Patrick Gass

Patrick Gass

Patrick Gass
Born (1771-06-12)June 12, 1771
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Died April 2, 1870(1870-04-02) (aged 98)
Wellsburg, West Virginia, U.S.
Spouse(s) Maria Hamilton (1831-1846; her death) 7 children

Patrick Gass (June 12, 1771 – April 2, 1870) served as sergeant in the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806). He was important to the expedition because of his service as a carpenter, and he published the first journal of the expedition in 1807, seven years before the first publication based on Lewis and Clark's journals.

Early life

Gass was born in Falling Springs (present day Chambersburg), Pennsylvania, of Scots-Irish ancestry.[1] His parents were Benjamin and Mary McLene Gass.

Benjamin Gass and his father, William, were prominent citizens and members of the local Presbyterian Church in the small frontier town.[2]

He began his military career in 1792, with a Virginia militia or ranger company stationed in Wheeling fighting against Indians. In 1794 he helped build the house of James Buchanan, Sr. near Mercersburg Pennsylvania and became acquainted with the young future U.S. President, James Buchanan, Jr.[1][3] He joined the U.S. Army in 1799, serving under General Alexander Hamilton until 1800. He rejoined the army in 1803 and served in Kaskaskia, Illinois, near St. Louis.

Expedition and later life

Illustration from Gass's 1807 book "A Journal of the Voyages and Travels of a Corps of Discovery" about the Lewis and Clark expedition

He joined Lewis and Clark's Corps of Discovery as a private on January 1, 1804 and was promoted to sergeant by vote of the Corps members after Charles Floyd's death from appendicitis on August 22, 1804.

His skill as a carpenter was important to the expedition— he led the construction of the Corps' three winter quarters, hewed dugout canoes, and built wagons to portage the canoes 18 miles around the falls of the Missouri. On the return trip, Gass was given command of the majority of the party for a short period while Clark and Lewis led smaller detachments on separate explorations.

He remained in the army after the expedition returned, serving in the War of 1812, in which he lost an eye, and fighting in the battle of Lundy's Lane. During the Civil War, Gass at the age of 91 years had to be removed from a recruiting station after he wanted to enlist to fight the rebels. (WIsdom of History by J. Rufus Fears). At the age of sixty he married Maria Hamilton, aged 20. She bore 7 children (6 surviving to adulthood) over the remaining 15 years of her life. They settled in Wellsburg, West Virginia where he died, 98 years of age, the oldest surviving member of the expedition.

He kept a journal that was published in 1807, the first published journal from the expedition. In it, he coined the term “Corps of Discovery”. The book was first printed and sold by subscription in Pittsburgh at $1.00 per copy. It was later reprinted in England, and translated into French and German. A reprint is currently being sold by the University of Nebraska Press and the University of Nebraska at Lincoln online version of the Lewis and Clark journals give 222 entries from Gass's journal.

References

  1. 1 2 Coues, Elliott (1893), "Bibligraphical Introduction: II.–The Gass Journal", History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark, by Meriwether Lewis; William Clark; Thomas Jefferson, Coues, Elliott, ed., 1, New York: Francis P. Harper, p. xcix
  2. ↑ Bates 1887, p. 320
  3. ↑ Jacob, John G. "Sergeant Patrick Gass". Life and Times of Patrick Gass (from 1859 original). University of Virginia. Retrieved December 6, 2013.

Sources

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