Operation Cocoon

Operation Cocoon was the operation launched by the Special Task Force of Tamil Nadu Police in 2004 to nab the forest brigand Veerappan and his associates, who were dominant in Sathyamangalam Forest in the border of the South Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. It finally resulted in the killing of Veerappan.^[1]

The operation was headed by the then Additional Director General of Police, K.Vijay Kumar IPS. Veerappan was shot dead in the operation on 18 October 2004 along with three of his associates, Sethukuli Govinda, Chandre Gowda and Sethumani, while four policemen were injured.

Background

Location of Operation Cocoon in Nilgiris
Location of Operation Cocoon in Nilgiris Location in Tamil Nadu, India
Coordinates: 11°38′24″N 77°13′34″E / 11.64000°N 77.22611°E / 11.64000; 77.22611

Veerappan had defied the state governments of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala and Indian Border security paramilitary forces for nearly twenty years, and maintained a small army, which at one point numbered hundreds. He was also wanted for poaching about 2000 elephants and smuggling ivory worth US$2,600,000 and about 10,000 tonnes of sandalwood worth approximately US$22,000,000. He was also wanted for killing approximately 184 people, about half of whom were police officers, including senior police and forest officials.

The joint Special Task Force (STF) operation of Veerappan, constituted in 1991 by the state governments of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, is considered one of the costliest in Indian history, consuming ₹1 billion over the years.

Veerappan (Koose Muniswamy Veerappan,^[2] 18 January 1952 – 18 October 2004), also called "Sandalwood Veerappan", was an Indian bandit (also called a dacoit in India) who was active for years in scrub and forest lands covering about 6,000 km² in the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. For over a decade, Veerappan defied the state governments of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala and Indian Border security paramilitary forces, and maintained a small army, which at one point numbered hundreds. He was wanted for killing approximately 184 people, about half of whom were police officers, including senior police and forest officials.^[3] During his video interview with Nakkeeran editor R. Gopal, he confessed to the 120 murders he committed. While his initial days of dacoity were restricted to satisfying his financial needs, his later actions included demand of release of militants from jail in exchange of the hostages.^[4]

Veerappan first came in news when he murdered Chidambaram, a forest officer who was against his illegal trade. In 1991, he shot P Srinivas, a Karnataka Deputy Conservator of Forests and beheaded in a Kali temple. During the subsequent years, he killed tens of police officers and tribal people, whom he felt, were against his illegal trade. In 1997, he kidnapped Karnataka forest officers and after lot of negotiations with Nakkeeran editor Gopal, he released them. In the same year, he kidnapped 21 tourists, but later released them without any harm.^[5] He came to national limelight when he kidnapped the Kannada actor Rajkumar during 2000.^[6][7] His last big crime was in 2000, when he abducted Nagapppa, a retired minister of Karnataka. Nagappa was found dead in the forest later, but Veerappan denied his killing.^[5] He was also wanted for poaching about 200 elephants and smuggling ivory worth US$2,600,000 and about 10,000 tonnes of sandalwood worth approximately US$22,000,000. A reward of ₹50 million (US$740,000) was offered for Veerappan's capture, yet he evaded arrest for 20 years until he was killed by police in 2004.^[8]

The operation

Veerappan leading his gang

The joint Special Task Force (STF) operation of Veerappan, constituted in 1991 by the state governments of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, is considered one of the costliest in Indian history, consuming ₹1 billion over the years.^[5] The operation involved infiltration by the police men into enemy camp with the help of tribal people. Since Veerappan was aware of the terrain of the forest, it was planned to bring him out of the forest.^[9] As per the report of police, the report was planned for ten months, the execution took 3 weeks and the final operation lasted only 45 minutes.^[10]

As part of the operation, during the initial months of 2004, STF personnel infiltrated the villages where Veerappan was said to be roaming as hawkers, masons and local service staff. Down the years, due to ageing and others getting killed, Veerappan's troop was reportedly reduced to four men, however this has not been confirmed. Veerapan was planning to take a medical treatment for his eye in South Arcot and was planning to flee out of the forest.^[5]

On the day of the operation, Veerapan was escorted out of the forest to the ambulance stationed at Papirappati village in Dharmapuri district, which was a police vehicle, by one of the police who earlier infiltrated his gang. A 35 member troop was stationed in the village, a few security men were hiding in security tankers in the road and others were hiding in the bushes. The driver of the ambulance, who was also a policeman, made an escape. As per police report, Veerappan and his gang were first warned and then asked to surrender, which was denied and the gang started firing at the STF personnel. The STF retaliated by firing grenades and gun fire. Veerappan was killed on the spot, while his gangmen died on the ambulance taking them to the government hospital. After the operation, the STF recovered 12 bore Remington pump action gun, two AK-47, a self-loading rifle, two hand grenades and cash worth ₹3.5 lakhs.^[11]

The file photograph released by the police indicated three bullet shots on him, one each in forehead, hip and ribs. His body was kept in the Dharampuri hospital where scores of people came in to view his body, though they were not allowed to. Police found it difficult to control the crowd outside the hospital.^[4] There was a brief controversy about the burial as the wife of Veerappan, Muthulakshmi, was against cremation and wanted it to be placed in the house of Veerappan's brother. They also claimed that the right to perform the final rites rested with the family.^[12]

Controversies

The operation of killing Veerappan raised various controversies. It was alleged that the person who got killed in the encountered was not Veerappan as he used to have a bigger mustache. This was resolved by B.Vaikunth, the former DG Police in his letter to the Hindu. Vaikunth reiterated that the police established Veerappan's identity in line with normal police protocol - with fingerprints, birth marks and also with confirmation with his relatives.^[13] The nature of the gunshots were alleged to be mismatching with the version narrated by the police involved in the encounter. Later, it was proven from the post mortem reports and ballistic experts that it matched the version of the narration.^[10]

Some sections of the media claimed that Veerappan could have been captured alive and that he was murdered only for political reasons. They also claimed that capturing him alive and subjecting him to trial could have brought out several unknown truth. But it was clarified by the police that fire had to be opened for retaliation, as Veerappan's men started firing on them. There were also outcry from human rights activists that Veerappan was not given a fair chance to justify himself.^[9]

Aftermath

All the police officers involved in the operation were rewarded by the Tamil Nadu government. Some of the officers who were directly involved in the operation received double promotion. His life and the operation was an inspiration of two Bollywood movies. A 125 episode tele serial named Santhanakadu on the life of the brigand was telecast in Makkal TV in 2007 and it drew lot of controversy. Veerappan's widow, Muthulakshmi, filed a case in a sessions court against the telecast as it would demean her family, but lost the case.^[14] Jungle Lodges and Resorts Limited, a Karnataka government undertaking, launched 11 new jungle camps during 2010, with one of them covering Gopinatham, where Veerappan lived. The tourism involved trek through the vast BR and MM hills and a narration of the places where Veerapan lived and held people in hostage by a trained local guide.^[15] K Vijaya Kumar was awarded the President's gallantry medal in 2005 for the operation.^[16] In 2016, Ram Gopal Varma directed, a docudrama film Killing Veerappan, highlighting the role of K Vijay Kumar, and N. K. Senthamarai Kannan in the operation.^[17][18]

In Popular media

• The Kannada film Attahasa is based on Operation Cocoon. It was directed by AMR Ramesh with DGP K.Vijaya Kumar played by Arjun Sarja.
• In 2016, DGP S.Vijaya Kumar revealed that he was writing a book penning down his first hand account of the operation. After the operation, Kumar became the Chief of the CRPF and currently serves as Senior Security Advisor to the Home Ministry of India. Kumar said that he would not reveal any names in the book, but rather would focus on incidents that had led to the killing of Veerappan.^[10]

Notes

References