R16 (New York City Subway car)

The R16 was a New York City Subway car built by American Car and Foundry Company from 1954 to 1955.

Description

The R16s were numbered 6300–6499.

When delivered, the R16's quickly became the new standard in car design for the New York City Transit Authority. Structurally and mechanically, they were the larger versions of the R17s and yet basically an improved version of the R10s with same exact dimensions except that the R16's had electrically operated door motors while the R10s had pneumatic door engines. When they were new, the R16's could give the R10 some competition when it came to speed - both cars were mechanically similar with four 100 horsepower motors and a balancing speed of 55 MPH.

The R16s, like the older Arnines, R10s, and R11s, featured three sets of mid-carbody passenger windows on each side. One set contained an illuminated rollsign box in lieu of a second window. This sign box had three readings arranged vertically - the top two being the train's terminals, and the bottom being the route. This window and signbox pattern became standard for later cars until the R40s. The R16 would also be the last car class delivered with cross wise seating until the R44 order in 1972.

There were two versions of the R16: Westinghouse-powered cars (6300-6399) and General Electric-powered cars (6400-6499), the latter of which were delivered earlier. The General Electric-powered cars used forced air to cool the rheostatic resistors used for acceleration and dynamic braking. Unfortunately, the low voltage rotary converter (motor-generator) was used to provide the air and proved to be problematic as the enclosure tended to trap dirt and rain water within, leading to high failure rates. Meanwhile, the Westinghouse-powered cars had resistors mounted in the open for slip stream cooling as had been the traditional means; this setup was found to be more reliable, and was used until the R22 order. In theory, both types of R16s could be run together; however, in practice, this was found to be less than desirable. Later in their service lives, cars of all classes would be segregated by electrical running gear to provide better fleet reliability.

History

The R16s were delivered between 1954-1955 in a kale green paint scheme, and first placed into passenger service on January 10, 1955 on the BMT #15, (now J). Two cars were painted gold for a celebration in 1955.

R16s 6300-6349 were transferred to the A in preparation for the opening of the former Long Island Rail Road's IND Rockaway Line on June 28, 1956, as the Transit Authority wished to use its newest equipment available for the line's inaugural.^[1] After the late 1950s, the cars were returned to the BMT Eastern Division and would remain there until the late 1960s and the early 1970s, when they were transferred to various lines throughout the system. During the 1970s, R16s could be found intermixed with other cars and in far away places from their previous running grounds. Photos of R16's in the Bronx or Queens show them both in complete consists as well as with strange bedfellows.

In 1968, many cars were repainted into a bright red scheme. The whole R16 fleet was given the new MTA corporate silver and blue scheme in 1970, and the cars kept the scheme until retirement.

During the early 1970s, the R16s had their door motors replaced with ones similar those used by the R44s. As the replacement door motors were mounted in the walls rather than under the seats;^[2] distinctive sloping wall panels (unique to the R16s) appeared.^[3]

Retirement

The GE-powered R16s were replaced by the R46s in 1977 as they had reached the end of their planned service lives. Recalls due to cracks found in the R46 trucks, as well as other reliability issues surfaced, kept the GE-powered R16 in service until 1983. The Westinghouse-powered R16 cars were expected to be replaced as well; however, they were instead replaced in 1987 by the R68s, and the last of the R16s were retired from passenger service in May 1987 from the M line. The R16s were outlived by their older R10 cousins.

After retirement, four R16 cars were saved for various purposes, including:

• 6305 and 6339 – currently stored at the MTA NYC Transit's Coney Island Complex in Brooklyn.
• 6387 – restored, and used in excursion service at the New York Transit Museum, also in Brooklyn.
• 6398 – preserved at the Trolley Museum of New York, Kingston, NY ^[4] currently nearing complete restoration.

6452 was located at PS 248 (a NYCT training facility) until July 2004, Brooklyn as a training car. It was painted in redbird scheme and wasn't operational. In July 2004, the car was moved to Linden Yard in Brooklyn and was replaced by R110B 3005, which was moved to the facility. 6452 was moved again to they Coney Island Yard in 2005. Finally, in July 2007, the car was moved to the SBK yard for asbestos abatement and sent to the 207 St. Yard for reefing in early 2008.

In popular culture

Various R16s were featured in the 1981 made-for-TV film "We're Fighting Back",^[5] including the interior of some R16s. Several of them included 6301, 6302, 6321, 6333, 6355, 6394, 6398, and 6399, signed up as an LL train. Various stations were renamed in the film, but there are various hints, including the fact it was a solid 8-car set of R16's rather than a 10-car set that it was filmed on the BMT Canarsie Line.

A wooden mockup of an R16 was featured in the 1976 remake of King Kong.

In the 1959 film Imitation of Life several trains consisting of R16s can be seen passing outside the studio window in the flea powder ad scene.

References

Further reading

• Sansone, Gene. Evolution of New York City subways: An illustrated history of New York City's transit cars, 1867-1997. New York Transit Museum Press, New York, 1997 ISBN 978-0-9637492-8-4

External links

• R16 cars – NYCSubway.org
• They Moved the Millions

New York City Subway revenue rolling stock
Current	B Division / SIR: R32 R42 R44 R46 R68 R68A NTT R143 R160 R179 A Division: R62 R62A NTT R142 R142A R188
Future	B Division / SIR: R211
Retired (R-type)	IND / BMT (B Division): Arnines R1 R4 R6 R7 R7A R9 R10 R11/R34 R16 Redbirds R27 R30/A R38 R40 R40A R110B (experimental) IRT (A Division): R12 R14 R15 R17 R21 R22 Redbirds R26 R28 R29/R99 R33 R33 WF R36 R36 WF R110A (experimental) Train of Many Colors
Retired (private operators)	BMT / SIR Elevated: BU cars C-type Q-type Queens car Subway: AB Standard Bluebird Compartment Car D-type Triplex MS Multi-section car SIRT ME-1 IRT Composite Gibbs Hi-V Deck Roof Hi-V Hedley Hi-V Steinway Lo-V "Flivver" Lo-V Standard Lo-V World's Fair Lo-V
Work trains	R8A R65 R127/R134 R156
Never built	R39 R55 R83
See also: R-type contracts