Position-effect variegation
Position-effect variegation is a variegation caused by the inactivation of a gene in some cells through its abnormal juxtaposition with heterochromatin.
The classical example is the Drosophila w[m4](speak white-mottled-4) translocation. In this mutation, an inversion on the X chromosome places the white gene next to pericentric heterochromatin. Normally, the white gene is expressed in every cell of the adult Drosophila eye resulting in a red eye phenotype. In the w[m4] mutant the eye color is variegated (red-white mosaic colored) where the white gene is expressed in some cells in the eyes and not in others. The mutation was described first by Hermann Muller in 1930.[1]
See also
References
- ↑ Hermann J. Muller (1930). "Types of visible variations induced by X-rays in Drosophila". Journal of Genetics. Springer India. 22 (3): 299–334. doi:10.1007/BF02984195.
Additional Selected References
- Aagaard, L., G. Laible, P. Selenko, M. Schmid, R. Dorn, G. Schotta, S. Kuhfittig, A. Wolf, A. Lebersorger, P. B. Singh, G. Reuter, and T. Jenuwein. 1999. "Functional mammalian homologues of the Drosophila PEV-modifier Su(var)3- 9 encode centromere-associated proteins which complex with the heterochromatin component M31". Embo J 18:1923-38. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.7.1923 PMID 10202156
- Buchner, K., P. Roth, G. Schotta, V. Krauss, H. Saumweber, G. Reuter, and R. Dorn. 2000. "Genetic and molecular complexity of the position effect variegation modifier mod(mdg4) in Drosophila". Genetics 155:141-57. PMID 10790390
- Dorn, R., V. Krauss, G. Reuter, and H. Saumweber. 1993. "The enhancer of position-effect variegation of Drosophila, E(var)3-93D, codes for a chromatin protein containing a conserved domain common to several transcriptional regulators". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:11376-80. PMID 8248257
- Ebert, A., G. Schotta, S. Lein, S. Kubicek, V. Krauss, T. Jenuwein, and G. Reuter. 2004. "Su(var) genes regulate the balance between euchromatin and heterochromatin in Drosophila". Genes Dev 18:2973-83. PMID 15574598
- Eissenberg, J. C., G. D. Morris, G. Reuter, and T. Hartnett. 1992. "The heterochromatin-associated protein HP-1 is an essential protein in Drosophila with dosage-dependent effects on position-effect variegation". Genetics 131:345-352. PMID 1644277
- Jenuwein, T., G. Laible, R. Dorn, and G. Reuter. 1998. "SET domain proteins modulate chromatin domains in eu- and heterochromatin". Cell Mol Life Sci 54:80-93. PMID 9487389
- Schotta, G., A. Ebert, V. Krauss, A. Fischer, J. Hoffmann, S. Rea, T. Jenuwein, R. Dorn, and G. Reuter. 2002. "Central role of Drosophila SU(VAR)3-9 in histone H3-K9 methylation and heterochromatic gene silencing". Embo J 21:1121-31. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.5.1121 PMID 11867540
- Tschiersch, B., A. Hofmann, V. Krauss, R. Dorn, G. Korge, and G. Reuter. 1994. "The protein encoded by the Drosophila position-effect variegation suppressor gene Su(var)3-9 combines domains of antagonistic regulators of homeotic gene complexes". Embo J 13:3822-31. PMID 7915232
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