March 1922

The following events occurred in March 1922:

March 1, 1922 (Wednesday)

• Artur Bernardes of the Mineiro Republican Party won the Brazilian presidential election.
• Soviet Russia and Sweden signed a temporary commercial treaty in Stockholm. The Swedish Riksdag would later refuse to ratify it.^[1]
• Born: Michael Flanders, English actor and songwriter (Flanders and Swann), in London (d. 1975); William Gaines, publisher of EC Comics and Mad magazine, in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1992); Yitzhak Rabin, politician and general, in Jerusalem (d. 1995)
• Died: Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, 29, Spanish footballer (typhus)

March 2, 1922 (Thursday)

• WNBC in New York first transmitted. This radio station went on to become the flagship station of the NBC Radio Network.
• Born: Bill Quackenbush, ice hockey player, in Toronto, Canada (d. 1999)

March 3, 1922 (Friday)

• Italian Fascists carried out a coup d'état in the Free State of Fiume.^[2]
• 13 were killed and a dozen injured when two trains collided with a bus at a crossing in Painesville, Ohio.^[3]

March 4, 1922 (Saturday)

• Riccardo Zanella resigned as President of the Free State of Fiume.^[4]
• The F. W. Murnau-directed German Expressionist horror film Nosferatu starring Max Schreck premiered in Germany.
• The drama film The Cradle starring Ethel Clayton and Charles Meredith was released.
• Born: Richard E. Cunha, cinematographer and film director, in Honolulu, Hawaii (d. 2005); Martha O'Driscoll, actress, in Tulsa, Oklahoma (d. 1998); Dina Pathak, actor and director, in Amreli, Gujarat, British India (d. 2002)
• Died: Bert Williams, 47, American vaudeville entertainer

March 5, 1922 (Sunday)

• Annie Oakley shot a record 98 out of 100 clay targets from a distance of 16 yards.^[5]
• WHK in Cleveland, the first commercial radio station to broadcast in the state of Ohio, went on the air.^[6][7]
• Born: Pier Paolo Pasolini, film director, poet, writer and intellectual, in Bologna, Italy (d. 1975)

March 6, 1922 (Monday)

• White miners called for a general strike in South Africa after their employers proposed to open semi-skilled jobs to non-European workers.^[5]
• The engagement of the wealthy heiress Edwina Ashley to Lord Louis Mountbatten was announced.^[5]
• Born: Wanda Klaff, Nazi camp overseer, in Danzig (d. 1946)

March 7, 1922 (Tuesday)

• Sigurður Eggerz became Prime Minister of Iceland.
• The Graystone Ballroom opened in Detroit.
• The mystery film Sherlock Holmes starring John Barrymore was released.

March 8, 1922 (Wednesday)

• The United States formally declined to participate in the Genoa Conference.^[8]
• The 14th Canadian Parliament, the first under new Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, entered session.
• 108 mph winds were recorded in the Isles of Scilly as a hurricane swept the coast of England.^[5]
• Born: Ralph H. Baer, video game developer, inventor and engineer, in Rodalben, Germany (d. 2014); Cyd Charisse, actress and dancer, in Amarillo, Texas (d. 2008); Carl Furillo, baseball player, in Stony Creek Mills, Pennsylvania (d. 1989); Yevgeny Matveyev, actor and film director, in Novoukrainka, Ukrainian SSR (d. 2003); Shigeru Mizuki, manga artist, in Sakaiminato, Tottori, Japan
• Died: Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope, 79, British evangelist

March 9, 1922 (Thursday)

• The Eugene O'Neill play The Hairy Ape opened at the Provincetown Playhouse in New York.^[9]
• Born: Count Flemming Valdemar of Rosenborg, in Stockholm, Sweden (d. 2002)

March 10, 1922 (Friday)

• Martial law was declared in Johannesburg in response to incidents of sabotage, fighting and looting during the miner's strike.^[10]
• Mahatma Gandhi was arrested in India for sedition.^[11]
• The German government ordered all monarchist emblems removed from public buildings.^[5]
• The U.S. state of Colorado got its first licensed radio station, KLZ in Denver.^[12][13]
• Died: Harry Kellar, 72, American stage magician

March 11, 1922 (Saturday)

• 100 were killed in the South African riots.^[14]
• Born: Abdul Razak Hussein, 2nd Prime Minister of Malaysia, in Pekan, Penang, British Malaya (d. 1976); Vincent Mroz, American Secret Service agent and Marine Corps veteran, in Stanley, Wisconsin (d. 2008)
• Died: Joe Gerhardt, 67, American baseball player

March 12, 1922 (Sunday)

• The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic was established.
• Gandhi offered to plead guilty to the charges against him and declined to present any legal defense.^[15]
• A bullet was fired into the automobile of South African Prime Minister Jan Smuts, but he was not injured.^[16]
• Born: Jack Kerouac, novelist and poet, in Lowell, Massachusetts (d. 1969); Lane Kirkland, labor union leader, in Camden, South Carolina (d. 1999)

March 13, 1922 (Monday)

• Government forces gained the upper hand in South Africa against the rebels. A total of 2,200 had been captured to date.^[14]
• The Prince of Wales Royal Military College was inaugurated in Doon Valley, India by Edward, Prince of Wales.
• Delegates from Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland opened a five-day conference in Warsaw to create a defensive league and arbitrate disputes.^[2]
• The third trial of Fatty Arbuckle began.^[17]

March 14, 1922 (Tuesday)

• South African Rebels surrendered in Fordsburg to government troops after 75 minutes of bombardment.^[18]

March 15, 1922 (Wednesday)

• Éamon de Valera announced the formation of a new party, the Cumann na Poblachta.^[19]
• Fuad became King of Egypt.
• A huge early morning fire in Chicago wiped out an entire block of commercial buildings and did about $10 million in damage.^[20]
• WSB in Atlanta, the first licensed radio station in the U.S. state of Georgia, went on the air.^[12][21]
• KGG in Portland, Oregon, the first licensed radio station in that state, went on the air.^[12]

March 16, 1922 (Thursday)

• The South African rebellion ended.^[22]
• The French Red Cross and the Soviet government signed an agreement in Berlin on measures to fight the Russian famine. It was the first contract ever concluded between France and Soviet Russia.^[23]
• WHD in Morgantown, West Virginia became the first licensed radio station in that state.^[12]
• Born: Harding Lemay, screenwriter and playwright, in Bangor, New York
• Died: G. B. Halsted, 68, American mathematician

March 17, 1922 (Friday)

• Italy sent troops to occupy the Free State of Fiume in response to the coup, saying it was only doing so because the Treaty of Rapallo assigned Italy the responsibility of policing the state and because it sought to ensure the election of a legal government.^[24]
• WIP, Philadelphia's first commercial radio station, went on the air.
• Born: Patrick Suppes, philosopher, in Tulsa, Oklahoma (d. 2014)

March 18, 1922 (Saturday)

• In Ahmedabad, Gandhi was sentenced to six year's imprisonment.^[14]
• The Communist Party of Great Britain assembled in London for its fourth party congress.^[25]
• Born: Egon Bahr, politician, in Treffurt, Germany

March 19, 1922 (Sunday)

• Franz Hailer became the first pilot to land a plane on the Zugspitze, Germany's highest mountain, when he landed a Rumpler C.I on the Schneeferner glacier 500 metres from the summit.^[26][27]
• Died: Max von Hausen, 75, German army commander

March 20, 1922 (Monday)

• The USS Langley, converted from the collier USS Jupiter, entered service as the first American aircraft carrier.^[14]
• The Communist Party of Italy opened its second party congress in Rome.^[28]
• Born: Carl Reiner, comedian, actor, director and producer, in the Bronx, New York

March 21, 1922 (Tuesday)

• Queen Mary inaugurated London Waterloo station.^[5]
• Born: Russ Meyer, filmmaker, in San Leandro, California (d. 2004)

March 22, 1922 (Wednesday)

• Giovanni Giuriati became President of the Free State of Fiume.
• Irish republican Rory O'Connor gave an infamous press conference declaring that the IRA would no longer obey the Dáil because, he said, it had abandoned the Republic. When asked if that meant that they were to set up a military dictatorship, he said, "You can take it that way if you like."^[19][29]

March 23, 1922 (Thursday)

• Lawrence Sperry became the first pilot to land a plane at the U.S. Capitol. His small scout plane touched down on the concrete plaza in front of the Capitol building and rolled up the steps in order to stop because the plane had no brakes.^[30]
• The South African miner's strike ended.^[31]
• The U.S. state of Kansas got its first licensed radio station, WEY in Wichita.^[12]
• WKC in Baltimore became the first licensed radio station in the state of Maryland.^[12]
• WKN in Memphis, Tennessee became the first commercial radio station in that state.^[12]
• Born: Robert Simons, cricketer, in Watford, England (d. 2011)

March 24, 1922 (Friday)

• The McMahon killings occurred in Belfast.
• Poland annexed the Republic of Central Lithuania.^[14]
• Music Hall won the Grand National horse race.^[5]
• The Swiss Federal Council settled a long-running border dispute between Venezuela and Colombia by siding with Colombia.^[2]
• Died: Walter Parr, 50, English-born preacher and author

March 25, 1922 (Saturday)

• Britain and Iraq signed a military agreement giving the British control over Iraqi defenses.^[2]
• The Brazilian Communist Party was founded.^[32]

March 26, 1922 (Sunday)

• The Allied Powers agreed to amend the Treaty of Sèvres in an attempt to end the Greco-Turkish War, but the Turkish Nationalists refused to sign an armistice until Greece evacuated all its forces from Anatolia.^[2]

March 27, 1922 (Monday)

• The U.S. Supreme Court decided United Zinc & Chemical Co. v. Britt.
• Born: Josephine Kabick, baseball player, in Detroit, Michigan (d. 1978); Stefan Wul, science fiction writer, in France

March 28, 1922 (Tuesday)

• In Shanghai, two Koreans attempted to assassinate the former Japanese Minister of War Tanaka Giichi as he was getting off a ship, but they missed and killed an American woman instead. Both would-be assassins were quickly apprehended.^[33]
• The Toronto St. Pats beat the Vancouver Millionaires 5-1 to win the Stanley Cup, three games to two.
• Born: Felice Chiusano, singer, in Fondi, Italy (d. 1990); Joey Maxim, boxer, in Cleveland, Ohio (d. 2001)
• Died: Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, 51, Russian criminologist, journalist and statesman

March 29, 1922 (Wednesday)

• The printing press of the Irish newspaper The Freeman's Journal was destroyed by IRA men for its support of the Anglo-Irish Treaty.^[34]

March 30, 1922 (Thursday)

• The U.S. Senate approved the Washington Naval Treaty and the Nine-Power Treaty.^[35]
• Died: John Craig Eaton, 45, Canadian businessman (pneumonia)

March 31, 1922 (Friday)

• The Anglo-Irish Treaty received Royal Assent.^[19]
• The first licensed radio station in the state of Louisiana, WWL in New Orleans, began broadcasting.^[36]
• Born: Richard Kiley, actor, in chicago, Illinois (d. 1999)

References