Red Coat Trail

Red Coat Trail

Red Coat Trail marked in red and the Trans-Canada Highway marked in yellow
Route information
Length: 1,294.3 km[1] (804.2 mi)
Major junctions
West end: Hwy 2 near Fort Macleod, Alberta
East end: PTH 100 near Winnipeg, Manitoba
Location
Major cities: Lethbridge, Alberta; Winnipeg, Manitoba
A Mountie statue in Redvers, Saskatchewan commemorates the founding of the Red Coat Trail along SK Highway 13

The Red Coat Trail is a 1,300 km (810 mi) route that approximates the path taken in 1874 by the North-West Mounted Police in their quest to bring law and order to the Canadian West.[2][3]

Travel route

A number of highways in southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta roughly follow the original route.

In Alberta, the trail follows Highways 3, 4, 61, 889, and 501.

In Saskatchewan, Highway 13 is designated as Red Coat Trail. The travel corridor from the Manitoba—Saskatchewan border to Winnipeg follows Manitoba PTH 2.[nb 1][1]

Alberta

Near Fort Macleod, the traffic volume is between 4,200 and 7,900 vehicles per day (vpd) according to the 2007 Average Annual Daily Traffic report which is quite consistent for the decade.[4] The area is a short grass prairie ecosystem with black soils and is conducive to grain growing.[5] Located at the junction of Hwy 2 and the Red Coat Trail, Fort Macleod currently has a population of over 3,000 residents[6] Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is a major attraction 20 miles (32 km) northwest of town.[7] Between Fort Macleod, and Lethbridge, the Red Coat Trail runs concurrent with the Crowsnest Highway traveling through the Porcupine Hills, the Coyote Flats, and a ghost town named Pearce only marked by a railway crossing and a few farms.[8] D.M. Wilson says, "beneath the Highway's pavement is perhaps 50 metres (160 ft) of glacial till consisting of sand and gravel, clays and boulder clays, humped into hills by the last continental glacier perhaps as it melted away to the northward some 11,000 years ago, overlaying some 10,000 feet (3,000 m) of sedimentary Púleozoic and Mesozoic strata which themselves rest on Precambrian granites. Beyond the low ridge on the far side of the cut-bank'd Oldman, an enormously rich bed of lacustrine loam began attracting settlers in the early 19-aughts and rewards so well still the agricultural efforts of their descendants....the hills are actually longitudinal dunes of loess picked up from a nearby lakebed..."[8] The highway raises in elevation between the Oldman River and the Belly River watersheds and to the north of the highway is the CP Rail High Level trestle bridge of 1909.[8] Currently the bridge has a well-developed trail system through the river valley and the Helen Schuler Coulee Center and Sir Alexander Galt Museum are located nearby.[9] The Hwy 3A alternate route carries traffic across the Oldman River on a 1997 four-lane traffic which re-routed the highway from its old course over the 1957 narrow bridge. This area features a sandstone quarry which was used for construction projects as early as 1904 and a defunct community known as Nevarre changing names to Staunton. AB Hwy 3A continues on to the village of Monarch which is just north of the confluence of the Oldman River and Belly rivers and halfway between Fort Macleod and Lethbridge. North of Monarch on Hwy 23 and west of the village, the traffic volume is around 500 AADT, however following the Red Coat Trail into Lethbridge, the volume increases to over 5,000 vpd.[4]

Between Monarch and Coalhurst, the Red Coat Trail is a twinned highway and between Coalhurst, and Lethbridge a multilane divided highway. West of Coalhurst, traffic volume is about 15,000 vpd, and to the east rises to approximately 18,000 vpd.[4] Oil, flax, wheat and sugar beets are the staples of the agricultural economy supplemented by gas and oil in 1974 which replaced the sugar beet harvests.[8] The city of Lethbridge, is locagted at the junction of AB Hwy 4, Hwy 5 and Hwy 3.[9] Travel along the Red Coat Trail corridor leaves Hwy 3 and continues on Hwy 4 south east towards Stirling, with a traffic volume around 5,500 vpd. Whence at Stirling, the Red Coat Trail travel corridor leaves Hwy 4 and now continues east along Hwy 61 towards the small hamlet of Wrentham at the junction of Hwy 36. Between Stirling and Wrentham the traffic volume declines to an AADT of about 550 vpd on a secondary undivided paved highway.[4] The Red Coat Trail runs parallel and north of the Etzikom Coulee and Crow Indian Lake and to the north of the Red Coat Trail are the Chin Lakes and the Chin Reservoir.[10] Coulees are meltwater channels produced by glacier meltoff forming long river valleys. A number of these coulees are dry or almost dry, and some such as the Chin Lakes have been formed by the Chin Reservoir. The weather of southeast Alberta is warmer than the rest of the province, with lower annual precipitation creating a grassland ecoregion.[11] At the junction of the Red Coat Trail and Hwy 877 is the small hamlet of Skiff, population 10, with a declining AADT between 350 and 400 vpd.[4] The village of Foremost is located at the junction with Hwy 879 near 40-mile (64 km) park, and Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park.[12][13] Etzikom on the intersection of the Red Coat Trail and AB Hwy 855 features the Etzikom Museum and the Canadian National Historical Windmill Center.[14] Orion, a small hamlet with a population of less than 10 residents, is located at the intersection of AB Hwy 887 and the Red Coat Trail. The traffic between Orion and the Saskatchewan border is very low averaging between 70 and 100 vpd.[4] Manyberries is located at the eastern terminus of AB Hwy 61 travel on the Red Coat Trail continues south on Hwy 889 a secondary connector road to meet with Hwy 501, a secondary gravel highway to the Alberta—Saskatchewan border.

Saskatchewan

There are 36 communities along the 676 kilometres (420 mi) of the Saskatchewan portion of the Red Coat Trail which would be one approximately every 20 kilometres (12 mi) apart, and there are 59 at grade intersections with primary and secondary highways which would be a junction approximately every 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). The highway volume beginning in Saskatchewan along the Red Coat Trail about 45 vpd on a class 4 gravel highway.[15][16][17]

SK Hwy 615 provides access north to Fort Walsh National Historic Park and the highest point of land in Saskatchewan. Travel is mainly east through the province of Saskatchewan on the Red Coat Trail which is continuous on SK Hwy 13 which is a secondary paved undivided highway until Weyburn. It is at the Consul intersection of highways that the Red Coat Trail changes to a thin membrane surface undivided highway where the traffic volume increases to about 80 vpd.[16][17] Travel continues north east until the junction with SK Hwy 21 which provides access to Cypress Hills Provincial Park and Maple Creek. The Red Coat Trail continues east after this intersection on a class 3 granular pavement highway and traffic here increases to an AADT of 270 vpd.[16][17] There is a junction with SK Hwy 18 before the highway turns north again to arrive at the intersection of SK Hwy 614 and the town of Eastend, which has the nickname Dino Country where a Tyrannosauraus rex was discovered spawning the T. rex Discovery Centre.[18][19] A number of ancient fauna paleontological dig sites exist in southern Saskatchewan.[20][21]

This area of the Red Coat Trail receives an increase of traffic wherein about 300 vpd travel the Red Coat Trail east of Eastend and over 650 vpd east of town resulting in an upgrade to asphalt concrete road construction.[16][17] The traffic volume entering Shaunavon is about 600 vpd, and the AADT increases to over 1,000 vpd heading north on the SK Hwy 37 and Red Coat Trail concurrency. SK Hwy 37 provides access to the town of Gull Lake and in 9.4 kilometres (5.8 mi), the Red Coat Trail turns east on a thin membrane surface class 2 highway bearing between 150 and 250 vpd.[15][16][17] The Red Coat Trail is upgraded to a class 5 granular pavement as traffic can reach a high of 530 vpd east of this SK Hwy 4 intersection.[15][16][17] To the north west of the SK Hwy 58 junction is Thomson Lake which is a man made lake used for recreational and reservoir purposes becoming the first regional park of Saskatchewan. Lafleche at the junction with SK Hwy 58, and east of this junction the AADT increases to over 600 vpd.[16][22][23][24] The Louis Pierre Gravel National Historic Marker commemorates history at the north end of SK Hwy 58, and the Cripple Creek Provincial Historic Marker is located at the junction with the Red Coat Trail (the southern terminus of SK Hwy 58).[25]

The terrain of the Missouri Coteau features low hummocky, undulating, rolling hills, potholes, and grasslands. This physiographic region of Saskatchewan is the uplands Missouri Coteau, a part of the Great Plains Province or Alberta Plateau Region which extends across the south east corner of the province of Saskatchewan.[26] SK Hwy 2 and SK Hwy 717 come together at the town of Assinibioia. Just to the west of Assiniboia the traffic volume increases to about 1,000 vpd and to the east of town, the volume decreases to about 800 vpd and the majority of the highway is class 3 granular pavement.[16][27]

The intersection with SK Hwy 621 north is passed before arriving at the city of Weyburn which is on the intersection of SK Hwy 35, SK Hwy 39, the CanAm Highway. Weyburn, the opportunity city, has also been dubbed the Soo Line City due its connection with Chicago on the Soo Line of the Canadian Pacific Railway CPR.[28] The city of 9,433 people is situated on SK Hwy 35, SK Hwy 39, and SK Hwy 13. absorbed the small towns of Exon and Converge into the city.[29][30][31] Weyburn is located astride the Williston geological Basin which contains oil deposits, and several wells operate in the vicinity.[30] There are roadside attractions featured here such as a large Lighthouse water tower, wheat sheaves and Prairie Lily.[32][33] Weyburn is situated near the upper delta of the 470 miles (760 km) long Souris River. The Souris River continues southeast through North Dakota eventually meeting the Assiniboine River in Manitoba.[28]

The Red Coat Trail is primarily ashpalt concrete between SK Hwy 6 and SK Hwy 47 where traffic volume reaches about 1,450 vpd east of Weyburn, and over 3,500 vpd within the city on this class 2 highway.[16][17] There is a short stretch of granular pavement before SK Hwy 9 where the traffic volume falls to about 1,700 vpd, rising to about 2,400 vpd near Carlyle.[16][17]

The town of Carlyle is at the intersection with SK Hwy 9, which provides access north to Moose Mountain Provincial Park and Cannington Manor Provincial Historic Park. Before the Manitoba border the Red Coat Trail is granular pavement with traffic volume below 1,000 vpd.[16][17] Manor on SK Hwy 603, Antler River, Wauchope on SK Hwy 601, Redvers on SK Hwy 8, Gainsborough Creek and finally Antler on SK Hwy 600 are the last localities in Saskatchewan before Manitoba.[34]

Manitoba

Main article: Manitoba Highway 2

In Manitoba 19 communities populate the Red Coat Trail between the Saskatchewan border and Winnipeg. There are also 33 at grade intersections with numbered provincial highways and roads on this 349.2 kilometres (217.0 mi) portion of the Red Coat Trail in Manitoba.[35][36]

History

Early travelers had two rivers to ford without bridge or ferry between Fort Macleod and Coal Banks, one at Monarch and the other at Coal Banks.[nb 2][37] Pioneers travelled the pioneer trails across the grasslands during the 19th century created by travellers, first nations and fur traders. The grasslands area of today was still forested in the 19th century and land would need to be cleared and broken for agricultural homesteads and roads.[38] In the 19th century southern Saskatchewan was known as an extension of the Greater Yellow Grass Marsh.[30] The Dominion Land surveyors marked the quarter sections of Manitoba in 1874–1875 and of Saskatchewan in 1881 and homesteaders began tilling their homesteads and fencing their quarter-sections.[38][39] Travel transferred from prairie trail to road allowances set by the surveyors. Rural municipalities set road bosses and crews to grade the roads and to fill in the low areas. Walking plows would till the soil that was to be moved by the fresnoes, which was a scraper pulled with two horses. Those who worked on roads would have lowered taxes. Later crews would work with four-horse scrapers followed by crawler tractors which could pull even larger graders and scrapers.[39] The rural municipality would work out a system of road work for the various ratepayers, and pathmasters or road crew foremen were appointed to oversee the statute labour conducted. Road sections were constructed from one stopping place to the next, where a stopping place was a settler's home who had built additional accommodation for travelers. Ferries were primarily used to cross rivers and creeks, and these often afforded stopping places.[38] Approximately 1890 the piers were set for the first highway bridge across the Belly River.[nb 3][37] The first car in Alberta was owned by F.W. Cochrane of Macleod in 1901.[40] These first electric and steam driven cars were set with a high clearance and were able to travel a prairie trail and follow in ruts, soon cars were gasoline powered.[39]

Lethbridge was subject to flooding in the early 20th century, the years 1902, 1907 and 1908, uplifting houses, barns, bridges and trees.[37] During the May 1902 flooding a house floating in the river removed the east span of the bridge which was under repair when the June 1902 flood removed the centre span of the bridge. The Territorial Department of Public Works decided upon a steel bridge set upon concrete piers and received a $50.000 grant for construction from the Dominion Government. The floor of the bridge was wood planking across the 16 feet (4.9 m) wide bridge.[41][nb 2] To the north of the Red Coat Trail is the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) trestle bridge or the CP Rail High Level Bridge. This 1,891 feet (576 m) long, 150 feet (46 m) high trestle bridge across the Oldman River was constructed between 1908 and 1909.[8] In 1910, the Lethbridge Board of Trade was claiming that the government maintains the main roads and bridges and that the roads were good with few hills. The speed limit of this era for automobiles was 25 miles per hour, yet settlers still used horse and automobile for transport.[42] In 1910, travel across the prairies was by rail, of which there were five branches of rail line branching out from Lethbridge, a divisional and terminal point. The Weyburn branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was under construction in 1910 as well, which eventually connected Winnipeg and Lethbridge.[43][44] In 1910, taxes were set at six and a quarter cents per acre and homesteaders could work on the road crew to help with this payment. A driver and one team of horses could earn C$5.00 per day, and a driver with two teams of horses could earn $7.00 for a day's labour, where a day would be nine hours in duration.[45] It was not until 1912 that the Board of Highway Commissioners was created to authorise road grants for improvements.[39]

One of the first traffic bridges across the Oldman River near Monarch, Alberta, was erected in 1913.[8] Red shale can still be seen of the Taylor coal mine (1916–1925) constructed in the upper river bank north of the Lethbridge, Ab traffic bridge.[41] By the early 1920s most residents had cars for transport.[39] In the 1920s roads were gravelled, gravel loaded by shovel, and hauled with horse and wagon, so that automobiles would not become mired down in mud in the low-lying areas. However, the gravel was too thick, and loose gravel meant horses needed to be shoed and cars would careen wildly over the road, and so therefore the grass trail alongside the road was used instead. The Department of Public Works fixed this problem by mixing clay with the gravel. This era was followed by four-horse teams pulling a sulky plow across the roads, eliminating ruts and forming a hard and level surface to drive upon.[41] The 1920s were indeed years of road work; however in these pioneering days there was little background or guidelines to go by. Early road work consisted of levelling roads and filling in low spots which would collect water to make travel easier by the first automobiles. Road ways and road allowances could either be purchased or leased from the homesteader who was proving up that farmland. A challenge to rural municipality councilors was the removal of rocks from the road allowance. Government grants were set out for road construction where the ratepayers of the rural municipality came together in road camps for improvements and there were also Road Day Competitions held. The road would divert around sloughs, hills, and other diversions to make the travel easier for horse and cart.[46] In 1921 Highway 13 was graded up through the low areas around the Carlyle area. A foreman could earn between C$6.00 and 7.00 for a day, a graderman could earn between $4.50 and 5.00 per day, labourers in 1921 would earn $4.00 to 450 per day. A driver of a single team of horses could earn between $7.50 and 88.00 per day, and a driver with a double team of horses could earn up to $10.00 to 10.50 in a day.[39] The Relief Roadwork Program of 1928 which initiated roadwork on Highway 13. Those local residents with four horses and a grader initially maintained the highway. During the depression years of the dirty thirties, roadwork continued and the highways were widened, gravelled and paved.[47] Gravel was laid on highways in the early 1930s which alleviated being mired in the mud during rainy weather; however during dry weather, gravel roads produced great quantities of dust, reducing visibility.[38][39] In 1930, the Manitoba provincial government constructed Highway 2 with hard surfacing to follow.[38] Road crew wages changed to hourly in 1932, where a foreman of a road crew could now earn 35 cents an hour, a man with a two-horse team 45 to 50 cents an hour and a driver with four horses could earn 65 to 70 cents an hour, and labourers could now bring in 25 cents an hour.

In Saskatchewan, Carlyle was established for example as the area headquarters which supervised six Department of Highway road crews along Highway 13. The crews would remove snow and ice during winter months, and during the summer months conduct road allowance mowing, ensure drainage, attend to sign and guard rail repair.[39] During the 1940s Pearce, Alberta, was home to a CPR station, village, and the British Commonseath Air Training Program featuring the No. 36 Elementary Flying School.[8] In 1943, tractor operator scrapers termed tumble bugs, were available to rural municipalities. After World War II, rural municipalities equipment such as crawler tractors, scrapers and graders could be purchased.[45] As of 1949 the early steel bridge across the Oldman River in Lethbridge was replaced.[41] Winter still proved a challenge in the 1950s and roads could be blocked. bombardiers, and early passenger ski doo could be employed for emergency transportation.[39] In 1952, a general standard was established wherein the provincial government paid 60% and the rural municipalities the remainder for road planning and improvements. Bridges over 100 feet (30 m) in length would be paid entirely by the province; shorter bridge costs would be jointly shared.[39] MB Hwy 2 was constructed to the modern highway able to carry high-speed vehicles, and steel culverts have replaced the early wooded bridges.[38]

A very narrow traffic bridge was constructed in 1957 across the Oldman near Monarch, Alberta, replacing the 1913 predecessor, and currently gives a route to cyclers while the truckers and vehicular traffic currently use the new four-lane bridge.[8] It wasn't until the 1960s that these gravel highways were oiled to reduce the dust clouds; however these oiled surfaces could not bear heavy loads of commercial traffic.[39] In 1968, the Department of Highways was established in the town of Cadillac.[47][48] During the 1970s, the SK Hwy 13 was extended between Eastend and the Alberta border as part of the Red River Trail corridor.[49] It was also in the 1970s that the highway was paved to withstand heavy loads as potash was being mined in Esterhazy and the oil highways were breaking under the added weight.[39] "Extensive flood control programs have created reservoirs, parks and waterfowl centres along the Souris River." near Weyburn, Sk.[30] Between 1988 and 1995, the Rafferty-Alameda Project was constructed to alleviate spring flooding problems created by the Souris River.[50] The Red Coat Trail travels across the Oldman River near Monarch Alberta on a pre-stressed four-lane concrete bridge which was completed in 1997.[8] "Highway 13, also known as the Red Coat Trail, has seen a significant amount of upgrading in recent years. The transformation of this highway between the Manitoba border and Cadillac, SK from a thin membrane surface (TMS) to a paved standard is nearing completion. In the 2004 construction season, 39 kilometres (24 mi) will be improved; in 2003 almost 70 kilometres (43 mi)was upgraded or resurfaced; and in the 2002 construction season 70 kilometres (43 mi) of Highway 13 was upgraded or resurfaced."[51]

Red Coat Trail history

Sir John A. Macdonald read the bill to create the North-West Mounted Police in 1873, which was passed in May of that year. Recruitment of men for the police force began in September 1873 and they assembled at Fort Dufferin, Manitoba.[nb 4] The border between the United States and Canada was surveyed in 1872.[52] On July 8, 1874, these trained men were despatched on their western journey.[52][53] There is a museum and the 1884 NWMP Barracks Site at Fort Macleod which preserves the NWMP history at the Fort, supplemented by a RCMP musical ride which is held yearly in commemoration.[6] Healy and Hamilton built Fort Whoop Up 8 miles (13 km) miles from the current location of Lethbridge near the confluence of the St. Mary and Belly Rivers. (Today the location of Fort Whoop Up is signified by a historical cairn marker.) Colonel Macleod of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP) presented Healy and Hamilton with an offer to purchase Fort Whoop Up which they declined.[nb 5][55] RNWMP were established at Coal Banks in 1885 forming K Division under the command of Superintendent A.R. McDonnell. This site in the Porcupine Hills was the coal mining site of Lethbridge.[56] The Red Coats of 1874 had the option to settle on ranches following their three-year term with the RNWMP.[37] Grasslands National Park near Ponteix, Sk features NWMP trail markers amidst the Killdeer Badlands.[57][58] Wood Mountain Post was established in 1874 to reduce cattle rustling, whisky trading, which was completed post haste, and the NWMP post closed in 1875. Following his victory against the U.S. cavalry in the 1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull and about 5,000 of his followers sought sanctuary in the Wood Mountain, Sk area.[59] Superintendent James Walsh from Fort Walsh left the Cypress Hills area to talk to Sitting Bull. 22 NWMP police officer accompanied by Walsh set up a new Wood Mountain detachment, Walsh remained here with the men until his transfer to Fort Qu'Appelle in 1880.[60] The Hudson's Bay Trading Post site was replaced with Chapel Coulee, Metis village of Chapel Coulee, which was later where the NWMP established a post in 1879 and small detachment from Fort Walsh. In 1887, the detachment moved to the banks of the White Mud River the current location of Eastend, Sk as many of their concernts were alleviated, the whisky trade had ceased, the North-West Rebellion of 1885 was over, and Sitting Bull, a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man surrendered to American forces and returned to the United States in 1881.[nb 6][18][18]

Sir Redvers Buller

The town of Redvers, SK, along the Red Coat Trail, is named after General Sir Redvers Henry Buller VC GCB GCMG (1839–1908).[61][62][63][64] The Boundary Commission Trail is an earlier route used from Winnipeg for travel east.[65][66]

Major intersections from west to east

This table shows the major intersections on the Red Coat Trail

CountyLocationkm[1]miDestinationsNotes
AlbertaFort Macleod00.0 Hwy 2 / Hwy 3Red Coat Trail western terminus begins at Fort Macleod.
Monarch25.816.0 Hwy 3 / Hwy 23
Lethbridge49.931.0 Hwy 3 / Hwy 4Travel along the corridor leaves AB Hwy 3 and continues on AB Hwy 4
Stirling80.650.1 Hwy 4 / Hwy 61Travel along the corridor leaves AB Hwy 4 and continues on AB Hwy 61
near Wrentham104.965.2 Hwy 36 / Hwy 61
County of Forty Mile No. 8212.0131.7 Hwy 61 / Hwy 887Travel leaves AB Hwy 61 and continues on AB Hwy 887
236.7147.1 Hwy 501 / Hwy 887Travel leaves AB Hwy 887 and continues on AB Hwy 501
249.1154.8 Hwy 501 / Hwy 889
Cypress County279.9173.9 Hwy 41 / Hwy 501
SaskatchewanReno No. 51297.6184.9 Hwy 501 / Hwy 13Crosses Alberta—Saskatchewan border
Govenlock312.0193.9 Hwy 13 / Hwy 21
Reno No. 51326.8203.1 Hwy 13 / Hwy 615
356.3221.4 Hwy 13 / Hwy 21
Robsart362.9225.5 Hwy 13 / Hwy 18
Eastend409.7254.6 Hwy 13 / Hwy 614
Shaunavon443.9275.8 Hwy 13 / Hwy 37 / Hwy 722South end of concurrency with SK Hwy 37
Bone Creek No. 108453.3281.7 Hwy 13 / Hwy 37North end of concurrency with SK Hwy 37
473.3294.1 Hwy 13 / Hwy 631
Wise Creek No. 77483.1300.2 Hwy 13 / Hwy 629West end of concurrency with SK Hwy 629
484.7301.2 Hwy 13 / Hwy 629East end of concurrency with SK Hwy 629
Cadillac503.0312.5 Hwy 4 / Hwy 13
Auvergne520.9323.7 Hwy 13 / Hwy 628near Ponteix
Aneroid534.9332.4 Hwy 13 / Hwy 621
Pinto Creek556.8346.0 Hwy 13 / Hwy 19West end of concurrency with SK Hwy 19 begins
Kincaid558.0346.7 Hwy 13 / Hwy 19East end of concurrency with SK Hwy 19 ends.
Wood River No. 74579.0359.8 Hwy 13 / Hwy 610
588.8365.9 Hwy 13 / Hwy 58East end of concurrency with SK Hwy 58 begins
Lafleche590.4366.9 Hwy 13 / Hwy 58West end of concurrency with SK Hwy 58 ends
Limerick612.7986.0 Hwy 13 / Hwy 358
Assiniboia633393 Hwy 2 / Hwy 13
Willow Bunch No 42661.8411.2 Hwy 13 / Hwy 36West end of concurrency with SK Hwy 36
Excel No. 71671.5417.3 Hwy 13 / Hwy 36East end of concurrency with SK Hwy 36
683.01,099.2 Hwy 13 / Hwy 624
Key West No. 70702.1436.3 Hwy 13 / Hwy 34 / Hwy 334
Norton No. 69733.6455.8 Hwy 13 / Hwy 623
742.4461.3 Hwy 13 / Hwy 6
Brokenshell No. 68765.2475.5 Hwy 13 / Hwy 28
774.5481.3 Hwy 13 / Hwy 621
Weyburn795.0494.0 Hwy 13 / Hwy 39
800.4497.3 Hwy 13 / Hwy 35
Griffin831.5516.7 Hwy 13 / Hwy 606
Stoughton860.8534.9 Hwy 13 / Hwy 47
Kisbey885.6550.3 Hwy 13 / Hwy 605
Arcola900.5559.5 Hwy 13 / Hwy 604
Carlyle915.3568.7 Hwy 9 / Hwy 13West end of concurrency with SK Hwy 9
917.1569.9 Hwy 9 / Hwy 13East end of concurrency with SK Hwy 9
Manor930.7578.3 Hwy 13 / Hwy 603
Antler No. 61942.4585.6 Hwy 13 / Hwy 601West end of concurrency with SK Hwy 601
944.4586.8 Hwy 13 / Hwy 601East end of concurrency with SK Hwy 601
Redvers959.5596.2 Hwy 8 / Hwy 13
Antler No. 61971.0603.4 Hwy 13 / Hwy 600West end of concurrency with SK Hwy 600
975.9606.4 Hwy 13 / Hwy 600East end of concurrency with SK Hwy 600
Sk Mb border979.2608.4 Hwy 13 / PTH 2Red Coat Trail leaves SK and enters MB
ManitobaSinclair988.5614.2 PTH 2 / PR 256West end of concurrency with MB PR 256
994.5618.0 PTH 2 / PR 256West end of concurrency with MB PR 256
Pipestone1,013.7629.9 PTH 2 / PTH 83
 1,038.9645.5 PTH 2 / PR 254
Deleau1,045.5649.6 PTH 2 / PTH 21West end of concurrency with MB PTH 21
Glenwood RM1,053.6654.7 PTH 2 / PTH 21East end of concurrency with MB PTH 21
1,056.9656.7 PTH 2 / PR 347
Souris1,068.5663.9 PTH 2 / PTH 22
Oakland RM1,089.9677.2 PTH 2 / PTH 10North end of concurrency with MB PTH 10
1,094.1679.8 PTH 2 / PTH 10South end of concurrency with MB PTH 10
1,100.8684.0 PTH 2 / PR 346
1,109.0689.1 PTH 2 / PR 344Access to Wawanesa east
1,115.3693.0 PTH 2 / PR 344Access to Wawanesa north
South Cypress RM1,119.6695.7 PTH 2 / PTH 18
1,122.0697.2 PTH 2 / PR 530
Glenboro1,145.1711.5 PTH 2 / PTH 5
Cypress River1,158.2719.7 PTH 2 / PR 342
Holland1,175.5730.4 PTH 2 / PTH 34
Treherne1,189.3739.0 PTH 2 / PR 242West end of concurrency with MB PR 242
Treherne1,192.7741.1 PTH 2 / PR 242East end of concurrency with MB PR 242
South Norfolk RM1,207.9750.6 PTH 2 / PR 305
St. Claude1,214.9754.9 PTH 2 / PR 240
Elm Creek1,240.4770.7 PTH 2 / PTH 13
near Fannystelle1,258.8782.2 PTH 2 / PR 248
near Starbuck1,271.0789.8 PTH 2 / PR 332
Macdonald RM1,279.2794.9 PTH 2 / PR 424
1,282.5796.9 PTH 2 / PR 334West end of concurrency with MB PR 334
1,285.8799.0 PTH 2 / PR 334East end of concurrency with MB PR 334
near Oak Bluff1,291.9802.7 PTH 2 / PTH 3
Winnipeg1,294.3804.2 PTH 2 / PTH 100 (TCH)

Notes

  1. ↑ Winnipeg: Established 1738 as Fort Rouge; renamed 1822 Fort Garry; incorporated in 1873 as the City of Winnipeg.
  2. 1 2 Lethbridge post office was so named in 1885, previously named Coal Banks or Coalbanks. Lethbridge also had other names such as steep banks, the place of black rocks, painted rock, red painted rock, medicine stone, where they slaughtered the Cree, the coal Bank, and Sheran's Ferry crossing amongst others.
  3. ↑ The current name for the Belly River is the Oldman River
  4. ↑ Fort Dufferin, Manitoba is now at the location of Emerson, Manitoba
  5. ↑ The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) was formed in 1920 by the merger of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP, founded 1873) with the Dominion Police (founded 1868). The North-West Mounted Police became the Royal Northwest Mounted Police after 1904.[54]
  6. ↑ The White Mud River is currently known as the Frenchman River

References

  1. 1 2 3 Microsoft Streets and Tips (Map) (2004 ed.). Microsoft Corporation Redmond, Washington.
  2. ↑ Winkel, James (2006). "Red Coat Trail". Encyclopaedia of Saskatchewan. Canadian Plains Research Center University of Regina. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  3. ↑ "Red Coat Trail - Tourism Saskatchewan". Places to go» Road Trips...»Red Coat. Sask Tourism. 2006. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Government of Alberta: Traffic Volumes at Points on the Highway". Government of Alberta. 1995–2008. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  5. ↑ Kerr, D. G. G., ed. (1960). A Historical Atlas of Canada. Thomas Nelson and Sons (Canada) Limited. pp. 58–61. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  6. 1 2 "Visiting Fort Macleod, in southwestern Alberta, Canada". 1987–2000. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  7. ↑ "Hwy 3 Fort Macleod". Monarch, Alberta : History. Crowsnest Highway 3 Marketing Consortium. 2004. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Wilson, Donald Malcolm (24 March 2008). "Crowsnest Highway". Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  9. 1 2 "Hwy 3 Letthbridge". Crowsnest Highway 3 Marketing Consortium. 2004. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  10. ↑ "Chin Reservoir". Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  11. ↑ "Atlas of Alberta Lakes". Department of Biological Sciences. 2004–2005. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
  12. ↑ "40 Mile Park & Recreation Area". The Fyke's. 2009-01-23. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
  13. ↑ "Foremost, Alberta". Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park. January 23, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  14. ↑ "Foremost, Alberta". Etzikom Museum and Historical Windmill Center. 23 January 2009. Archived from the original on February 24, 2010. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
  15. 1 2 3 "2007-08 Road Classification Map 2007-08 Road Classification.pdf" (pdf). Highways and Infrastructure About Highways/Saskatchewan Maps. Saskatchewan Government. 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Highway Traffic Volume Map trafficvolume-2007.pdf" (pdf). Highways and Infrastructure About Highways/Saskatchewan Maps. Saskatchewan Government. 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lau, Tony (2007–2008). "2007-08 Saskatchewan Highway Surface Type surface.pdf" (pdf). Highways and Infrastructure About Highways/Saskatchewan Maps. Saskatchewan Government.
  18. 1 2 3 "Dino Country, Eastend Saskatchewan home of Scotty the T Rex ...". Tangle Media. 1987–2000. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  19. ↑ "Dino Country, Eastend Saskatchewan home of Scotty the T Rex Canada's most complete Tryannosaurus fossil find and the hunting capital of Southwest Saskatchewan.". Tangle Media. 1987–2000. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  20. ↑ "Royal Saskatchewan Museum: Publications: Earth Sciences". Royal Saskatchewan Museum. 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  21. ↑ Prothero, Donald R.; Emry, Robert J. (1996). "Eocene-Oligocene Faunas of the Cypress Hills Formation, Saskatchewan by John E. Storer". The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America (Digitized by Google books) (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 244–255. ISBN 9780521433877. Retrieved 2009-01-01. *Outline drawing of part of Swift Current Plateau south of Swift Current showing place names and sources of Eocene-Oligocene mammalian paleofaunas. All ranges west of the Third Meridian. 1. Swift Current Creek Local Fauna 2. Lac Pelletier Lower Fauna 3. Lac Pelletier Upper Fauna 5. Simmie Local Fauana 9. Blumenort Local Fauna *Outline drawing of Eastend area, Cypress Hills of southwestern Saskatchewan showing place names and sources of Eocene-Oligocene mammalian paleofaunas. All ranges west of the Third Meridian. 4. Southfork Local Fauna Chadronian 6. Calf Creek Local Fauna, Chadronian 7. Carnagh Local Fauna, Chadronian. 8. Irish Spring Local Fauna Anxiety Butte. Orellian. 14. Rodent Hill Local Fauna Whitneyan; 15. Anxiety Butte, Whitneyan: 16. Kealey Springs Local Fauna, early Arikareean; 17. Anxiety Butte, late Arikareean.
  22. ↑ "Thomson Lake local regional park". Retrieved 2007-05-01.
  23. ↑ "Thomson Lake regional park Lafleche, Saskatchewan". Archived from the original on January 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
  24. ↑ "Lafleche Parks & Gardens: Parks & Gardens in Lafleche, Saskatchewan". Retrieved 2007-05-01.
  25. ↑ "Red Coat Regional Economic Development Authority INC.(REDA) - Tourism". 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  26. ↑ Richards, J.H.; Fung, K.I. (1969). "Atlas of Saskatchewan". Saskatoon, SK, CA: University of Saskatchewan.
  27. ↑ "Town of Assiniboia – Heart of the Golden South!". Town of Assiniboia and Assiniboia Economic Development Authority. 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  28. 1 2 Weyburn Writer's Association (2006). "Hey, seeds!". Our Roots Nos Racines. University of Calgary, Université Laval. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  29. ↑ "2006 Community Profiles - Census Subdivision". Statistics Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-02-04. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  30. 1 2 3 4 "Canadian Rural Partnership - Rural Development - Public - Private Partnerships in Rural and Northern Canada Study - Appendix C - List of Projects". Government of Canada. September 2005. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  31. ↑ Adamson, J (5 November 2003). "Saskatchewan, Canada, Rand McNally 1924 Indexed Pocket Map Tourists' and Shippers' Guide<" (PDF). Online Historical Map Digitization Project. Ancestry / Rootsweb. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  32. ↑ "Saskatchewan Road Map RV Travel Guide: #6 Canada / United States Border to Regina". Mile By Mile Media. 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  33. ↑ Donnan, Richard (1999–2006). "Lighthouse Water Tower Weyburn, Saskatchewan". LARGE CANADIAN ROADSIDE ATTRACTIONS. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
  34. ↑ "RV Times #88 - Canada's magazine for RVers, Camping and Vacationing". Sheila Jones Publishing Ltd. 1987–2000. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  35. ↑ "Cypress River Manitoba Canada for your next vacation". Welcome to Cypress River. 23 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  36. ↑ The History of Kincaid, Saskatchewan and area, 1909-1980 (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Kincaid History Book Committee. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  37. 1 2 3 4 Peat, Annie Laurie Stafrord (1978). "Lethbridge's Beginning". Nineteenth Century Lethbridge (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Lethbridge, Alberta: Historical Society of Alberta,. pp. 33, 38, 47 and 49. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tiger Hills to the Assiniboine (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Treherne Area History Committee. pp. 11 to 13. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Prairie Trails to Blacktop Carlyle and District, 1882-1982 (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Carlyle and District Historical Society. pp. 53 to 63. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  40. ↑ "Macleod Memoirs". The story of Macleod (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Macleod Sketch Club. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  41. 1 2 3 4 The Bend: A History of West Lethbridge (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). West Lethbridge History Book Society. Lethbridge, Alberta: Southern Alberta News. 1907. pp. 5, 9, 10. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  42. ↑ "Roads and Bridges". Facts for the settler about the Lethbridge District : sunny southern Alberta (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Lethbridge (Alta.). Board of Trade. Lethbridge, Alberta: Daily Herald Presses,. 1910. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  43. ↑ McQueen,, F. (1911). "How Has Lethbridge Attained its Pre-eminence?". Lethbridge : a city of potentialities (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Lethbridge, Alberta: Daily Herald Presses,. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  44. ↑ "As a Railway Centre". Lethbridge:a railway centre with the mineral resources of Pittsburg and the agriculture territory of Minneapolis (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Lethbridge (Alta.) Board of Trade. Lethbridge, Alberta: Southern Alberta News. 1907. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  45. 1 2 "Rural Municipality of Antler No. 61". Redvers, 75 Years Live (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Celebrate Saskatchewan Committee (Redvers), Golden Age Centre (Redvers, Sask.). Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  46. ↑ Mehain, Anne (1982). Prairie Trails and Pioneer Tales : R.M. of Stonehenge #73 (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Limerick Historical Society. Limerick, Saskatchewan: Limerick Historical Society,. pp. 11, 12. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  47. 1 2 Cadillac : prairie heritage (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Cadillac and District History Book Association. p. 27. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  48. ↑ Jones, David C. We'll all be Buried Down Here : the Prairie Dryland Disaster, 1917-1926 (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). p. 27. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  49. ↑ Range Riders and Sodbusters (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Eastend History Society. 1907. p. 36. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  50. ↑ "Water Control - Saskatchewan Dams and Reservoirs". Saskatchewan Watershed Authority. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  51. ↑ "Improving Highway 13 near Viceroy". Highways and Transportation: About Government/News Releases/. Government of Saskatchewan. August 2004. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  52. 1 2 Day, Clifford (1907). "The Story of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police". Meyronne Memories, 1908-1967 (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Mrs. M. H. Little,. Lethbridge, Alberta: Southern Alberta News. p. 4. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  53. ↑ "Royal Northwest Mounted Police". Long Shadows : a history of shortgrass country (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Short Grass Historical Society. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  54. ↑ "Fort Dufferin, Manitoba.". The Glenbow Museum > Archives Photographs Search Results. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  55. ↑ "Brief Look Into the Past". Lethbridge: Alberta's Golden Jubilee (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Lethbridge Herald. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  56. ↑ "Policing the Plains". Lethbridge: Alberta's Golden Jubilee (Digitised online by Our Roots Nos Racines). Lethbridge Herald. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  57. ↑ "Town of Ponteix". 1987–2000. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  58. ↑ "Parks Canada - Grasslands National Park of Canada". National Parks > Grasslands National Park of Canada. Government of Canada. October 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  59. ↑ Yanko, Dave (1997–2007). "Virtual Saskatchewan - Grasslands National Park". Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  60. ↑ Yanko, Dave (1997–2007). "Wood Mountain". Sask Biz. Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  61. ↑ "Town of Redvers". Cornerstone Regional Economic Development Authority. 2003. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  62. ↑ "KOA: Red Coat Trail - Saskatchewan". Kampgrounds of America, Inc. Travel Communications, Inc. 2004. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  63. ↑ "Century Farm" (Canada Copyright Registration No. 490341). William J. Milner. Travel Communications, Inc. 8 March 2001. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  64. ↑ "KOA: Red Coat Trail - Manitoba". Kampgrounds of America, Inc. Travel Communications, Inc. 2004. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  65. ↑ MacDonald, Graham (2002–2009). "Manitoba History: The Boundary Commission Trail and the North-West Mounted Police: A Review of Site Development Progress". Manitoba History, Number 19, Spring 1990. Manitoba Historical Society. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  66. ↑ Dean, Mike & Robin (2002). "Map - Redcoat Trail". Along the Red Coat Trail. Retrieved 2009-02-01.

Extra reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Red Coat Trail.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/11/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.