Nilgiri flowerpecker

Nilgiri flowerpecker
Nilgiri flowerpecker feeding on Helicteres isora nectar
Nilgiri Flower Pecker, Hosamata, Puttur, Karnataka, India
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Dicaeidae
Genus: Dicaeum
Species: D. concolor
Binomial name
Dicaeum concolor
Jerdon, 1840
Distribution of members in the species complex

The Nilgiri flowerpecker (Dicaeum concolor) is a tiny bird in the flowerpecker family. Formerly a subspecies of what used to be termed as the plain flowerpecker although that name is now reserved for Dicaeum minullum. Like others of the group, it feeds predominantly on nectar and fruits. They forage within the canopy of forests and are found in India. They are non-migratory and the widespread distribution range includes several populations that are non-overlapping and morphologically distinct, some of which are recognized as full species. They are important pollinators and dispersers of mistletoes in forests.

Description

These birds are tiny (9 cm long) and there is no marked difference between the males and females. It is found in hill forests of the Western Ghats and Nilgiri hills of southern India. It is pale brown on the upperside and the underside is whitish. The whitish brow in front of the eye is wider than in Dicaeum erythrorhynchos. This subspecies has been raised to full species by Pamela Rasmussen. The subspecies found in northeastern India, extending into Myanmar, Laos and southern China is called olivaceum by earlier authors but is treated by Rasmussen and other taxonomists now as a separate species Dicaeum minullum (which includes the population minullum from Hainan Island and is now termed as the plain flowerpecker in the more restricted sense). This is very olive above and the black bill is finer and slightly curved. The population found in the Andaman Islands virescens is also considered a separate species Dicaeum virescens (the Andaman flowerpecker) in the newer treatment. This is bright olive-green on the upperside with dark speckling on the crown. The centre of the belly has a bright patch of pale yellow.[2]

Behaviour and ecology

The Nilgiri flowerpecker is a common resident breeding bird of woodland edges, cultivation and isolated stands of trees, often in hilly country. The call of the Nilgiri flowerpecker is a sharp check or a rapid series of ticks, while the song is a high-pitched trill. The breeding season of concolor in the Nilgiris is January to April possibly with a second brood in May and June.[3] Two or three eggs are laid in a purse-like nest suspended from a tree or bush.[4] Like other flowerpeckers they have a feathery tongue that allows them to sip nectar, but they feed on soft berries as well as small insects.

They are important pollinators and dispersers of mistletoes in tropical forests.[5]

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Dicaeum concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
  2. ↑ Rasmussen PC & JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. pp. 545–546.
  3. ↑ Ali, S & S. D. Ripley (1999). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 10 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 15–16.
  4. ↑ Hume, AO (1890). The nests and eggs of Indian birds. Volume 2. R H Porter. pp. 272–274.
  5. ↑ Devy, M. Soubadra; Davidar, Priya (2003). "Pollination systems of trees in Kakachi, a mid-elevation wet evergreen forest in Western Ghats, India". Am. J. Bot. 90 (4): 650–657. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.4.650.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dicaeum concolor.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/8/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.