National Jiaotong University

For the university in Taiwan, see National Chiao Tung University.

National Jiaotong University is an educational institution with multiple campuses in China.

History

The National Jiaotong University was initially formed by the merger of three existing institutions, the Railway Management Institute in Beijing, the Nanyang Public School in Shanghai, and the Imperial Chinese Railway College in Tangshan.

In 1896, Nanyang Public School (Chinese: 南洋公學) was founded in Shanghai by an imperial edict issued by Guangxu Emperor, under the Business and Telegraphs Office of the imperial government. In the same year, the Imperial Chinese Railway College was established in Tangshan.

In the 1920s the three schools merged to form the National Jiaotong University, which had three campuses in Beijing, Shanghai and Tangshan, respectively.[1] In 1949, the Beijing campus was renamed North Jiaotong University (Chinese: 北方交通大学). In September, 2003, it was once again renamed Beijing Jiaotong University (Chinese: 北京交通大学) to make its favorable locality explicit. The Shanghai campus later separated into two universities, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Xi'an Jiaotong University.

In 1938, the Ministry of Education took over the university and renamed it National Chiao Tung University (Chinese: 國立交通大學) (the separate institution of National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan, is still known by this name).

By the time that the Japanese surrendered in 1945 neither the Communist Party of China (CPC) nor the Kuomintang KMT trusted each other or were actively cooperating. After American-sponsored attempts to negotiate a coalition government failed in 1946, the Chinese Civil War resumed. The CPC defeated the Nationalists in 1949, forcing Chiang's government to retreat to Taiwan. During the evacuation, a part of faculty and alumni was taken to Taiwan by Chiang Kai-shek, founding National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan in 1958.

After the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. Chiao Tung lost its "National" appellation and became Chiao Tung University to reflect the fact that all universities under the new socialist state would be public.

In the 1950s, the pinyin romanization system was developed in Mainland China and Chiao Tung University changed its English name to Jiao Tong University.

From 1952, the Communist government adopted a policy of creating Soviet-style specialized schools, reshuffling nearly all universities and college to model on Soviet-style higher education. Under this policy, some faculties of the university were incorporated into other universities. At the same time, engineering faculties from outside were absorbed to become a specialized engineering university. A massive rearrangement came in 1956 for the school when the central government ordered the university move to Xi'an, in the western Chinese province of Shaanxi. Afterwards, 60% departments of the university moved to Xi'an, the remaining portion was officially renamed Shanghai Jiao Tong University, SJTU. [2]

Campuses

References

  1. ↑ Richard A. Hartnett, The saga of Chinese higher education from the Tongzhi Restoration to Tiananmen Square (1998), p. 29.
  2. ↑ "2011–12-31 Overview". Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
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