Mary Saran

Mary Saran
Born Maria Martha Saran
13 July 1897
Cranz, East Prussia, Germany
Died 16 February 1976(1976-02-16) (aged 78)
London, England
Other names M. Jensen
Maria Hodann
Mary Flanders
Occupation
  • Political activist
  • Author
  • Journalist
Spouse(s) Max Hodann
Allan Flanders
Children 1
Parent(s) Richard Saran

Maria Martha Saran, known as Mary Saran, (13 July 1897 – 16 February 1976) was a journalist and author. In 1933 she emigrated from her native Germany to England, where she took British nationality and where she lived for the rest of her life.[1]

Mary Saran also wrote under the pseudonym M. Jensen. In addition, she was twice, albeit on the second occasion only briefly, married, and she therefore may appear in sources as Maria Hodann or Mary Flanders.

Life

Provenance and early years

Maria Saran was born in Cranz, a small seaside town in what was then East Prussia. She was the seventh of ten recorded children born to the busy architect Richard Saran and his wife.[2] On her mother's side Maria was a niece of the diplomat Johannes Kriege, and thereby a first cousin of the lawyer Walter Kriege and a remoter kinswoman of the early socialist Hermann Kriege.[1][2] Much of her father's architectural work was undertaken as a result of his employment as a "Regierungs- und Baurat", a government appointment. The family lived a short distance to the west of Königsberg while his children were young, but in 1901 they relocated to Wiesbaden in connection with Richard Saran's work. They moved again, this time to Berlin, in 1906.

She embarked on a course in Medicine, studying at Berlin and Göttingen in 1918, and successfully completing the first stage (Physikum) of the course before abandoning it.[3] She married a young doctor called Max Hodann on 24 December 1919,[2] which was the day on which Hodann received his doctorate for a dissertation advocating counseling centres for sufferers from Venereal diseases, entitled "Die sozialhygienische Bedeutung der Beratungsstellen für Geschlechtskranke". The marriage would end in divorce on 13 July 1926,[4] by which time the couple's daughter, Renate, had been born, and left-wing politics had replaced medicine as the other focus of Maria's life.[5]

Politics

As war gave way to searing austerity and a year of revolutions, Maria and Max Hodann became increasingly involved with the International Association for Socialist Struggle ("Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund" / ISK ), which had been set up in 1918 by the charismatic Göttingen-based philosopher Leonard Nelson.[5][6] She also worked in adult education in Berlin and engaged in social work.[3] She had also, in 1918, joined the Independent Social Democratic Party ("Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" / USPD), which had been formed the previous year when the Social Democratic Party ("Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" / SPD) had split, largely over the issue of whether or not to continue backing German participation in the war.[3] During the early 1920s the USPD in its turn splintered, and Maria Hodann was one of many former "defectors" who was back in the SPD by the middle of the decade, while at the same time actively sustaining her work with the more cerebral and, many would have said, more uncompromisingly left-wing ISK.[1] She was one of those who signed the ISK's Urgent Call for [political left-wing] Unity (against the imminent Nazi takeover in Germany) in 1932.[7]

During the early months of 1933, the Hitler government lost little time in creating a post-democratic German state. Emergency powers opened the way for attacks against, and mass arrests of, high-profile left-wing activists, Jews, and others identified by government as enemies. Maria Saran escaped with her twelve-year-old daughter Renate (Rene), initially to France and, for some months, Denmark.[8] By the end of 1933 they had arrived as refugees in England,[5] living in a "communal household" with fellow socialists.[5][9]

In Britain[10] she worked with in the Socialist Vanguard Group (SVG),[11] which was effectively the British branch of the ISK.[12] In 1941 she became editor of the group's monthly publication, retaining the editorship (latterly jointly with Rita Hinden) until 1955.[13] During the 1930s she had obtained British citizenship, in 1935/36[14][15] briefly marrying a fellow socialist, Allen Flanders,[9] in support of her citizenship application.[16] War ended in defeat for the Nazi régime in May 1945. Many of the socialist refugees from Naziism, who had lived in England since the 1930s now returned to Germany, including Minna Specht with whom Saran had at times worked closely in London. Mary Saran stayed on in England, working as a freelance journalist, contributing particularly (but not exclusively) to socialist and women's publications.[3] Till 1947 she was the editor for "Europe speaks" in succession to Willi Eichler who had also returned to Germany.[17] She also worked with the UNESCO, focusing on women's issues.[3] She continued to play an active part in British Labour Party politics and in adult education. From 1974 she taught in a London school.[3] Her memoir appeared in 1976 under the title "Never give up".[18] 1976 was also the year in which she died. Her English language memoir was translated by her friend, the historian Susanne Miller, and published privately in Germany under the title "Gib niemals auf. Erinnerungen" in 1979.[19]

Selected bibliography

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Mary Saran (2 September 1976). Never give up. Memoirs. Oswald Wolff Ltd, London. pp. 87, 97. ISBN 978-0-85496-257-0.
  2. 1 2 3 Kulenkampff'sche Familienstiftung (Hg.), Stammtafeln der Familie Kulenkampff, Bremen: Verlag B.C. Heye & Co 1959, Linie John Daniel Meier, J.D.M., pp. 47–50.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rudolf Vierhaus (Editor/compiler) (2007). Saran, Mary (Martha), geschiedene Maria Martha Hodann, Jounralistin, Politikerin. Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie (2. Ausgabe/2nd edition) Band/Vol. 8 Poethen – Schlüter. 8. K.G.Sauer, München. p. 702. ISBN 978-3-11-094025-1.
  4. ↑ Günter Grau; Volkmar Sigusch (Volume co-editor) (2009). Max Hodann (1894–1946). Personenlexikon der Sexualforschung. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / New York. p. 297. ISBN 978-3-593-39049-9.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Kay Herrmann (as interviewer); Rene Saran (as interviewee) (2008). "Kay Herrmann in Conversation with Rene Saran". Kant-Friesian School (Kelley L. Ross, Ph.D (Administrator / Editor). Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  6. ↑ "Leonard Nelson (1882–1927)". Kant-Friesian School (Kelley L. Ross, Ph.D (Administrator / Editor). 2008. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  7. ↑ Harald Maier-Metz (2015). Fascismus vor der Tür. Entlassungsgrund: Pazifismus: Albrecht Götze, der Fall Gumbel und die Marburger Universität: 1930 bis 1946. Waxmann Verlag, Münster. pp. 91–93. ISBN 978-3-8309-3193-5.L
  8. ↑ Birgit S. Nielsen (1985). Erziehung zum Selbstvertrauen. Ein sozialistischer Schulversuch im dänischen Exil 1933–1938. The book gives a brief account of Mary Saran's joint activities with Minna Specht in Denmark. Peter Hammer Verlag, Wuppertal. pp. 45–52, 166f.
  9. 1 2 John Kelly (2010). Organization and Finances of the British section. Ethical Socialism and the Trade Unions: Allan Flanders and British Industrial Relations reform. Routledge, New York. ISBN 978-0-415-87848-7.
  10. ↑ Susanne Miller. "So würde ich noch einmal leben". Erinnerungen, aufgezeichnet von Antje Dertinger. Dietz 2005, Bonn. pp. 71–87, 97.
  11. ↑ Thomas Tretzmüller (4 January 2001). "Mary Saran". Sozialistische Europapläne während des 2. Weltkriegs am Beispiel des Internationalen Sozialistischen Kampf-Bundes und der Socialist Vanguard Group. Institut für Geschichte der Universität Wien. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  12. ↑ Mark Minion. "The Labour Party and Europe during the 1940s: the strange case of the Socialist Vanguard Group." (PDF). London South Bank University. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  13. ↑ "Records of'Socialist Vanguard', Socialist Commentary Publications Limited and Friends of 'Socialist Commentary' 1934–1981" (PDF). Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick. p. 1. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  14. ↑ "Index entry Maria Saran". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  15. ↑ "Index entry Allan D Flanders". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  16. ↑ Irene Messinger (adapted and translated from the German by Anthony Grenville) (November 2014). "Marriages of convenience as a survival strategy". Association of Jewish Refugees (AJR), Stanmore, England. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  17. ↑ "Germany To-Day: This article is based on a speech recently made in London by Willi Eichler, editor of the "Rheinische Zeitung", and executive member of the Social Democratic Party" (PDF). International Publishing Co. 7 Carteret St. London, S.W.I. Bibliothek der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. 20 August 1946. p. 1. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  18. ↑ Mary Sarandate=1976. Never give up. Oswald Wolff, London. ISBN 978-0-85496-257-0.
  19. ↑ Mary Saran (author); Susanne Miller (Uebersetzung) (1979). Gib niemals auf. Erinnerungen. S. Eichler, Selbstverlag, Bonn.
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