NorNed

NorNed

Location of NorNed
Location
Country Norway, Netherlands
Coordinates 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″E / 53.43444°N 6.86583°E / 53.43444; 6.86583 (NorNed - Eemshaven Static Inverter Plant)
58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E / 58.28278°N 6.86528°E / 58.28278; 6.86528 (NorNed - Feda Static Inverter Plant)
General direction north–south
From Feda, Norway
Passes through North Sea
To Eemshaven, Netherlands
Ownership information
Partners Statnett, TenneT
Construction information
Manufacturer of conductor/cable Nexans, ABB
Construction started 2006
Commissioned 2008
Technical information
Type submarine cable
Type of current HVDC
Total length 580 km (360 mi)
Power rating 700 MW
AC Voltage 300 kV (Feda), 400 kV (Eemshaven)
DC Voltage ±450 kV
Number of poles 1[1]

NorNed is a 580-kilometre (360 mi) long high-voltage direct current submarine power cable between Feda in Norway and the seaport of Eemshaven in the Netherlands, which interconnects both countries' electrical grids. It is the longest submarine power cable in the world.[2] Budgeted at €550 million, and completed at a cost of €600m,[3] the NorNed cable is a bipolar HVDC link with a voltage of ±450 kV and a capacity of 700 MW. NorNed is a joint project of the Norwegian transmission system operator Statnett and its Dutch counterpart TenneT; the cable system itself and the two converter stations were produced by ABB.

History

Installation of the first sections was started in early 2006; the final section was laid by the end of 2007. On the Dutch shore, TenneT has connected the cable to the 380 kV Dutch high‑voltage grid. In Feda, Statnett has done the same for the 300 kV Norwegian transmission grid. Commercial operation started on 5 May 2008 with a capacity auction. The first commercial power transfer took place on 6 May 2008.[4]

After two months of operation, the cable generated revenues of approximately €50 million. In the business case drawn up for the NorNed cable, annual revenues were estimated at €64 million.[5]

NorNed has been included in European Market Coupling Company operations as of 12 January 2011.[6] The internal grid in Norway is sometimes not capable of handling enough power for NorNed and Cross-Skagerrak, and capacity for these cables is then artificially limited.[7]

The cable had a fault in 2011, causing 7 weeks out of operation.[8]

Technology

Although classed as a "bipolar" HVDC scheme, the NorNed scheme is unusual for a Line-Commutated (thyristor-based) HVDC scheme since there is just one 12-pulse converter at each end of the scheme, midpoint-grounded at Eemshaven. With voltage-source converter-based HVDC systems, this arrangement with the two high voltage cables at equal and opposite voltages but only a single converter at each end is referred to as a Symmetrical monopole.

Consequently, with a DC voltage of ±450 kV, the converter for the NorNed project has a terminal to terminal DC voltage rating of 900 kV, making it (as of 2012) the highest voltage rating of any HVDC converter in the world. The connection has a loss of 4.2% (95.8% efficiency).[9]

Sites

Site Coordinates
Eemshaven Converter Station 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″E / 53.43444°N 6.86583°E / 53.43444; 6.86583 (NorNed - Eemshaven Converter Station)
Feda Converter Station 58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E / 58.28278°N 6.86528°E / 58.28278; 6.86528 (NorNed - Feda Converter Station)

See also

Dutch cables: BritNed, COBRAcable

Norwegian cables: Cross-Skagerrak

Proposed: NORD.LINK, NorGer, HVDC Norway–UK, Scotland-Norway interconnector

Others: Basslink - second longest submarine power cable.

References

  1. ↑ The NorNed Project (ABB website) Archived June 24, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ↑ Skog, J.E., van Asten, H., Worzyk, T., Andersrød, T., Norned – World’s longest power cable, CIGRÉ session, Paris, 2010, paper reference B1-106.
  3. ↑ NorNed operational NorNed, 6 May 2008. Retrieved: 23 August 2010. Archived July 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ "NorNed auction expected to start Monday May 5" (Press release). TenneT. 2008-04-28. Retrieved 2008-05-05. Archived July 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ↑ "NorNed cable off to a promising start" (Press release). TenneT. 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-07-21. Archived August 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ "Marketcoupling on NorNed-cable" (Press release). TenneT. 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2011-01-15. Archived July 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ↑ Lie, Øyvind. "Statnett forsvarer struping av Norned"(Norwegian) Teknisk Ukeblad, 17 January 2014. Accessed: 12 January 2015.
  8. ↑ "NorNed Interconnector - Cable Repair". Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  9. ↑ Skog et al. NorNed – World’s longest power cable page 10
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