O'Hara's Tower

O'Hara's Tower
O'Hara's Folly
Part of Fortifications of Gibraltar
Upper Rock Nature Reserve, Gibraltar

1865 Model of Gibraltar depicting O'Hara's Tower at top left.
O'Hara's Tower
Coordinates 36°07′26″N 5°20′34″W / 36.123845°N 5.342880°W / 36.123845; -5.342880
Type Watchtower
Site history
Built 1787-1791
Materials Stone, Iron
Demolished 1888

O'Hara's Tower was a watchtower in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It was located at the highest point of the Rock of Gibraltar, at what is now O'Hara's Battery, near the southern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve. Initially known as St. George's Tower, it was constructed in the late 18th century on the order of then Lieutenant Governor Charles O'Hara, under the presumption that it would be useful in observing the enemy at the Port of Cadiz. Not only was it unsuccessful, it was struck by lightning shortly after it was built, and remained in ruins for much of the 19th century until its demolition in 1888. It came to be known as O'Hara's Tower and was frequently referred to as O'Hara's Folly.

History

O'Hara's Tower was in Gibraltar, the British Overseas Territory at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula.[1][2] The watchtower was located at the summit of the Rock of Gibraltar near what is now O'Hara's Battery in the southern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, at an altitude of 426 metres (1,398 ft).[3][4][5] It was positioned at the southern terminus of the current O'Hara's Road, known as O'Hara's Point.[6][7] Formerly referred to as St. George's Tower, it came to be known as O'Hara's Tower or, frequently, O'Hara's Folly.[8][9]

O'Hara's Tower, Gibraltar by George Lothian Hall [10]

The tower had first been proposed by General Charles O'Hara, then Lieutenant Governor, who served as Governor of Gibraltar from 1795 to 1802.[3][11][12] He was notorious for having surrendered to both George Washington and Napoleon Bonaparte, at Yorktown (1781) and Toulon (1793), respectively.[13][14][15] O'Hara had been of the opinion that a tower at The Rock's summit would enable the garrison to observe the activity of the Spanish fleet at the Port of Cadiz, about 60 miles (97 km) away.[4][5][11] He was alone in this belief; despite this, with persistence, he succeeded in having the tower built.[4][12] It was constructed of hewn stone and iron between 1787 and 1791.[8][16][17]

However, others' concerns were justified, as it turned out that Cadiz was not visible from the tower due to the elevation of intervening mountains.[9][12] Not long after the tower's construction, it was hit by lightning during a violent storm and severely damaged. One of the tower's sentinels died in the lightning strike.[8][12][17] By 1811 the tower had garnered the nickname of "O'Hara's Folly", bestowed by the garrison.[8][11][17] O'Hara's Tower was in ruins through much of the remainder of the 19th century.[12][17]

Demolition

O'Hara's Tower had been scheduled for demolition in 1888.[4][5][11] The details of its demolition vary slightly. In one account, the tower came down that year as a result of target practice by the crew of HMS Wasp.[5] In another, there was a bet between the gunners of the garrison and the officers of HMS Wasp. The men of HMS Wasp adjusted their guns such that they were able to target at a high elevation, and brought down the tower with their sixth shot.[4] Following demolition of the tower, O'Hara's Battery was constructed on the same site, with the first 6-inch breech-loading gun installed on a Vavasseur mounting in 1890.[18]

References

  1. ↑ "List of Crown Dependencies & Overseas Territories". fco.gov.uk. Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  2. ↑ Roach, John (10 October 2006). "Neandertals' Last Stand was in Gibraltar, Study Suggests". National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  3. 1 2 "O'Hara's Battery becomes visitor attraction". Gibraltar news from Panorama. 20 May 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "O'Hara's Battery". aboutourrock.com. About Our Rock. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Historical Gibraltar Attractions (continued) - O'Hara's Battery". gibraltarinformation.com. Gibraltarinformation.com. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  6. ↑ "Gibraltar Heritage Trust Act 1989" (PDF). gibraltarlaws.gov.gi. Government of Gibraltar. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  7. ↑ "Map of O'Hara's Tower". maps.google.com. Google Maps. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Phillips, Sir Richard (1811). The Monthly magazine, Volume 31. Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper. p. 430. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  9. 1 2 "The People of Gibraltar - 1794 - A Motley Population". Neville Chipulina. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  10. ↑ 1825-1888 from Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection
  11. 1 2 3 4 "The Mediterranean Steps – Are You Up For The Challenge?". yourgibraltartv.com. Your Gibraltar TV. 24 February. Retrieved 21 October 2012. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Alden, Henry Mills (1877). Harper's new monthly magazine, Volume 55. Harper & Brothers. p. 78. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
  13. ↑ Babits, Lawrence E; Howard, Joshua B (15 March 2009). Long, Obstinate, and Bloody: The Battle of Guilford Courthouse. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 195–196. ISBN 9780807832660. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  14. ↑ Moran, Donald N. "King George III's Soldiers Brigadier General Charles O'Hara". revolutionarywararchives.org. Sons of Liberty Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  15. ↑ "This Day in History - Oct 19, 1781: Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown". history.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  16. ↑ "Government of Gibraltar". gibraltar.gov.uk. Government of Gibraltar. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  17. 1 2 3 4 The Friend, Volume 7. The Friend. 1834. p. 338. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  18. ↑ "Gun exterior (A)". discovergibraltar.com. DiscoverGibraltar.com (Click Upper Rock Nature Reserve, O'Hara's Battery). Retrieved 21 October 2011.
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