Marion Maréchal-Le Pen

Marion Maréchal-Le Pen
MP

Marion Maréchal-Le Pen in 2012, at a meeting for her aunt's presidential campaign.
Member of the French Parliament
for Vaucluse's 3rd constituency
Assumed office
20 June 2012
Preceded by Jean-Michel Ferrand
Majority 18 920 (42.09%)[1]
Personal details
Born Marion Jeanne Caroline Maréchal-Le Pen
(1989-12-10) 10 December 1989
Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines
Nationality French
Political party National Front (2008–present)
Spouse(s) Matthieu Decosse
(m. 2014; div. 2016)
Relations Jean-Marie Le Pen (grandfather)
Marine Le Pen (aunt)
Children Olympe (b. 2014)
Residence Saint-Cloud, Hauts-de-Seine[2]
Alma mater Panthéon-Assas University, Master of Laws (2012)
Occupation Politician
Religion Roman Catholicism[3]
Website Marion Maréchal-Le Pen

Marion Jeanne Caroline Maréchal-Le Pen (French pronunciation: ​[maʁjɔ̃ maʁeʃal ləˈpɛn]; born 10 December 1989) is a French politician, granddaughter of Front national (FN) founder Jean-Marie Le Pen, and niece of current FN president Marine Le Pen.

Maréchal-Le Pen is, like her aunt, also a member of the Front national and has been the MP for Vaucluse's 3rd constituency since 2012. Twenty-two years old at the time of her election, she became France's youngest MP in modern political history.[4]

Family background

She was born on 10 December 1989 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, Île-de-France.[5]

Her grandfather Jean-Marie Le Pen, who was the honorary chairman of the FN prior to his expulsion in August 2015,[6] founded this French nationalist party on 5 October 1972. Her aunt Marine Le Pen has been the president of the Front National since 16 January 2011. Her mother Yann Le Pen, Jean-Marie Le Pen's second daughter, does not carry out any official duties within the FN. Her father Samuel Maréchal had been the leader of the Front National Youth movement (FNJ) for seven years (1992–1999).[7] She featured with her grandfather in a campaign poster at the age of two.[8]

In a book entitled The Conquerors (Les Conquérantes) launched on 18 November 2013, the French journalist Christine Clerc (fr) revealed that Samuel Maréchal is not her biological father.[9] On 7 November 2013, the French weekly news magazine L'Express disclosed the identity of her birth father, Roger Auque, an investigative journalist who died in September 2014.[9] On 8 November, Marion Maréchal-Le Pen officially announced that she had asked her lawyer to sue L'Express for a "serious invasion of her privacy".[10][11]

Maréchal-Le Pen married businessman Matthieu Decosse on 29 July 2014, at the Saint-Cloud town hall.[12] Their daughter was born that September.[13] They divorced in 2016.[14]

Academic studies

Until 2012, she was enrolled in Panthéon-Assas University's masters of public business law.[15] On 14 November 2012, she wrote in an official statement that she had decided to put aside her studies in order to dedicate herself to her office.[16]

Political career (2008–2013)

About her early interest in politics, she explained: "Contrary to what everyone thinks, in my family we didn’t talk about politics at home and we were free to make our own choices. I became interested in politics around 15 or 16 and in various approaches, not necessarily FN". As a teenager, she once went to a meeting addressed by Nicolas Sarkozy "out of curiosity" because he "intrigued" her. She added: "I very quickly came down to earth." At the age of 18, she became a member of the FN.[17]

Early career (2008–2010)

In the 2008 municipal elections, she was a candidate in seventh position on the FN list in Saint-Cloud, Hauts-de-Seine.[18] She was not elected since the FN list only got 6.29% with one municipal councillor elected from the first round.[19]

In the 2010 regional elections, she figured in second position on the FN departmental list in the Yvelines, Île-de-France.[20] Marie-Christine Arnautu's FN list, which polled 9.29% in the whole of Île-de-France in the first round,[21] could not take part in the run-off given that a list must cross a threshold of 10% of the valid votes at a regional level. Because of the process of elimination, she was not elected in the Île-de-France's regional council.[22]

Youngest MP in modern history (2012)

Vaucluse's 3rd constituency highlighted in green.

Her parliamentary candidacy in Vaucluse's 3rd constituency was publicly confirmed on 25 April 2012, in between the first round and run-off of the presidential election.[23][24] After her candidacy was made official by the FN nomination committee, she then campaigned in this constituency which includes the southern part of Carpentras.[7][17][22][25] In the first round of the presidential elections, Marine Le Pen had achieved her highest national performance in Vaucluse (27.03%)[26] and most notably in this constituency (31.50%) where she outdistanced the UMP incumbent president Nicolas Sarkozy (27.60%).[7][22][25]

In the run-off on 17 June 2012, she defeated the incumbent MP Jean-Michel Ferrand who had continuously sat in the National Assembly for twenty-six years (Rally for the Republic: 1986–2002, Union for a Popular Movement: 2002–2012).[27] At the age of 22, she became the youngest citizen to enter the French Parliament in modern political history (Louis Antoine de Saint-Just was at 24 years old the former youngest MP in 1791).[7][28]

She is the only member of the National Front since 1997 to serve in the National Assembly.[4][29] A member of the FN from 1972 to 2005 and an MP for Vaucluse under the eighth legislature (1986–1988), Jacques Bompard, was also elected as an MP for Vaucluse's 4th constituency.[30][31] Gilbert Collard, a member of the Rassemblement bleu Marine, a political association who supports Marine Le Pen, was also elected as an MP.[32]

Rise within the FN (2012)

Marion Maréchal-Le Pen's speech during a meeting on 1 September 2012 in Livré-la-Touche, Mayenne

In early July 2012 she became a member of the National Front's executive board.[33] On 23 September 2012, she made her first public speech in front of 1,000 participants at the FN summer school in La Baule-Escoublac.[34]

Local politics: Sorgues (2013–2014)

During a press conference held on 30 October 2013, she officially announced her appearance as a fellow candidate on a municipal list at Sorgues, a town of 18,000 inhabitants located to the north of Avignon in the western part of her constituency.[35][36] She decided to figure in tenth position on this local list led by Gérard Gérent, then an independent councillor belonging to the UMP municipal majority and a former deputy mayor of Sorgues.[37][38]

In the first round of the 2012 presidential elections, Marine Le Pen had polled 36.02% at Sorgues[39] whereas Marion Maréchal-Le Pen got there 37.65% in the first round and 44.36% in the run-off of the following legislative elections.[40]

In the first round on 23 March 2014, the FN list led by Gérard Gérent, which was defeated by the one of the UMP incumbent mayor Thierry Lagneau, came second with 33.80% (2,861 votes) with the election of five municipal councillors and two community councillors.[41] Consequently, she was not elected as a municipal councillor at Sorgues.

Regional candidacy in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (2015)

Electoral posters in Saint-Didier, Vaucluse

In April 2015, Marion Maréchal-Le Pen was chosen by her party to be the leading FN candidate in the southeastern region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur in that year's regional elections, after her grandfather was expelled for his remarks on the Holocaust.[42] She did not support his expulsion.[43] The elections came a month after an Islamist terror attack which killed 130 people in Paris. Maréchal-Le Pen reacted on television by declaring that "Today, we can see that immigration has become favorable terrain for the development of Islamism".[44]

In the first round of voting, she won 40.55% of the vote, becoming one of six FN candidates to lead a region.[45] Socialist candidate Christophe Castaner then withdrew, to avoid splitting the vote for The Republicans' mayor of Nice, Christian Estrosi.[46] In the second round of voting, no FN candidate won a region, with Maréchal-Le Pen losing to Estrosi by 54.78% to 45.22%.[47] She got the best result for a National Front candidate, Marine Le Pen obtaining 42% in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie region.[48][49]

Political views

Her political, cultural and foreign policy views reflect the general consensus of her party.[50]

Social positions

She asserts that her party has supported the defense of the family for a very long time.[51] Along with Gilbert Collard and other FN senior executives, she took part in the mass demonstrations against same-sex marriage organized in Paris by La Manif Pour Tous movement in the first half of the year 2013.[50][51]

Maréchal-Le Pen believes that Muslims can only be French if they follow the Christian culture, saying that "In our country, we don’t wear djellaba clothing, we don’t wear a veil and we don’t impose cathedral-sized mosques".[43]

She is opposed to the reinstatement of capital punishment: "In a private capacity, I am against the reinstatement of capital punishment, since this would impose an extremely difficult choice on judges. And whatever happens, the horrifying possibility of a miscarriage of justice is ever-present, no matter how minimally. I prefer the alternative of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole."[52]

Academic Cécile Alduy described Maréchal-Le Pen as a "paradoxical character" who dresses and speaks in a modern way while promoting social conservatism.[43] Conservative American former vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin praised Maréchal-Le Pen for her societal beliefs, and compared her to Joan of Arc.[53] Latest Counselor to the President and former executive chair of Breitbart News Steve Bannon also praised her, referring to her as "the new rising star"; afterwards Maréchal Le-Pen said on Twitter that she was willing to work with him.[54]

Foreign policy and EU issues

She is a member of the parliamentary friendship groups France–Russia[55] and France−Ivory Coast.[56]

On 10 December 2012, she took part in an international parliamentary forum organized at Moscow by the State Duma.[57] On 22 January 2013, she was present in the Reichstag at the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the Élysée Treaty by French President Charles de Gaulle and German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer.[58] In a written statement, she said that the treaty was originally based on the cooperation and partnership between two sovereign states and denounced the "forced march towards a German federal Europe".[59]

On 29 September 2013, she attended a political event organized by the Vlaams Belang in Boom, near Antwerp. On this occasion, she explained: "It is important that a front of patriotic and euro-critical parties form in sight of European elections, which is the case, and get some good results in order to lead resistance to Euro and globalism".[60]

Parliamentary career

Along with Gilbert Collard, she introduced on 7 December 2012 a constitutional private member's bill concerning the appointment of the members of the Constitutional Council of France.[61]

For the beginning of the fourteenth legislature, she cosigned four private member's bills[5] including one constitutional forbidding marriage between same-sex persons[62] and one organic which aims at enforcing the article 68 of the Constitution of France establishing a process of impeachment for the President of the Republic.[63]

According to the rules of the National Assembly, an unregistered MP can ask orally the government every eight sessions.[64][65] She had asked three oral questions for the beginning of the legislature: in 2013, to Manuel Valls, Minister of the Interior about the policy regarding Romani people[66] and to Marisol Touraine, Minister of Health and Social Affairs about the fight against welfare fraud;[67] in 2014, to Nicole Bricq, Minister for Foreign Trade about the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership.[68]

In a written parliamentary question addressed in May 2013 to Valérie Fourneyron, Minister of Sports, Youth Affairs, Popular Education and Community life, she drew her attention to the poor treatment rugby league receives in France from the government and the media, regretting the banning of this sport during the Vichy regime.[69][70]

In April 2015, because of his intense anti-FN campaign in the departmental elections, Maréchal-Le Pen criticized the "cretin contempt" ("mépris crétin") of Socialist Prime Minister Manuel Valls in parliament. Valls responded with a trembling hand and an apparent fury.[71][72] After it had become a viral video, she explained it was a reference to Michel Onfray who has also called Valls a "crétin" when the Prime Minister has accused him of "losing his landmarks".[8][73][74]

Political mandate

National Assembly: benches in the hemicycle. During the XIVth legislature (2012–), bench n°67 is allocated to Marion Maréchal-Le Pen

One of the six youngest MPs of the new assembly, she served on 26 June 2012 as a secretary during the opening of the fourteenth legislature presided over by the most senior MP François Scellier.[79]

She has been a Non-Attached MP since 20 June 2012. Her bench (number 67) is located between the ones of Gilbert Collard (number 66, on her "right") and Jacques Bompard (number 68, on her "left").[80] The National Assembly has included eight unregistered MPs since 30 August 2013.[81][82]

References

  1. ↑ "2012 French parliamentary elections: Vaucluse's 3rd constituency (first round and run-off)" (in French). Minister of the Interior (France). Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  2. ↑ Béraud, Anne-Laëtitia (17 June 2012). "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen, the youngest elected MP in the history of the French Fifth Republic". 20 minutes (in French). Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  3. ↑ Tugdual, Denis (13 June 2013). "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen on the pilgrimage to Chartres". L'Express (France) (in French). Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  4. 1 2 Samuel, Henry (17 June 2012). "Marion Le Pen becomes youngest French MP in modern history". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen: Basic biography – Historical background: former mandates and functions – All the works: private member's bills and resolutions" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  6. ↑ "French National Front expels founder Jean-Marie Le Pen". BBC News. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Chrisafis, Angelique (4 June 2012). "Le Pen again: new face of French far right has familiar surname". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  8. 1 2 Coleman, Jasmine (4 December 2015). "Marion Marechal-Le Pen and France's far-right charm offensive". BBC News. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  9. 1 2 Denis, Tugdual (7 November 2013). "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen: to the discovery of her father". L'Express (in French). Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  10. ↑ "Marion Maréchal Le Pen sues L'Express". L'Express (in French). 8 November 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  11. ↑ "Official statement of Wallerand de Saint Just, Marion Maréchal-Le Pen's lawyer" (in French). 8 November 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  12. ↑ "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen se marie aujourd'hui" [Marion Maréchal-Le Pen is getting married today]. Gala (in French). 29 July 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  13. ↑ Mandel, Élodie (4 September 2014). "MARION MARÉCHAL-LE PEN MAMAN D'UNE PETITE OLYMPE !" [MARION MARÉCHAL-LE PEN MOTHER OF A LITTLE OLYMPE!]. Closer (in French). Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  14. ↑ http://www.planet.fr/politique-marion-marechal-le-pen-divorce-qui-etait-son-mari-matthieu-decosse.1110035.29334.html
  15. ↑ Woitier, Chloé (25 April 2012). "Marion, the new face of Le Pen clan". Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  16. ↑ "Mr Ferrand's lies to the test of facts (official statement)" (in French). National Front (France). 14 November 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  17. 1 2 Willsher, Kim (3 June 2012). "French parliamentary elections: Marion Le Pen hoping to continue the Front National dynasty". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  18. ↑ "2008 French municipal elections: list of the FN candidates in Saint-Cloud" (in French). Minister of the Interior (France). Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  19. ↑ "2008 French municipal elections: results in Saint-Cloud (first round)" (in French). Minister of the Interior (France). Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  20. ↑ "2010 French regional elections: list of the FN candidates in the Île-de-France's eight departments" (in French). Minister of the Interior (France). Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  21. ↑ "2010 French regional elections: Île-de-France (first round and run-off)" (in French). Minister of the Interior (France). Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  22. 1 2 3 Crumley, Bruce (4 June 2012). "Meet French Candidate Marion Maréchal-Le Pen: Third-Generation Extreme-Right Militant". Time. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  23. ↑ Rembert, Michel (26 April 2012). "Jean-Marie Le Pen's granddaughter candidate in Vaucluse". Le Dauphiné libéré (in French). Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  24. ↑ Testi, Mélodie (25 April 2012). "Legislative elections: Marion Le Pen candidate in Vaucluse". La Provence (in French). Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  25. 1 2 Oster, Adrien (8 June 2012). "Report. 2012 legislative elections: Marion Maréchal-Le Pen's electoral campaign in Vaucluse". The Huffington Post (in French). Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  26. ↑ "2012 French presidential elections: Vaucluse (first round and run-off)" (in French). Minister of the Interior (France). Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  27. ↑ "Jean-Michel Ferrand – Historical background: former mandates and functions (1986–2012)" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  28. ↑ Willsher, Kim (17 June 2012). "Socialist Party wins historic majority in France". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  29. ↑ Fouquet, Helene (17 June 2012). "Anti-Euro Le Pen Party Wins First Parliament Seats in 15 Years". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  30. ↑ "Jacques Bompard: Profile of the MPs under the Fifth Republic – Eighth legislature (1986–1988)" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  31. ↑ "2012 French legislative elections: Vaucluse's 4th constituency (first round and run-off)" (in French). Minister of the Interior (France). Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  32. ↑ http://www.liberation.fr/france/2012/09/26/le-rassemblement-bleu-marine-devient-une-association_849050
  33. ↑ "National Front: executive board" (in French). National Front. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  34. ↑ Larquier, Ségolène de (23 September 2012). "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen, rising star of the FN". Le Point (in French). Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  35. ↑ "Municipal elections: Marion Maréchal-Le Pen candidate at Sorgues". Le Point (in French). 30 October 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  36. ↑ Rumello, Joël (31 October 2013). "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen will effectively go up to the front lines at Sorgues". La Provence (in French). Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  37. ↑ "2014 French municipal elections: list of the 33 FN candidates (Liste Sorgues Bleu Marine)" (in French). Minister of the Interior (France). Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  38. ↑ "In Vaucluse, the FN on the offensive against a weakened right". Le Parisien (in French). 5 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  39. ↑ "2012 French presidential elections: Sorgues (first round and run-off)" (in French). Minister of the Interior (France). Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  40. ↑ "2012 French legislative elections: Sorgues (first round and run-off)" (in French). Minister of the Interior (France). Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  41. ↑ "2014 French municipal elections: Sorgues (first round)" (in French). Minister of the Interior (France). Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  42. ↑ Chrisafis, Angelique (16 April 2015). "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen: the young face of France's far right". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  43. 1 2 3 "Marion Marechal-Le Pen's remarkable rise in French politics". News.com.au. 9 December 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  44. ↑ Nossiter, Adam (17 November 2015). "Marine Le Pen's Anti-Islam Message Gains Influence in France". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  45. ↑ "French far-right National Front party leads first round of local elections". Telegraph Standard. 13 December 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  46. ↑ Mathieu, Samir (8 December 2015). "RÉGIONALES PACA: CHRISTOPHE CASTANER A DIT NON. IL S'EXPLIQUE SUR D!CI TV" [PACA REGIONALS: CHRISTOPHE CASTANER SAID NO. HE EXPLAINS HIMSELF ON D!CI TV] (in French). D!CI.
  47. ↑ Ollivier, Enora; Rof, Gilles (13 December 2015). "Elections régionales: en Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Christian Estrosi gagne son duel face à Marion Maréchal-Le Pen" [Regional elections: in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Christian Estrosi wins his duel against Marion Maréchal-Le Pen]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  48. ↑ http://www.france-politique.fr/elections-regionales.htm
  49. ↑ http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/regionales-2015/32/32.html
  50. 1 2 Popova, Tatiana (23 July 2013). "Marion Le Pen: 'I'm advocating intelligent traditionalism against hostile elites'". Pravda.ru. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  51. 1 2 Larquier, Ségolène de (14 January 2013). "A pink and blue tide against same-sex marriage". Le Point (in French). Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  52. ↑ "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen, in full emancipation crisis ?". L'Express (France) (in French). 11 October 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  53. ↑ "Sarah Palin: My political crush on Marion Marechal-Le Pen". BBC News. 14 December 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  54. ↑ "Steve Bannon's Dream: A Worldwide Ultra-Right". The Daily Beast.
  55. ↑ "Members of the parliamentary friendship group France-Russia" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  56. ↑ "Members of the parliamentary friendship group France-Ivory Coast" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  57. ↑ "7 days BFM – FN, in search of power – Report about MMLP's stay at Moscow (from 4'42)" (in French). BFM TV. 15 December 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
  58. ↑ "Élysée Treaty: French and German people move closer together – 400 French people in the German Bundestag" (in German). Bundestag. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  59. ↑ "Franco-German couple: from the cooperation to the German federal Europe (official statement)" (in French). National Front (France). 27 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  60. ↑ Baland, Lionel (30 September 2013). "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen at the European celebration organized by the Vlaams Belang in Boom, near Antwerp" (in French). Nouvelles de France. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  61. ↑ Maréchal-Le Pen, Marion (7 December 2012). "Constitutional private member's bill concerning the appointment of the members of the Constitutional Council (n°483, cosignatory: Gilbert Collard)" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 25 December 2012.
  62. ↑ Collard, Gilbert (6 November 2012). "Constitutional private member's bill forbidding the marriage between same-sex persons (n°341, cosignatories: Jacques Bompard & MMLP)" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 25 December 2012.
  63. ↑ Bompard, Jacques (3 February 2014). "Organic private member's bill enforcing the article 68 of the Constitution (n°1757, cosignatories: MMLP & Gilbert Collard)" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  64. ↑ "Knowledges of National Assembly — Question and answer sessions" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  65. ↑ "Search of questions: 14th legislature (since 20 June 2012) — To the government – Political group: unregistered MPs" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  66. ↑ "Question and answer session – Policy regarding Romani people" (in French). National Assembly (France). 19 March 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  67. ↑ "Question and answer session – Fight against welfare fraud" (in French). National Assembly (France). 28 May 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  68. ↑ "Question and answer session – Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement" (in French). National Assembly (France). 4 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  69. ↑ "Written question (n° 26,534) about Rugby league in France: text (21 May 2013) and reply (27 August 2013)" (in French). Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  70. ↑ Bousquet, Emmanuel (15 May 2013). "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen, first fan of Rugby league in France". Metronews (in French). Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  71. ↑ http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/citations/2015/03/13/25002-20150313ARTFIG00106-main-qui-tremble-manuel-valls-attaque-sur-sa-nervosite.php
  72. ↑ http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/la-main-qui-tremble-de-valls-les-complotistes-et-le-front-national_1660686.html
  73. ↑ Onfray sur Valls: "dans le dictionnaire, ça s'appelle un crétin"
  74. ↑ Bistro Libertés s2e07 avec MARION MARECHAL-LE PEN (7:00)
  75. ↑ "Members of the committee on Foreign Affairs" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  76. ↑ "Members of the study group Heritage" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 7 February 2013.
  77. ↑ "Members of the study group Policies on rurality" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  78. ↑ "Members of the study group Shale gas" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  79. ↑ "2011–2012 ordinary session: constitution of the "bureau of age" (bureau d'âge)" (in French). National Assembly (France). 26 June 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  80. ↑ "Localization of the MPs in the hemicycle" (in French). National Assembly (France). Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  81. ↑ "List of the eight unregistered MPs under the fourteenth legislature" (in French). National Assembly (France). 17 June 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  82. ↑ "Change in the forming of the parliamentary groups" (in French). National Assembly (France). 17 June 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
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