Penelope (horse)

Penelope
Painting of Penelope
Sire	Trumpator
Grandsire	Conductor
Dam	Prunella
Damsire	Highflyer
Sex	Mare
Foaled	1798
Country	Great Britain
Colour	Bay
Breeder	3rd Duke of Grafton
Owner	3rd Duke of Grafton 4th Duke of Grafton
Record	25: 16-7-1
Major wins
Sweepstakes of 100 gs at Newmarket (1801) Ipswich King's Purse (1801) October Oatlands Stakes (1801) One-third Subscription of 25 gs (1803) First Class of Oatlands Stakes (1804) Newmarket King's Plate for mares (1804) £50 Subscription at Newmarket (1804) Jockey-Club Plate (1804)
Honours
Prix Penelope at Saint-Cloud Racecourse

Penelope's owner the 3rd Duke of Grafton

Penelope (1798–1824) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. She won sixteen of her twenty-four races, including two Oatlands Stakes, the Jockey-Club Plate and she beat Oaks and Derby winner Eleanor. She was bred and owned by Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton. After retiring from racing she became an influential broodmare, foaling Derby winners Whalebone and Whisker and 1000 Guineas winner Whizgig.

Background

Penelope was a bay filly bred by Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, and foaled in 1798.^[1] She was sired by Claret Stakes winner Trumpator, who after retiring from racing became British Champion sire in 1803. Amongst his other progeny were Champion sire Sorcerer and Epsom Derby winner Didelot.^[2] Penelope's dam, Prunella, was a top broodmare and a daughter of the undefeated Highflyer. Prunella won three races, including a Sweepstakes of 200 guineas each at Newmarket. She also foaled Derby winner Pope and Oaks winner Pelisse. All of Prunella's daughters who lived to produce a foal became top broodmares in their own right. Her daughters Parasol, Pledge, Pawn, Pope Joan and Prudence all foaled Classic winners.^[3] Penelope was Prunella's second foal.^[1]

Racing career

1801: Three-year-old season

Penelope made her first racecourse appearance on 22 April 1801 at Newmarket, where she beat a Trumpator colt and a Buzzard colt in a Sweepstakes of 100 guineas each over one mile. She had started as the outsider of the three runner field at 5/2.^[4] At Newmarket's Second spring meeting in May she raced in a £50 race for three-year-olds over one mile. Eleven horses started the race, with Paulo starting as the favourite at 5/2 and Penelope and the brother to Spear next in the betting at 5/1. Peneolpe won the race from a brother to Spear, with Paulo finishing in third place.^[5] Racing away from Newmarket for the first time on 7 July, she won the King's Purse at Ipswich. She faced a Pot-8-Os filly and Thais in a race consisting of two-mile heats. Penelope won both heats, therefore winning the race.^[6]

Penelope returned to Newmarket later in the month and beat Thais and Ostrich in the Town Plate, a race run over a distance of just under one mile and two furlongs. Penelope had started the race as the odds-on favourite.^[7] She then won another Town Plate at Newmarket's First October meeting. In the two-mile race she beat five rivals after starting as the 1/3 favourite.^[8] Her final race of the season was the October Oatlands Stakes, a race run over one mile, also at Newmarket. She started the seven runner race as the 5/4 favourite and duly won. Beating Striver into second place, with Chippenham third and Vivaldi fourth.^[9]

1802: Four-year-old season

Penelope was defeated for the first time in the first class of the Oatlands Stakes in April 1802. She started the race as the 3/1 favourite and finished in third place of the nine runners, behind winner Lignum Vitae and runner-up Wilkes.^[10] She was then due to face Informer in a match race, but Informer pulled out of the race, paying a 20 guineas forfeit.^[11] In May she won a Sweepstakes of 15 guineas each over one mile at Newmarket, beating Friday into second place.^[12] Penelope didn't race during the summer and returned to Newmarket in October for a Sweepstakes of 100 guineas each. Marianne won the race, with Penelope finishing second and Gaoler third.^[13] The following day she lost a race for one-third of a subscription of 25 guineas each to Epsom Derby winner Eleanor. Penelope finished the race in second, ahead of a sister to Gouty.^[14] In her last race of the season she finished fifth in the October Oatlands Stakes. The race was won by Rebel, from Eagle in second.^[15]

1803: Five-year-old season

On her seasonal reappearance, Penelope beat Duxbury in a match race.^[16] Again racing at Newmarket, she finished second to Orange-flower in a Sweepstakes of 100 guineas each.^[17] In July she was the runner-up to Rumbo in a £50 race at Newmarket.^[18] In October she won a Subscription of 5 guineas each, beating Surprize, Lignum and two others.^[19] At the second October meeting she beat Eleanor and Malta to win a race for one-third of a subscription of 25 guineas each. Eleanor had started the four-mile, one and a half furlong race as the 4/6 favourite, with Penelope at 7/4.^[20] At the end of October she beat Viscount Sackville's Whirligig in a 100 guineas match race.^[21]

1804: Six-year-old season

Penelope reappeared in April 1804 for the first class of the Oatlands Stakes. She started as the favourite of the six runners and won the race from Chippenham, who was followed by Brighton.^[22] Penelope was due to face Eagle later in the month at the first spring meeting, but Eagle paid a forfeit and withdrew from the race.^[23] At the meeting, she did however beat Eleanor in the King Plate for mares. The race was run over three miles and six and a half furlongs, with Penelope favoured in the betting.^[24] The following day she faced St. Leger winner Quiz and Montalto in a £50 race run over the three-mile Dutton's course. Quiz started the race as the 11/10 favourite, with Penelope at 6/5. Penelope won the race from Quiz.^[25] In May, at Newmarket's second spring meeting she beat Dick Andrews in the Jockey-Club Plate. Penelope was the favourite for the four-mile, one and a half furlong race.^[26] On 1 October at Newmarket, she lost a match to Bobtail over a mile and a quarter. Later in the day she finished runner-up to Sir Harry Dimsdale in a subscription of 5 guineas each. Eleanor finished the race in third place, with Rumbo fourth.^[27] At the Houghton meeting she beat Bobtail in a four-mile, one and a half furlong match race.^[28]

1805: Seven-year-old season

At the Newmarket Craven meeting in April 1805 Penelope lost a 200 guinea match race to Walton, who was carrying one pound less than Penelope.^[29] She was then retired to the Duke of Grafton's stud to become a broodmare.

Stud career

Penelope's son Whalebone

Penelope's son Whisker

As a broodmare, Penelope produced thirteen foals. They were:

• Waxy filly – a bay filly foaled in 1806 and sired by Waxy.^[1]
• Whalebone – a brown stallion foaled in 1807 and sired by Waxy.^[1] As a three-year-old he won the Newmarket Stakes and Epsom Derby in 1810. He was later Champion sire, with his progeny including Camel, Caroline, Lap-dog, Sir Hercules and Spaniel.^[30]
• Web – a bay mare foaled in 1808 and sired by Waxy.^[1] She foaled Riddlesworth Stakes winner Glenartney and Derby winner Middleton.^[31]
• Woful – a bay stallion foaled in 1809 and sired by Waxy.^[1] He won several races and sired the classic winning fillies Arab, Augusta and Zinc.^[32]
• Wilful – a chestnut filly foaled in 1810 and sired by Waxy. She was sent to Ireland.^[1]
• Wire – a brown filly foaled in 1811 and sired by Waxy. She was sent to Ireland.^[1]
• Whisker – a bay stallion foaled in 1812 and sired by Waxy.^[1] He won several races, including the 1815 Derby and the Port Stakes. Along with many good broodmares he sired St. Leger winners Memnon and The Colonel.^[33]
• Waterloo – a bay colt foaled in 1814 and sired by Walton.^[1] He won the Newmarket St. Leger.^[31]
• Wildfire – a bay colt foaled in 1816 and sired by Waxy. He was sent to Germany.^[1]
• Windfall – a chestnut gelding foaled in 1817 and sired by Waxy.^[1]
• Whizgig – a chestnut mare foaled in 1819 and sired by Rubens.^[1] She won the 1000 Guineas in 1822 and was the dam of Oaks winner Oxygen.^[31]
• Waltz – a chestnut filly foaled in 1822 and sired by Election.^[1]
• Wamba – a bay colt foaled in 1823 and sired by Merlin.^[1]

Penelope died in early 1824.^[1]

Pedigree

Note: b. = Bay, bl. = Black, br. = Brown, ch. = Chestnut

* Penelope was inbred 3x4 to Snap. This means that the stallion appears once in the third generation and once in the fourth generation of her pedigree. She was also inbred and 4x4 to Blank.

References