Papyrus 75

Papyrus 75
New Testament manuscript papyri uncials minuscules lectionaries

Name	P. Bodmer XIV-XV
Sign	${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵
Text	Luke 3:18-24:53 + John 1-15 (extensive portions of,)
Date	175-225 (Martin and Kasser), late third century-early fourth century (Orsini), fourth century (Nongbri)
Script	Greek
Found	Pabau, Egypt
Now at	Vatican Library, Rome
Cite	V. Martin, R. Kasser, Papyrus Bodmer XIV-XV
Size	26 cm x 13 cm
Type	Alexandrian text-type
Category	I
Note	very close to P⁶⁶, B, 0162

Papyrus 75 ( ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵, Papyrus Bodmer XIV-XV) is an early Greek New Testament papyrus. It is generally described as "the most significant" papyrus of the New Testament to be discovered so far.^[1] This evaluation of the manuscript is a result of the early date that has usually been assigned to it (circa 175-225 CE) and the fact that its text so closely resembles that of the fourth century Codex Vaticanus, but the early date of ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵, and therefore its importance for the textual criticism of the New Testament, has recently been called into question.^[2]

Description

${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵ was discovered in the 1950s and once belonged to the Swiss book collector Martin Bodmer (thus its original designation, P.Bodmer XIV-XV). It was sold in 2006 and donated to the Vatican Library, which now refers to the manuscript as “Hanna Papyrus 1 (Mater Verbi).” ^[3] Originally '[it] contained about 144 pages ... of which 102 have survived, either in whole or in part.'^[4] It 'contains about half the text of ... two Gospels'^[5] – Luke (Papyrus Bodmer XIV) and John (Papyrus Bodmer XV) in Greek. It was originally assigned on the basis of its handwriting to circa 175-225 CE, but it has recently been shown that handwriting very similar to that of ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵ was still in use in the fourth century.^[6] In any event, ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵ is one of the earliest manuscripts (along with ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁴)^[7] of the Gospel of Luke. 'The surviving fragment contains Luke 3:18-24:53 ...'^[7]^[8] An unusual feature of this codex is that when the Gospel of Luke ends, the Gospel of John begins on the same page.^[9]

It lacks text of Christ's agony at Gethsemane (Luke 22:43–44)^[10] and Pericope Adulterae.

It uses a staurogram in Luke 14:27.

Text

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Kurt Aland placed it in Category I.^[11] The text is closer to Codex Vaticanus than to Codex Sinaiticus. Agreement between ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵ and codex B is 92% in John,^[12] and 94% in Luke.^[13] It concurs with ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ¹¹¹.^[14]

According to Kurt Aland, ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵ is the key for understanding the primitive textual history of New Testament,^[15] but recently Brent Nongbri has argued that restricting the date of ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵ to the late second or early third century is not realistic, and that the similarity of the text of ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵ to that of Codex Vaticanus might be better explained by considering both books as products of the fourth century.^[16]

Textual variants

In Luke 8:21 it reads αυτον instead of αυτους; the reading is supported by Minuscule 705 and Codex Veronensis.^[17]

In Luke 11:4, the phrase αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (but deliver us from evil) is omitted. The omission of this phrase is also supported by the following manuscripts: Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Codex Regius, f¹, 700, vg, syr^s, cop^{sa, bo}, arm, geo.^[18]

In Luke 16:19 the manuscript reads Ανθρωπος δε τις ην πλουσιος, ονοματι Ν[ιν]ευης, και ενεδιδυσκετο "There was a rich man, with the name N[in]eue, who clothed himself",^[19] This reading has support from the Sahidic version and the two Greek minuscule manuscripts 36 and 37, in addition to a scholion of uncertain date have ευρον δε τινες και του πλουσιου εν τισιν αντιγραφοις τουνομα Νινευης λεγομενον.^[20]

Luke 22:43-44 is omitted, as in codices א*, A, B, T, 1071.^[21]

In Luke 23:34, ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵ has omitted the words: "And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do." This omission is supported by the manuscripts Sinaiticus^a, B, D*, W, Θ, 0124, 1241, it^{a, d}, syr^s, cop^sa, cop^bo.^[22]

Luke 24:26

δοξαν – majority of mss

βασιλειαν –

{\mathfrak {P}}

⁷⁵^[23]

John 10:7

η θυρα (door) – majority

ο ποιμην (shepherd) –

{\mathfrak {P}}

⁷⁵ cop^sa cop^ac^[24]

The manuscript also lacks the Pericope of the Adulteress, usually placed in Translations at John 7:53-8:11. This omission is supported by the manuscripts Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus and ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁶⁶.

References

↑ Aland and Aland, The Text of the New Testament (1989), p. 244
↑ Nongbri, "Reconsidering the Place of Papyrus Bodmer XIV–XV ( ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵) in the Textual Criticism of the New Testament" and Orsini, "I papiri Bodmer: scritture e libri," 77
↑ http://evangelicaltextualcriticism.blogspot.com/2015/02/a-new-name-for-p75.html
↑ Metzger+Ehrman (2005),p.58
↑ Bodmer Papyrus 14-15 arrives at the Vatican
↑ Nongbri, "Reconsidering the Place of Papyrus Bodmer XIV–XV ( ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵) in the Textual Criticism of the New Testament"
1 2 Gregory (2003) p.28
↑ Wilker
↑ Edwards (1976), p. 194
↑ Nestle, Eberhard et Erwin; communiter ediderunt: B. et K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger (2001). Novum Testamentum Graece (27 ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. p. 235. ISBN 978-3-438-05100-4. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
↑ Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
↑ S. A. Edwards, P75 Under the Magnifying Glass, Novum Testamentum, XVIII, fasc. 3, pp. 211-212.
↑ Gordon D. Fee, ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵, ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁶⁶, and Origen: The Myth of Early Textual Recension in Alexandria, in: E. J. Epp & G. D. Fee, Studies in the Theory & Method of NT Textual Criticism, Wm. Eerdmans (1993), pp. 247-273.
↑ Philip W. Comfort, Encountering the Manuscripts. An Introduction to New Testament Paleography & Textual Criticism, Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2005, p. 76.
↑ Reconsidering ${\mathfrak {P}}$ 75 in the Frame of a Various Egyptian Tradition
↑ Nongbri, "Reconsidering the Place of Papyrus Bodmer XIV–XV ( ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵) in the Textual Criticism of the New Testament"
↑ NA26, p. 181
↑ UBS3, p. 256.
↑ Philip Comfort, The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts (2001), p. 551.
↑ Bruce M. Metzger, The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations, Clarendon Press: Oxford 1977, p. 136.
↑ UBS3, p. 305.
↑ UBS4, p. 311.
↑ NA26, p. 244
↑ NA26, p. 282

Bibliography

V. Martin, R. Kasser, Papyrus Bodmer XIV-XV: Evangiles de Luc et Jean, Vol. 1, Papyrus Bodmer XIV: Evangile de Luc chap. 3-24; vol. 2, Papyrus Bodmer XV: Evangile de Jean chap. 1-15, Cologny-Geneva: Biblioteca Bodmeriana, 1961.
B. Nongbri, "Reconsidering the Place of Papyrus Bodmer XIV–XV ( ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵) in the Textual Criticism of the New Testament," Journal of Biblical Literature 135, no. 2 (2016): 405–437
P. Orsini, "I papiri Bodmer: scritture e libri," Adamantius 21 (2015), 60-78
K. Aland and B. Aland, The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, 2nd rev. ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995)
Gregory, A. The Reception of Luke and Acts in the Period Before Irenaeus, Mohr Siebeck, (2003) ISBN 3-16-148086-4, p. 28
Metzger, Bruce Manning; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The text of the New Testament: its transmission, corruption, and restoration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 58–9. ISBN 978-0-19-516122-9.
Aland, Kurt (2009). "Neue Neutestamentliche Papyri III". New Testament Studies. 22 (04): 375–96. doi:10.1017/S0028688500010080.
Comfort, Philip W.; David P. Barrett (2001). The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers. pp. 501–608. ISBN 978-0-8423-5265-9.

Images

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Papyrus Bodmer XIV-XV.

Image of a page of Papyrus 75 (accessed 2007-09-26)

External links

Edwards, SA (1976), Sarah Alexander Edwards, P75 under the Magnifying Glass, Novum Testamentum, Vol. 18, Fasc. 3. (Jul., 1976), pp. 190–212.
Waltz, Robert B. NT Manuscripts: Papyri, Papyri ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁷⁵.
Bodmer Papyrus 14-15 arrives at the Vatican (accessed 2007-09-26)
Willker, Wieland. A Textual Commentary on the Greek Gospels, (undated+unfinished)

New Testament papyri

{\mathfrak {P}}

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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
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24
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27
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33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58=33
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67=64
68
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75
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