List of Muslim scientists
This is a list of scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization.
Astronomers
Main article: List of Muslim astronomers
- Sind ibn Ali (? - 864)
- Ali Qushji (1403 - 1474)
- Ahmad Khani (1650 - 1707)
- Ibrahim al-Fazari (? - 777)
- Muhammad al-Fazari (? - 796 or 806)
- Al-Khwarizmi, Mathematician (c. 780 - c. 850)
- Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar) (787 - 886 CE)
- Al-Farghani (800/805 - 870)
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa) (9th century)
- Dīnawarī (815 - 896)
- Al-Majriti (d. 1008 or 1007 CE)
- Al-Battani (c. 858 - 929) (Albatenius)
- Al-Farabi (c. 872 - c. 950) (Abunaser)
- Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (903 - 986)
- Abu Sa'id Gorgani (9th century)
- Kushyar ibn Labban (971 - 1029)
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900 - 971)
- Al-Mahani (9th century)
- Al-Marwazi (9th century)
- Al-Nayrizi (865 - 922)
- Al-Saghani (d. 990)
- Al-Farghani (9th century)
- Abu Nasr Mansur (970 - 1036)
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (10th century) (Kuhi)
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi (940 - 1000)
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī (940 - 998)
- Ibn Yunus (950 - 1009)
- Ibn al-Haytham (965 - 1040) (Alhacen)
- Bīrūnī (973 - 1048)
- Avicenna (980 - 1037) (Ibn Sīnā)
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (1029 - 1087) (Arzachel)
- Omar Khayyám (1048 - 1131)
- Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130)
- Ibn Bajjah (1095 - 1138) (Avempace)
- Ibn Tufail (1105 - 1185) (Abubacer)
- Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (12th century - 1204) (Alpetragius)
- Averroes (1126 - 1198)
- Al-Jazari (1136 - 1206)
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī (died 1213/4)
- Anvari (1126-1189)
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi (died 1566)
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201 - 1274)
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236 - 1311)
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (1250 - 1310)
- Ibn al-Shatir (1304 - 1375)
- Shams al-Dīn Abū Abd Allāh al-Khalīlī (1320-80)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī (1380 - 1429)
- Ulugh Beg (1394 - 1449)
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526 - 1585)
- Ahmad Nahavandi (8th and 9th centuries)
- Haly Abenragel (10th and 11th century)
- Abolfadl Harawi (10th century)
- Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi (1200 - 1266)
Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists
Further information: Islamic psychological thought
- Aziz Sancar, Turkish biochemist, the first Muslim biologist awarded the Nobel Prize
- Ibn Sirin (654 - 728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation[1]
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy[2]
- Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology[3]
- Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health,[4] medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine[5]
- Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies[6]
- Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (Haly Abbas), pioneer of neuroanatomy, neurobiology and neurophysiology[6]
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery[7]
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception[8]
- Al-Biruni, pioneer of reaction time[9]
- Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of neuropsychiatry,[10] thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness[11]
- Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology[7]
- Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease[7]
- Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture[12]
- Mohammad Samir Hossain, theorist,[13] author and one of the few Muslim scientists[14] in the field of death anxiety research[13][15]
Chemists and alchemists
Further information: Alchemy (Islam)
- Khalid ibn Yazid (died 704) (Calid)
- Jafar al-Sadiq (702-765)
- Jābir ibn Hayyān (721-815) (Geber), father of chemistry[16][17][18]
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (810-887) (Armen Firman)
- Al-Kindi (801-873) (Alkindus)
- Al-Majriti (fl. 1007-1008)
- Ibn Miskawayh (932-1030)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048)
- Avicenna (980-1037)
- Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130)
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201-1274)
- Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406)
- Salimuzzaman Siddiqui (1897-1994)
- Al-Khwārizmī (780-850), algebra, mathematics
- Ahmed H. Zewail (1946-2016), Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1999[19]
- Mostafa El-Sayed (1933- )
- Abdul Qadeer Khan (1936- ), nuclear scientist, uranium enrichment technologist, centrifuge method expert
- Atta ur Rahman, leading scholar in the field of natural product chemistry
- Omar M. Yaghi (1965- ), professor at the University of California, Berkeley
Economists and social scientists
Further information: Islamic economics in the world
See also: List of Muslim historians and Historiography of early Islam
- Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man (699–767), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
- Abu Yusuf (731–798), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
- Al-Saghani (d. 990), one of the earliest historians of science[20]
- Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973–1048), considered the "first anthropologist"[21] and father of Indology[22]
- Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) (980–1037), economist
- Ibn Miskawayh (b. 1030), economist
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (1058–1111), economist
- Al-Mawardi (1075–1158), economist
- Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (Tusi) (1201–1274), economist
- Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), sociologist
- Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328), economist
- Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), forerunner of social sciences[23] such as demography,[24] cultural history,[25] historiography,[26] philosophy of history,[27] sociology[24][27] and economics[28][29]
- Al-Maqrizi (1364–1442), economist
- Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani social scientist; pioneer of microcredit
- Muhammad Yunus, Nobel Prize winner Bangladeshi economist; pioneer of microfinance
- Shah Abdul Hannan, pioneer of Islamic banking in South Asia
- Mahbub ul Haq, Pakistani economist; developer of Human Development Index and founder of Human Development Report[30][31]
Geographers and earth scientists
Further information: Muslim Agricultural Revolution
- Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography[32]
- Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science[33]
- Ibn Al-Jazzar
- Al-Tamimi
- Al-Masihi
- Ali ibn Ridwan
- Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer
- Ahmad ibn Fadlan
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, father of geodesy,[21][24] considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist"[21]
- Avicenna
- Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
- Averroes
- Ibn al-Nafis
- Ibn Jubayr
- Ibn Battuta
- Ibn Khaldun
- Piri Reis
- Evliya Çelebi
Mathematicians
- Further information: Islamic mathematics: Biographies
- Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda (1926 Tokyo - 2003 Ankara)
- Cahit Arf 1910 Selanik (Thessaloniki) (born 1997 Istanbul, Turkey)
- Ali Qushji Ali KUŞÇU
- Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar
- Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
- Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Algorismi), father of algebra[34] and algorithms[35]
- 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk
- Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī (1412–1482), pioneer of symbolic algebra[36]
- Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam
- Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)
- Al-Khwarizmi
- Al-Mahani
- Ahmed ibn Yusuf
- Al-Majriti
- Al-Battani (Albatenius)
- Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
- Al-Nayrizi
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
- Brethren of Purity
- Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi
- Al-Saghani
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī
- Ibn Sahl
- Al-Sijzi
- Ibn Yunus
- Abu Nasr Mansur
- Kushyar ibn Labban
- Al-Karaji
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen/Alhazen)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
- Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi
- Al-Nasawi
- Al-Jayyani
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)
- Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
- Omar Khayyám
- Al-Khazini
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel)
- Al-Marrakushi
- Al-Samawal
- Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
- Ibn Seena (Avicenna)
- Hunayn ibn Ishaq
- Ibn al-Banna'
- Ibn al-Shatir
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī
- Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
- Muhammad Baqir Yazdi
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi - 13th century Persian mathematician and philosopher
- Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
- Ulugh Beg
- Al-Samawal al-Maghribi (1130 – 1180)
Physicians and surgeons
Main article: Muslim doctors
Physicists and engineers
Further information: Islamic physics
- Mimar Sinan (1489/1588), also known as Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ
- Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa), 9th century
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century
- Al-Saghani (d. 990)
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi), 10th century
- Ibn Sahl, 10th century
- Ibn Yunus, 10th century
- Al-Karaji, 10th century
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqi scientist, father of optics,[37] and experimental physics,[38] considered the "first scientist"[39]
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics[40]
- Ibn Sīnā/Seena (Avicenna), 11th century
- Al-Khazini, 12th century
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century
- Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel), 12th century
- Ibn Rushd/Rooshd (Averroes), 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
- Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer, father of robotics[18]
- Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, 13th century
- Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, 16th century
- Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi, 17th century
- Lagari Hasan Çelebi, 17th century
- Sake Dean Mahomet, 18th century
- Abdus Salam, 20th century Pakistani physicist, winner of Nobel Prize in 1979
- Fazlur Khan, 20th century Bangladeshi mechanician
- Mahmoud Hessaby, 20th century Iranian physicist
- Ali Javan, 20th century Iranian physicist
- Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, 20th century Indonesian aerospace engineer and president
- Abdul Kalam, Indian aeronautical engineer, nuclear scientist and the 11th President of India
- Mehran Kardar, Iranian theoretical physicist
- Munir Nayfeh Palestinian-American particle physicist
- Abdul Qadeer Khan, Pakistani metallurgist and nuclear scientist
- Riazuddin, Pakistani theoretical physicist
- Samar Mubarakmand, Pakistani nuclear scientist known for his research in gamma spectroscopy and experimental development of the linear accelerator
- Shahid Hussain Bokhari, Pakistani researcher in the field of parallel and distributed computing
- Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood, Pakistani nuclear engineer and nuclear physicist
- Ali Musharafa, Egyptian nuclear physicist
- Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear physicist
- Munir Ahmad Khan, father of Pakistan's nuclear program
- Kerim Kerimov, founder of Soviet space program, a lead architect behind first human spaceflight (Vostok 1), and the lead architect of the first space stations (Salyut and Mir)[41][42]
- Farouk El-Baz, NASA scientist involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program[43]
- Cumrun Vafa, Iranian theoretical physicist and string theorist
Political scientists
- Taqiuddin al-Nabhani
- Syed Qutb
- Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr
- Abul Ala Maududi
- Hasan al-Turabi
- Hassan al-Banna
- Mohamed Hassanein Heikal
- M. A. Muqtedar Khan
- Rashid al-Ghannushi
- Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Other scientists and inventors
References
- ↑ Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357-377 [375].
- ↑ Saoud, R. "The Arab Contribution to the Music of the Western World" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-01-12.
- ↑ Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357-377 [361]
- ↑ Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib (2005), "Mental health in Islamic medical tradition", The International Medical Journal 4 (2), p. 76-79.
- ↑ Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357-377 [362]
- 1 2 Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357-377 [363].
- 1 2 3 Martin-Araguz, A.; Bustamante-Martinez, C.; Fernandez-Armayor, Ajo V.; Moreno-Martinez, J. M. (2002). "Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine", Revista de neurología 34 (9), p. 877-892.
- ↑ Omar Khaleefa (Summer 1999). "Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?", American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16 (2).
- ↑ Muhammad Iqbal, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, "The Spirit of Muslim Culture"
- ↑ S Safavi-Abbasi, LBC Brasiliense, RK Workman (2007), "The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire", Neurosurgical Focus 23 (1), E13, p. 3.
- ↑ Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Oliver Leaman (1996). History of Islamic Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 315 & 1022–1023. ISBN 0-415-13159-6.
- ↑ G. A. Russell (1994), The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth-Century England, pp. 224-262, Brill Publishers, ISBN 90-04-09459-8.
- 1 2 Theories on Death and Dying, Lines-2,3, in Additional Lifespan Development Topics, page-4, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,Retrieved from http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078883601/680442/Additional_Lifespan_Development_Topics.pdf
- ↑ Md Zakaria Siddique, Reviewing the Phenomenon of Death—A Scientific Effort from the Islamic World, page-1, Death Studies, 2009. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07481180802602824?journalCode=udst20#.Ux1bGKw-bBI
- ↑ Karen Meyers, Robert N. Golden, Fred Peterson. Infobase Publishing, 2009, 106 page. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=V-wan_XhkzcC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=Mohammad+Samir+Hossain
- ↑ John Warren (2005). "War and the Cultural Heritage of Iraq: a sadly mismanaged affair", Third World Quarterly, Volume 26, Issue 4 & 5, p. 815-830.
- ↑ Dr. A. Zahoor (1997). JABIR IBN HAIYAN (Geber). University of Indonesia.
- 1 2 Paul Vallely. How Islamic inventors changed the world, The Independent
- ↑ All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, Nobel Prize
- ↑ Franz Rosenthal (1950). "Al-Asturlabi and as-Samaw'al on Scientific Progress", Osiris 9, p. 555–564 [559].
- 1 2 3 Akbar S. Ahmed (1984). "Al-Beruni: The First Anthropologist", RAIN 60, p. 9-10.
- ↑ Zafarul-Islam Khan, At The Threshold Of A New Millennium – II, The Milli Gazette.
- ↑ Akbar Ahmed (2002). "Ibn Khaldun’s Understanding of Civilizations and the Dilemmas of Islam and the West Today", Middle East Journal 56 (1), p. 25.
- 1 2 3 H. Mowlana (2001). "Information in the Arab World", Cooperation South Journal 1.
- ↑ Mohamad Abdalla (Summer 2007). "Ibn Khaldun on the Fate of Islamic Science after the 11th Century", Islam & Science 5 (1), p. 61-70.
- ↑ Salahuddin Ahmed (1999). A Dictionary of Muslim Names. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 1-85065-356-9.
- 1 2 Dr. S. W. Akhtar (1997). "The Islamic Concept of Knowledge", Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought & Culture 12 (3).
- ↑ I. M. Oweiss (1988), "Ibn Khaldun, the Father of Economics", Arab Civilization: Challenges and Responses, New York University Press, ISBN 0-88706-698-4.
- ↑ Jean David C. Boulakia (1971), "Ibn Khaldun: A Fourteenth-Century Economist", The Journal of Political Economy 79 (5): 1105-1118.
- ↑ Mahbub ul Haq (1995), Reflections on Human Development, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-510193-6.
- ↑ Amartya Sen (2000), "A Decade of Human Development", Journal of Human Development 1 (1): 17-23.
- ↑ [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9051339 Mas'udi, al-." Encyclopædia Britannica, 2006.
- ↑ L. Gari (2002), "Arabic Treatises on Environmental Pollution up to the End of the Thirteenth Century", Environment and History 8 (4), pp. 475-488.
- ↑ Solomon Gandz (1936), "The sources of al-Khwarizmi's algebra", Osiris I, p. 263–277."
- ↑ Serish Nanisetti, Father of algorithms and algebra, The Hindu, June 23, 2006.
- ↑ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Abu'l Hasan ibn Ali al Qalasadi", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.
- ↑ Dr. Mahmoud Al Deek. "Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine", Al Shindagah, November–December 2004.
- ↑ Rüdiger Thiele (2005). "In Memoriam: Matthias Schramm", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 15, p. 329–331. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Al-Khalili, Jim (2009-01-04). "BBC News". BBC News. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ↑ Mariam Rozhanskaya and I. S. Levinova (1996), "Statics", in Roshdi Rashed, ed., Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Vol. 2, p. 614-642 [642], Routledge, London and New York.
- ↑ Peter Bond, Obituary: Lt-Gen Kerim Kerimov, The Independent, 7 April 2003.
- ↑ Betty Blair (1995), "Behind Soviet Aeronauts", Azerbaijan International 3 (3).
- ↑ Farouk El-Baz: With Apollo to the Moon, IslamOnline interview
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