Paratrichodorus
| Paratrichodorus | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nematoda |
| Class: | Enoplea |
| Subclass: | Enoplia |
| Order: | Triplonchida |
| Suborder: | Diphtherophorina |
| Superfamily: | Diphtherophoroidea |
| Family: | Trichodoridae |
| Genus: | Paratrichodorus Siddiqi, 1974[1] |
| Type species | |
| Paratrichodorus tunisiensis Siddiqi | |
| Species | |
| |
Paratrichodorus is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae family (trichorids), being one of five genera.[2] They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors.[3] The females are didelphic (two genital tracts), and are distributed worldwide.[4]
Taxonomy
Historically, Trichodorus formed the only genus in the Trichodoridae family. Then Trichodorus was split into two genera in 1974 by Siddiqi,[1] Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. The genus, which is the second largest in the family consists of 34 species.[4] Siddiqi based the separation on the position of the gland nuclei and the type of pharyngo-intestinal junction.
Subdivision
Using the same characteristics as those establishing the genus, Siddiqi described three subgenera, Paratrichodorus, Atlantadorus and Nanidorus, but Decraemer did not support the validity of this.[5] While the latter approach has not been accepted by some authorities,[5] Siddiqi elevated them to genus status in 1980,[6][7] an approach that few other authors have followed,[8] but maintained by that author,[9] and now receiving some support from modern molecular approaches to taxonomy. At least in the case of Nanidorus, phylogenetic analysis has supported its recognition as a separate genus, although clustering with Trichodorus rather than its parent Paratrichodorus.[8][10]
Plant pathology
Trichorids became of interest in 1951.[11] At that time Trichodorus christie (=Paratrichodorus minor) was recognised as a pest of crops in Florida.[12]
References
- 1 2 Siddiqi, M.R. (1974). "Systematics of the genus Trichodorus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), with descriptions of three new species". Nematologica. 19: 259–278.
- ↑ Order Triplochida: Paratrichodorus Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012.
- ↑ Decraemer 1995.
- 1 2 Wilfrida Decraemer and R. T. Robbins. The Who, What and Where of Longidoridae and Trichodoridae. J Nematol v.39(4); 2007 Dec PMC2586508
- 1 2 Decraemer, W. 1980. Systematics of the Trichodoridae (Nematoda) with keys to their species. Revue. Nematol. 3(1): 81-99.
- ↑ SIDDIQI, M.R. (1980). On the generic status of Atlantadorus Siddiqi, 1974 and Nanidorus Siddiqi, 1974 (Nematoda: Trichodoridae). Systematic Parasitology 1, 151-152.
- ↑ Decraemer 1995, p. 10.
- 1 2 Duarte et al. 2010.
- ↑ SIDDIQI, M.R. (2002). Ecuadorus equatorius gen. n., sp. and Nanidorus mexicanus sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichodoridae). International Journal of Nematology 12, 197-202.
- ↑ Kumari & Subbotin 2012.
- ↑ CHRISTIE, J. R. & PERRY, V. G. (1951). Removing nematodes from soil. Proc. helm. Soc. Wasb. 18: 106-108.
- ↑ Decraemer 1995, p. 3.
Bibliography
- Blaxter, Mark L.; De Ley, Paul; Garey, James R.; Liu, Leo X.; Scheldeman, Patsy; Vierstraete, Andy; Vanfleteren, Jacques R.; Mackey, Laura Y.; Dorris, Mark; Frisse, Linda M.; Vida, J. T.; Thomas, W. Kelley (5 March 1998). "A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda". Nature. 392 (6671): 71–75. doi:10.1038/32160. PMID 9510248. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- Lee, Donald L, ed. (2010). The biology of nematodes. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0415272114. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- De Ley, P & Blaxter, M 2004, 'A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa'. in R Cook & DJ Hunt (eds), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. vol. 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 633–653.
- Decraemer, W. (1995). The family Trichodoridae: stubby root and virus vector nematodes. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0792337735. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
- Zuckerman, B.N.; Mai, W.F.; Rohde, R.A., eds. (1971). Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Volume I. Morphology, Anatomy, Taxonomy, and Ecology. Oxford: Elsevier Science. ISBN 0323154247. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
- Perry, Roland N.; Moens, Maurice, eds. (2013). Plant nematology (2 ed.). Boston, MA: CABI. ISBN 1780641516. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- Duarte, Isabel; Neilson, Roy; Decraemer, Wilfrida; Brown, Derek; de Almeida, Maria Teresa M.; Marques (1 February 2010). "Phylogenetic relationships, based on SSU rDNA sequences, among the didelphic genera of the family Trichodoridae from Portugal". Nematology. 12 (2): 171–180. doi:10.1163/156854109X461721. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- Kumari, S.; Subbotin, S. A. (December 2012). "Molecular characterization and diagnostics of stubby root and virus vector nematodes of the family Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Triplonchida) using ribosomal RNA genes". Plant Pathology. 61 (6): 1021–1031. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02598.x. Retrieved 16 December 2014.