Northern Lights (pipeline)

Northern Lights
Location of Northern Lights
Location
Country	Russia, Belarus
General direction	nourth-south-west
From	Urengoy gas field
Passes through	Vuktyl, Ukhta, Gryazovets, Torzhok, Smolensk, Minsk
Runs alongside	Yamal–Europe pipeline
General information
Type	natural gas
Operator	Gazprom, Beltransgaz
Commissioned	1985
Technical information
Length	7,377 km (4,584 mi)
Maximum discharge	51 billion cubic meters per year

Northern Lights (Russian: Сияние северa) is a natural gas pipeline system in Russia and Belarus. It is one of the main pipelines supplying north-western Russia and is an important transit route for Russian gas to Europe.^[1]

History

The Northern Lights pipeline system was built in the Soviet Union from the 1960s to 1980s. Construction of the Vuktyl–Ukhta–Gryazovets–Torzhok section started in 1967 and was completed in 1969. By 1974, the pipeline had been extended to Minsk.^[2] The second main trunk line was added during the 1970s and by 1985, a third main trunk line had been built.^[3] Originally, gas was supplied by the Vukhtyl gas field, but later the pipeline was extended in order to connect with the Urengoy gas field.

Technical description

Gas pipelines from Russia to Europe

The Northern Lights pipeline system has a total length of 7,377 kilometres (4,584 mi), of which around 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) is used to transport Russian gas to Europe. The pipeline runs from the Urengoy gas field through Vuktyl, Ukhta, Gryazovets, Torzhok and Smolensk to Minsk in Belarus and from there to Poland, Ukraine and Lithuania.^[1]^[2]^[4] A part of the newer Yamal–Europe pipeline runs parallel to the Northern Lights pipeline.^[1] A branch line from Gryazovets through Saint Petersburg to Vyborg supplies the Saint Petersburg area and Finland. A third parallel line will be added to this branch to supply the Nord Stream pipeline. In Torzhok, the Northern Lights pipeline intersects with the Moscow–Saint Petersburg pipeline supplying the Saint Petersburg area, Latvia and Estonia. The Minsk–Vilnius–Kaliningrad branch line supplies Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast while the Ivatsevichy-Dolyna branch line supplies Ukraine and the Kobrin-Brest-Warsaw branch line supplies Poland.

The system from Torzhok to the West consists of five major trunk pipelines:^[1]^[5]

Route	Length	Strings	Capacity	Diameter	Built in
Torzhok-Minsk-Ivatsevichy	454 km	3	45 bcm/year	1200 mm	1975–1983
Ivatsevichy-Dolyna (to Ukraine)	146 km	2		1220 mm	1976/1981
Kobrin-Brest-Warsaw (to Poland)	87 km	1		1020 mm	1985
Minsk-Vilnius (to Kaliningrad and Lithuania)	196 km	1		1220 mm	1988
Torzhok-Dolyna (to Ukraine)	364 km	1		1420 mm	1994
Source:^[1]

This part of the system has 6 compressors stations. Its technical input capacity is 51 billion cubic meters (bcm) per year; however, due to the age of the pipeline system, its operational capability is estimated to be 46-48 bcm per year. In 2007, it transported 39 bcm of gas; 20.6 bcm to Belarus for domestic supply and 18.4 bcm for transit to Europe. The total amount of Russian gas transmitted through Belarus to Europe was 70.1 bcm in 2007.^[1]

Ownership

The Russian section of the pipeline system is a part of the unified gas system of Russia and is owned and operated by Gazprom. The pipeline section on the territory of Belarus became Belarusian property after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and is now owned and operated by Beltransgaz.^[1]

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Yafimava, Katja (2009). "Belarus: the domestic gas market and relations with Russia". In Pirani, Simon. Russian and CIS Gas Markets and their Impact on Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-955454-6.
1 2 Dienes, Leslie; Shabad, Theodore (1979). The Soviet energy system: resource use and policies. New York: V.H. WinstonNorthern Lights. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-470-26629-8.
↑ International petroleum encyclopedia. 16. New York: PennWell Pub. Co. 1985. p. 196.
↑ Dahl, Carol Ann (2004). International energy markets: understanding pricing, policies, and profits. New York: PennWell Books. p. 263. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
↑ "Belarus Gas Pipelines". East European Gas Analysis. 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2009-10-19.

Pipeline systems of Russia by year of launch

Gas pipelines	Saratov–Moskva pipeline (1946) Northern Lights (1975–1994) Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhgorod pipeline (1983) Yamal–Europe pipeline (1997) Blue Stream (2003) Dzuarikau–Tskhinvali pipeline (2009) Baku–Novo Filya pipeline (2010) Bovanenkovo–Ukhta (2011) Nord Stream (2011–2012) Sakhalin–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline (2011–2012) Central Asia–Center (1960–1988; 2011–2012) Altai gas pipeline South Stream (cancelled) Turk Stream Power of Siberia (2019)

Petrol pipelines	Grozny–Tuapse oil pipeline (1928) Tikhoretsk–Tuapse pipeline (1962) Druzhba pipeline (1964) Uzen–Atyrau–Samara pipeline (1971) Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline (1997) Baltic Pipeline System (2001) Caspian Pipeline Consortium (2004) Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline (2010) Baltic Pipeline System-II (2012–2013) Murmansk Pipeline (unknown date)

Other pipelines	Ammonia: Tolyatti–Odessa pipeline

See also: Water pipe

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