Owen Swift

Owen Swift "The Wonder", A. Clark, 19th century. Oil on canvas, private collection.
The Fight between Hammer Lane and Owen Swift (1834) as imagined by Famous Fights: Past and Present, No. 52, early 1900s.
Arranging a fight at Owen Swift's, Illustrated Sporting News and Theatrical and Musical Review, 1863.

Owen Swift (1814–1879) was a British bare-knuckle prize fighter, who killed three men in boxing bouts. The death of "Brighton Bill" in one particularly savage 85-round bout in 1838, and Swift's subsequent conviction for manslaughter, led to the adoption of the London Prize Ring Rules.

Career

His 1 June 1837 fight with Israel "London Izzy" Lazarus (the father of Harry Lazarus) is recounted in detail in Frank Lewis Dowling's 1855 book, Fights for the Championship; and Celebrated Prize Battles; Or Accounts of All the Prize Battles for the Championship &c.[1] Swift was the outsider, and at odds of 6 to 4, bet on himself to win. Swift was much the lighter man, at no more than nine stone (57 kg; 130 lb) in weight, with "not an ounce of superfluous flesh on his ribs". The odds on both fighters changed many times, and each was "within an ace of losing". The fight lasted 113 rounds, two hours and fifteen minutes, and Lazarus was "dreadfully punished", and it was his last ever fight.[1]

After one of his fights in 1838, which lasted 85 rounds and 95 minutes, Swift's opponent, William Phelps, known as "Brighton Bill", died.[2][3] The fight took place at Melbourne Heath, Essex, in front of a crowd of about 3,000. Phelps — who had already killed a man — became the third man Swift killed.[2] Bets were taken that neither man would survive for long after the fight; Swift was very badly beaten, making his eventual recovery doubtful.[2]

After the coroner's inquest, Swift was tried and found guilty of manslaughter, as were three of the organisers.[2] In 1839, The Annual Register described the fight as "one of the most savage 'pieces of sport' that has disgraced the country for several years".[2]

This event led to the rules of boxing being rewritten.[3] The London Prize Ring Rules were introduced by the Pugilists's Protective Association and replaced Broughton's rules of 1743.[4] There were 29 rules, built on Broughton's rules, but with more depth and detail.[4] These rules more clearly defined the range of fouls and introduced certain safety measures.

Swift's last two fights were both with Jack Adams, on 5 June and 5 September 1838, both in France. Swift won both fights.[1] Afterwards, Swift became a tavern owner, running the Horse Shoe in Tichborne Street (now Glasshouse Street), Soho, London.[1]

In 1840, Swift published The Hand-book to Boxing, which was a defence of the sport, a history of boxing, a guide for spectators, and advice on how to train and fight.[5][6]

Death

Swift died in 1879. He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery.[3]

Homonym

Another professional boxer active in 1931–1932, Forest Hall, also used the name Owen Swift.[7]

Publications

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Dowling, Frank Lewis (1855). Fights for the Championship; and Celebrated Prize Battles; Or Accounts of All the Prize Battles for the Championship From the Days of Figg and Broughton to the Present Time; &c. London: Bell's Life. pp. 354–362. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 The Annual Register, Or A View of the History and Politics of the Year 1838. London: J.G. & F. Rivington. 1839. pp. 40–41. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 Paths of Glory. London: Friends of Kensal Green Cemetery, FOKGC. 1997. p. 96.
  4. 1 2 Barry Jordan (23 November 1992). Medical Aspects of Boxing. CRC Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-8493-4281-3. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  5. ↑ Carter Wood, J. (2004). Violence and crime in nineteenth-century England: The shadow of our refinement. London: Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 1-134-33246-7. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  6. ↑ Swift, Owen (1840). The Hand-Book to Boxing; Being a Complete Instructor in the Art of Self-Defence, with a Complete Chronology of the Ring From the Days of Fig and Broughton to November 1840 (PDF). London: Nicholson. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  7. ↑ Templeton, Miles. "Owen Swift (Forest Hall)". boxinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  8. ↑ Swift, Owen (1830). The modern English boxer,: Or, Scientific art and practice of attack & self defence explained in an easy manner that any person may comprehend this useful ... descriptions of correct pugilistic attitudes. H. Hewitt. ASIN B0008BDZSK. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  9. ↑ Swift, Owen (1885). Owen Swift's boxing without a master, or, The art of self defence. New York: Henry J. Wehman. Retrieved 12 September 2015.

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