Mass trespass of Kinder Scout

North flank of Kinder Scout

The mass trespass of Kinder Scout, also called the Kinder mass trespass,[1] was a notable act of wilful trespass by ramblers. It was undertaken at Kinder Scout, in the Peak District of Derbyshire, England, on 24 April 1932, to highlight the fact that walkers in England and Wales were denied access to areas of open country. Political and conservation activist Benny Rothman of the Young Communist League of Manchester was one of the leaders of the mass trespass.[2]

Events in 1932

The 1932 trespass began at Bowden Bridge quarry near Hayfield. It proceeded via William Clough to the plateau of Kinder Scout, where there were violent scuffles with gamekeepers. The ramblers were able to reach their destination and meet with another group. On the return, five ramblers were arrested, with another detained earlier. Trespass was not, and still is not, a criminal offence in any part of Britain, but some would receive jail sentences of two to six months for offences relating to violence against the keepers.[upper-alpha 1]

Political effects

The mass trespass marked the beginning of a media campaign by The Ramblers' Association, culminating in the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, which legislates rights to walk on mapped access land. The introduction of this Act was a key promise in the manifesto which brought New Labour to power in 1997.

According to the Kinder Trespass website, this act of civil disobedience was one of the most successful in British history. It arguably led to the passage of the National Parks legislation in 1949. The Pennine Way and other long-miled footpaths were established. Walkers' rights to travel through common land and open country were protected by the C.R.O.W. Act of 2000. Though controversial when it occurred, it has been interpreted as the embodiment of "working class struggle for the right to roam versus the rights of the wealthy to have exclusive use of moorlands" to shoot grouse.[4]

Commemoration

Commemorative plaque at Bowden Bridge Quarry, unveiled in 1982

Poet and folk singer Ewan MacColl (then known by his real name, Jimmie Miller) celebrated these events in his 1932 song "The Manchester Rambler";[5] he had organised the publicity for the trespass. The events form the subject of the song "You Can (Mass Trespass, 1932)" on Chumbawamba's 2005 album A Singsong and a Scrap. In 2014 Lancastrian band Harp and a monkey recorded the song 'Walking in the Footsteps of Giants' concerning the story of the men who marched in the Kinder Trespass and then later marched over the Pyrenees to join the fight against the Fascists.[6]


Each year a combination of wardens and rangers from both The National Trust and the Peak District National Park Authority hold a walking event to mark the anniversary of the trespass.[7] A commemorative plaque marks the start of the trespass at Bowden Bridge quarry near Hayfield, now a popular area for ramblers. It was unveiled in April 1982 by Benny Rothman (then aged 70) during a rally to mark the 50th anniversary.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "Also they were never charged with the offence of trespass. The charges of unlawful assembly were changed to the more serious charge of riotous assembly. Mr Justice MacKinnon at Chester Assizes in 1933 stated that the Act of Parliament which made it an offence to trespass after being warned not to do so had been repealed, making 'trespassers will be prosecuted' signs unenforceable."[3]

Citations

  1. ↑ "Kinder Mass Trespass 'should be taught in schools'". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  2. ↑ Long, Chris. "How trespassing 'crystallised' Ewan MacColl's songwriting". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  3. ↑ "Conflict and Controversy". Kinder trespass. Kinder Visitor Centre Group. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  4. ↑ "Kinder Mass Trespass". KinderTrespass.com. Kinder Visitor Centre Group. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  5. ↑ Harker, Ben (Spring 2005). "'The Manchester Rambler': Ewan MacColl and the 1932 Mass Trespass" (PDF). History Workshop Journal (59): 219–228.
  6. ↑ James K. Hopkins. "'Into the Heart of the Fire: The British in the Spanish Civil War'": 145.
  7. ↑ Trespass Trail (pdf), Kinder trespass, retrieved 1 March 2012

Bibliography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kinder Scout.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/19/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.