Saint Ferdinand College
Latin: Colegio De San Fernando | |
Motto | Ora Et Labora |
---|---|
Motto in English | Pray and Work |
Type | Private, Catholic |
Established | September 28, 1950 |
President | Dr. Salome S. Cariño |
Location | Ilagan City, Isabela, Philippines |
Campus |
Main campus in Ilagan City 1 campus in Cabagan |
Colors | █ Yellow and █ Maroon |
Nickname | SFCian/s |
Website | www.sfc.edu.ph |
The Saint Ferdinand College is the only Catholic Educational Institution located in Ilagan City, Isabela, Philippines. It is one of the leading educational institution in Isabela duly recognized by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)[1] and Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA).[2] It was established in 1950 founded by Knights of Columbus Ilagan Council 3705.[3] Its formal operation was in the School Year 1951-1952 with classes offering from Kindergarten to College Level.
At present, Saint Ferdinand College has one satellite campus in Cabagan[4] in the same province headed by Natividad A. Dela Cruz.
Patron Saint
Saint Ferdinand of Castile
Born near Salamanca, Spain, c. 1199; died in Seville, Spain, on May 30, 1252; canonized in 1671 at the request of Philip IV. Ferdinand was the son of Alphonso IX, king of León, and Berengaria, the oldest daughter of Alphonso III, king of Castile. His maternal grandmother was the daughter of Henry II of England, and her sister Blanche became the mother of Saint Louis of France. The death of Berengaria's brother, Henry, left her heiress to the throne of Castile in 1217, but she ceded her rights to the 18-year- old Ferdinand. He was a stern, but forgiving, ruler who ignored personal slights, and an excellent administrator. The archbishop of Toledo, Rodrigo Ximenes, was chancellor of Castile and his principal adviser for many years. Ferdinand married Beatrice, daughter of King Philip of Swabia in 1219. Upon the death of his father in 1230, Ferdinand became king of León. There was opposition to this, for there were supporters of the claim of his two half sisters, but his union of the two kingdoms made a recovery from the Moors possible. He campaigned against the Moors without respite for 27 years, and his success won the great devotion of his people. He recaptured the greater part of Andalusia, including Ubeda, Cordova (1236), Murcia, Jaen, Cadiz, and Seville (1249).
It was in the battle of Xeres, when only 10 or 12 Spanish lives were lost, that Saint James (Santiago) was said to have been seen leading the host on a white horse. Saint James's chronicle is a principal source for Ferdinand's achievements. Ferdinand's military efforts were not so much imperialistic in motivation as driven by a wish to save Christians from the dominance of infidels. Although he was a warrior, it was said of him that "he feared the curse of one old woman more than a whole army of Moors." In thanksgiving for his victories, Ferdinand rebuilt the cathedral in Burgos and converted the great mosque of Seville into a church. He restored to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostella the bells that had been removed by the Moors. Once the Moors and Jews submitted, he pursued a course of tolerance, while encouraging the friars to convert them. He was the founder of the famed University of Salamanca in 1243. He married Joan of Ponthieu on the death of Beatrice. By his second wife he was the father of Eleanor, wife of King Edward I of England. It is interesting to note that upon his death he was buried in the habit of a Franciscan friar in the cathedral of Seville. At his death he was popularly acclaimed a saint but canonical recognition took another 400 years (Attwater, Benedictines, Delaney, White). King Saint Ferdinand is depicted in art as a crowned knight with a greyhound. He is dressed royal regalia, cross on his breast, and the dog at his feet (Roeder). He is the patron saint of persons in authority (rulers, governors, magistrates, etc.) --a result of his wise appointments; the poor and prisoners (over whom such persons rule); engineers (a result of his technical military skills), and the Spanish army (White)
History
St. Ferdinand College was established in September 1950, based on Christian democratic principles dedicated to the original objectives of its original founders, the Knights of Columbus Ilagan Council 3705.
With the able services of dynamic and scientifically-oriented faculty and administrators, the College has offered a kind of education that prepares the student for life. It provides every student with moral and intellectual training in Christian atmosphere so that they may become efficient and ready to play a dynamic role in the growth of the country.
The College had its formal operation on the school year 1951-1952 and offered kindergarten up to college level. Started occupying three small and temporary buildings enough to accommodate complete elementary grades with only one section each; a complete secondary level with only seven sections; and a handful of college students enrolled in Liberal Arts and in Elementary Education.
On the first year of its existence the college was operated purely by lay teachers and administrators, but because its desire to propagate stronger and more firm Christian education the late Rev. Msgr. Ricardo A. Jamias, one of the founders and spiritual director invited the Franciscan Sisters to take over the reins of the College from 1952 up to S.Y 1974-1975.
During the S.Y 1952-1953, the newly constructed main building was occupied. Permit was granted by the Bureau of Private Schools to open courses in Education and Commerce. Four years later, the College reaped the first crop of graduates in the college level. Full recognition of all courses offered was granted on its fourth and fifth year of operation.
The coming of the Fransican sisters under the very able and energetic direction of Sr. Agnes Encarnacion gave an impetous to its enrollment and from then on there was a yearly increase in each of the three departments. The major turning point of the College came as a result of the opening of a new course in education, the BSEEd. There was then a great demand of graduates finishing this course. The majority of the public school teachers were only ETC graduates. These undergraduates rushed to SFC to enroll which made a dramatic increase in the population particularly in the College Department.
The greatest problem met as a result of the exodus was lack of rooms. The main building, which was occupied by the three departments the library, the laboratories, and offices were not enough. The College had to look for a means by which it could accommodate all the students. With sole responsibility and help of the Board of Trustees, a loan was secured and the construction of separate buildings for the elementary, secondary, and HE practice house was started.
During the year 1962, the ROTC unit was activated which added more attraction to the male students. A separate ROTC and Armory building was immediately constructed for that purpose. The succeeding years, new major fields of learning was opened: Accounting, Banking and Finance, and Management in Commerce; English, Mathematics, History, Science and Filipino under Education. This led to the establishment of a separate College of Arts and Sciences, and College of Commerce and Secretarial.
In 1965, the Graduate Course (the First throughout the valley) was opened. This led to the expansion of the library with the purchase of hundreds of volumes of books to meet the requirements arising from the increase in enrollment.
Being fully recognized by the government, all the schools graduate and post graduate offerings are now well-established and has graduated many MA's, MBA's and MPA's since. In 1993, Ph.D. course was opened. The pioneer batch from this post graduate courase graduated in the SY. 1995-1996.
The School of Midwifery was established in 1986. Its first batch of graduates include a topnotcher in the Board Exams. The Voc. Tech School was also put up in the year 1987 but it was closed years after because of dwindling population. The decade of the 90's has witnessed significant changes which have been taking place in the College. Under permit 002 granted by the DECS, the School started to offer Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) in the S.Y. 1992-1993. Again the School emerged in the national limelight when Batch '98 BSN graduate lent as one of the National Topnotchers in the Nursing Licensure Examination. It was during the S.Y. 1993-1994 when the following courses was opened: Bachelor of Science in Management-major in Legal Management (which was also closed for some reasons other than poor enrolment); Two Year Medical Secretarial Course. The school opened Bachelor of Science in Criminology course during S.Y. 1994-95 and it had been under the headship of the Dean of the AB Department.
Because of the massive exodus of students to SFC, the Msgr. Ricardo Jamias Bldg. which houses the administrative offices, libraries and classrooms of the College of Education and College of Arts and Sciences underwent massive face-lifting while the our Lady of Lourdes Bldg. tasted finishing touches. A year earlier, the Our Lady of Visitation building was constructed to provide adequate and comfortable rooms for the secondary students. In the year 1997, the Our Lady of Perpetual Help was completed to meet the growing demands of elementary graders. Also, a multi-purpose laboratory has been put for the High School and Elementary for their Home Technology, food processing, textile and sewing and handicraft making practicum. A fourth floor has been added to the Lourdes building and a 500-seater auditorium complete with its sound and stage lighting system was constructed. The hall was named Arranz Auditorium in honor to the late Judge Manual Arranz and Mrs. Magdalena Arranz, the school's first directress. The old seminary building across Mabini St. had been leased by the school for the paramedical courses. The building has been completely rehabilitated and its laboratories were completely furnished. Due to the increasing population the school had likewise leased the old rectory and had been converted into classrooms for the college department.
Two separate colleges under the supervision of their own deans were established, the College of Accountancy and College of Criminology in the S.Y. 1996-97. During that school year, new courses were offered namely, BS Biology and BS Nutrition and Dietetics. These however, were closed two years after because of poor enrollment. The school envisions to open more courses in the next school year 1999-2000. SFC is now on the process of securing permit from the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) for possible operation of new courses which include BS Information Technology (BSIT), BS Information Management (BSIM), BS in Computer Science (BSCS), BSEd-Religious Education; Health Science; BSC-Public Administration and AB majors Political in Science and Economics.
To keep pace with the call of quality education, SFC has been offering science curriculum in the secondary level. Computer subject have been integrated in the curriculum of elementary and secondary students. All courses in the tertiary level other than computer-related courses include basic computer subjects. The computer laboratories are now equipped with Local Area Network (LAN) with open line Internet to make available to students the latest windows based software and to keep them addressed with the latest trend in information technology.
Being recognized for its good facilities and competent human resources, SFC served as the contest venue in the 1999 National School Press Conference on February 8–12, 1999.
For several years now, SFC remains the center of scholarship admission of the Ateneo de Manila University and University of the Philippines in Region 02. In-School Board Review for Criminology is now offered and it is presently linked with the University of Baguio. A Review Program for the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) has also started on Summer 1999. This is a continuing service afforded by the school to help students prepare in the Board Exams at affordable cost.
At present SFC also offers new programs namely: the Master of Arts majors in English and Mathematics.
To date, SFC has the following programs accredited:
Programs | Status | Period Covered |
---|---|---|
Elementary | Level I- Formal Accredited | February 4, 2008- February 2011 |
High School | Level I- Formal Accredited | February 4, 2008- February 2011 |
Criminology | Level I- Formal Accredited | March 3, 2008- March 2011 |
Business Administration | Level II- First Reaccreditation | July 7, 2008- July 2011 |
BSED | Level II- First Reaccreditation | October 6, 2008- October 2013 |
BEED | Level II- First Reaccreditation | October 6, 2008- October 2013 |
Nursing | Level I- Formal Accredited | March 2, 2009- March 2012 |
Liberal Arts | Level I- Formal Accredited | January 9, 2009- January 2014 |
Vision
Saint Ferdinand College is a dynamic Catholic Educational Institution that develops individuals of competence and character through wholistic education and dedicated service toward a just and humane society.
Mission
Saint Ferdinand College as an evangelizing arm of the church provides relevant knowledge, enhances practical skills, and inculcates Christian values that promote personal development and social responsibility among people in school and community.
SFC Hymn
Beloved Alma Mater, all hail!
Fair gem of our Valley,
Saint Ferdinand College,'neath your standard we rally.
For you raise an army for Christ
whose royal blood runs red
for the glory of our Mother Church
a royal road they thread.
Our hearts beat high for you
within us high ideals burn,
"For Christ the King!" our battle cry,
Ah! all of hell we spurn.
We pledge our oath of fealthy,
yeah ! Each of us your knight,
for God and country and for you,
we live and strive and fight.
Academic Programs
Graduate School
Objectives
The Program of Graduate Studies emphasizes the objectives of the school which are based on the goals for national development. It has the following objectives:
- To prepare and mold the researcher, the scholar, the teacher, the professional, the business leader, and the public adminisrator to be of total service to the Christian Community.
- To provide a center where ideas in the scientific and technological fields are discovered, tested and nurtured, making them congruent to the social realities and needs of a developing Christian Community.
- To produce students who shall assume major responsibilities in the social transformation of society through task specialization and differentiated rolse contributions in order to help achieve the fullness of life and help build God's Kingdom.
Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management (Ph.D.) Provides the school administrator with specialized instruction in educational management. The course produces specially educated men and women who generate new knowledge, distill into wisdom, transmit it through teaching and utilize it as responses to the interest of a developing country, produces truly dedicated, productive researchers who will push forward the frontiers of human knowledge, promotes the growth of a special class of individuals who can be the most effective instruments of producing research that contributes to the development of the country. It develops educational professionals for leadership and research service for the improvement of quality Christian Education.
Master in Public Administration (MPA) Course looks into the administration of the three branches of government, namely: executive, legislative, and judicial, most importantly, the interrelationships. Public Administration plays a significant factor in the formation of public policy. The course assists in the development of a pool of professionals who can meet the demands of public administration, updates the competencies of the professional and equip them with the necessary human, technical and conceptual skills to enable them to effectively direct the affairs of their respective organizations.
Master in Business Administration (MBA) This course provides the necessary knowledge and skills needed in business operations. It provides the student with adequate background in business operation aided by the tools of research, financial management, administrative policies, managerial accounting, managerial economics and other business-related courses. It also provides them with the managerial skills for productivity and total quality management.
Master of Arts in Educational Management (MAEd.) Course provides advanced knowledge and skills in educational management. It prepares the professionals of the education sector to become administrators, supervisors of educational institutions and professionalizes teaching proficiency of the individuals to become researchers in education and related fields for the improvement of school management and instruction. It trains the professionals to become leaders in educational management.
College of Information Technology
- Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT)
- Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (BSCS)
- Two-Year Computer Technician Course (CTC) - TESDA
- Two-Year Computer Programming Course (CPC) - TESDA
- Two-Year Computer Programming (Ladderized BSIT Program - TVET)
- One-Year PC Operations (Ladderized BSIT Program - TVET)
- Hardware Servicing NC II - TESDA
College of Business Education
- Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management (BSHRM)
- Bachelor of Science in Office Administration (BSOA)
- Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA)
Major in:
- Operational Management
- Marketing Management
- Financial Management
2-year courses:
- Two-Year Computer Secretarial Course (CSC)
- Two-Year Medical Secretarial Course (MSC)
College of Accountancy
- Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (BSA)
College of Health Sciences
- Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
- Graduate in Midwifery (GM)
College of Teacher Education
- Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education (BSEd)
Major in:
- English
- Filipino
- Mathematics
- Home Economics
- General Science
- Religious Education
- Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd)
Major in:
- English
- Filipino
- Mathematics
- Home Economics
- Science and Health
College of Arts and Sciences
- Bachelor of Science in Public Administration (BSPA)
- Bachelor of Science in Psychology (BSPsych)
- Bachelor of Arts (AB)
Major in:
- English
- Filipino
- Mathematics
- Science
- Political Science
- Economics and Philosophy
College of Criminology
- Bachelor of Science in Criminology (BSCrim)
Basic Education
- Nursery and Kindergarten (with Music and Dance Subjects)
- Grade 1-10 (with computer subjects)
Special Science Curriculum and Basic Education Curriculum (for Grades 7-10)
K-12 Program
Senior High School
- Academic Track (Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) Strand, Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Strand & General Academic Strand)
- Technical-Vocational Livelihood Track (Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Information & Communications Technology (ICT) & Industrial Arts)
- Sports Track (Safety and First Aid, Human Movement, Fundamentals of Coaching, Sports Officiating and Activity Management, Fitness, Sports and Recreation Leadership, Psychosocial Aspects of Sports and Exercise, Fitness Testing and Basic Exercise Programming and Practicum (in-campus))
- Arts and Design Track (Creative Industries I: Arts and Design Appreciation and Production, Creative Industries II: Performing Arts, Physical and Personal Development in the Arts, Developing Filipino Identity in the Arts, Integrating the Elements and Principles of Organization in the Arts, Leadership and Management in Different Arts Fields & Apprenticeship and Exploration of Different Arts Fields)
National Service Training Program
- Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
- Literacy Training Service (LTS)
- Citizen Military Training (CMS)
Administration
Board of Directors
Name | Position |
---|---|
Rosario Arranz-Lim | Chairman |
Rev. Msgr. Francisco U. Uanan | Vice Chairman |
Rev. Fr. Edmundo C. Castañeda, Jr. | Secretary |
Rev. Fr. Patrick B. Pua | Treasurer |
Rev. Fr. Ramon Ma. Navarro | Member |
Rev. Fr. Francisco R. Albano | Member |
Mr. Cesar G. Guzman, Jr., CPA | Member |
Administrators
Name | Position | Description |
---|---|---|
Salome S. Cariño, Ph.D | President | The President is the Chief Executive Officer of the school responsible for efficient and effective management and the realization of the goals and objectives of the institution. |
Elena C. Ariola, Ph.D | Vice President | The Vice President exercises supervision of activities of the departments under her/his care and undertakes thorough review of Financial Reports as well as management and disposition of funds. |
Administrative Staff
Name | Position | Description |
---|---|---|
Elena C. Ariola, Ph.D | Concurrent Head, HRMDO | Perform with competence and comply with the laws, school policies, standards, rules andregulations that have been or may hereafter be promulgated. |
Alona L. Melad, CPA, MBA | Internal Auditor | Organizes and coordinates the audit and review of the department/office's performance and compliance according to existing approved manual of operations and guidelines of the school and generally accepted accounting principles. |
Imelda B. Cordova | Coordinator, Campus Christian Formation Ministry | Directly accountable/responsible of the Christian Formation/Campus Ministry programs and activities of the school community. |
Alona L. Melad, CPA, MBA | Head, Accounts Office (Main Campus) | Exercises supervision of the activities of the Accounting Division which undertakes the recording and reporting of financial plans and budget. |
Leonilo P. Pascual, CPA, Ph.D | Head, Accounts Office (Cabagan Campus) | Exercises supervision of the activities of the Accounting Division which undertakes the recording and reporting of financial plans and budget. |
Elvira C. Lucas, MBA | College Registrar | Responsible for planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling the activities of the Registrar's Office involving student registration, transfer, graduation, and maintenance and safe keeping of all pertinent records. |
Engr. Mario Q. Sevilla, Ph.D | Head, General Services Department | N/A |
Zenaida D. Ariola, MBA | Head, Community Extension Services | Plans and prepares the school's outreach activities in coordination/consultation with the Dean/Principal and the faculty. |
Ma. Fernanda A. Alindayu, MBA | Head, Office of the Student Affairs and Services | Committed to the promotion of a holistic formation of the student and adviser through a variety of programs, activities and projects that will enhance the intellectual, social, spiritual, cultural, and physical dimensions of their personality. |
Jeanette A. Rosario, MD | Head, Medical/Dental Services | Conducts regular medical and dental examination of students, faculty members and other employees of the school. |
Ronalyn P. Ranjo, RGC | OIC Head, Guidance Services | Conducts regular medical and dental examination of students, faculty members and other employees of the school. |
Jhoanne M. Tungcul, MA Psych | Senior Guidance Counselor (Cabagan Campus) | Conducts regular medical and dental examination of students, faculty members and other employees of the school. |
Editha G. Sevilla, MBA | Head, Laboratory Services | Responsible for the over all science laboratory property and carries out established policies and rules for their proper use by the different science classes. |
Adelaida B. Andal | Senior Librarian, Library Services | Plans developmental programs for the library and provides direction, control and supervision over the activities of the school library system. |
Avelina R. Pardo | OIC, Cashier's Office | Responsible in cash collection, maintaining records, and safeguarding, depositing of money etc. |
Academic Heads
Name | Position |
---|---|
Prescilo L. Buslig, Ph.D. | Dean, Graduate School, Dean, College of Arts & Sciences |
Charina G. Alejo, Ph.D | Dean, College of Teacher Education |
Renato M. Alamo, MBA | Dean, College of Business Education |
Ma. Monette P. Alburo, CPA | Dean, College of Accountancy |
Ramon Z. Marayag, MBA, MIT | Dean, College of Information Technology |
Diosdado T. Patubo, LLb., M. Crim | Dean, College of Criminology |
Quinsley R. Jimenez, RN, MSN | OIC-Dean, College of Health Sciences |
Cesar B. Malenab, Ph.D. | College Dean, SFC Cabagan Campus |
Bethzaida S. Balingao, Ph. D. | Principal, High School Department - SFC Main Campus |
Jocelyn M. Claravall, Ph.D | Principal, Elementary Department - SFC Main Campus |
Estrella L. Lagundi, MS Math | Principal, High School Department - SFC Cabagan Campus |
Subject Area Chairman and Area Coordinators
The Subject Area Chairman is a senior faculty member who is responsible in planning, organizing and directing the activities in his subject area in coordination with the Dean.
Name | Position |
---|---|
Jocelyn P. Tangonan, CPA | Chair, Professional Accounting Subjects |
Amadeo B. Balingao | Chair, Physical Education |
Renato M. Alamo, MBA | Chair, Business Related Subjects |
Charina G. Alejo, Ph.D | Chair, English Area |
Ma. Nelita M. Fayloga | Chair, Filipino Area |
Benedicta M. Uy, M.A. Math | Chair, Mathematics Area |
Michael Kit T. Pobre | Chair, Computer Education Area |
Rizza Emily B. Roque, M. Chem. | Chair, Science Area |
Carlos H. Teel | Chair, Social Science Area |
Julie R. Manayan, MS Crim | Criminology Coordinator |
Vilma T. Villaluz, RM | Midwifery Program Coordinator |
Marilou A. Malabug, RN, MSN | Health Sciences Academic Coordinator |
Rosendo I. Bariuad, M.A. English | National Service Training Program Coordinator |
Marilou A. Malabug, RN, MSN | Nursing Academic Coordinator |
Ma. Elenita D. Sinad | Nursing RLE Coordinator |
Felomena L. Laureta, RM | Midwifery RLE Coordinator |
Jo Carmelo C. Lucas, MBA | BSBA Coordinator |
Aileen P. Lamson, MBA | HRM Program Coordinator |
Amadeo B. Balingao | Sports Coordinator |
Arvin C. Balisi | Cultural Affairs Coordinator |
Elsa A. Cadiente, Ph.D | Science Laboratory Coordinator (High School Department - Main Campus) |
Edwin T. Tandayu | Student Affairs Coordinator (Cabagan Campus) |
Cherry M. Buyayo, MA.Ed | Student Teaching Coordinator (Cabagan Campus) |
Demetrio U. Divina, Jr. | Scholarship Coordinator (Cabagan Campus) |
Lamberto L. Lamorena | Crime Laboratory Coordinator (Cabagan Campus) |
Orlando R. Macaballug, MA.Ed | Sports and Cultural Affairs Coordinator/National Service Training Program Coordinator (Cabagan Campus) |
Cesar B. Malenab, Ph.D | Extension and Research Coordinator (Cabagan Campus) |
Jim Bunagan | Laboratory Technician (Cabagan Campus) |
Students
Several co-curricular clubs and organizations exist in SFC. They are organized to complement the academic programs. Each club or organized to complement the academic programs. Each club or organization has its own constitution and by-laws and specific objectives to attain. The following are the currently recognized clubs and organization in SFC.
- The Gazette, the official publication of Saint Ferdinand College
- Student Body Governing and Coordinating Council (SBGCC)
- Criminology SBO
- Secret Service and Investigation Society
- College of Health and Sciences SBO
- Student Health Organization
- Office Administration SBO
- Business Education SBO
- Business Management Association of the Philippines
- Philippines Association of Students Office Administration
- CAS
- Education SBO
- English Club (HOMER)
- Science Club
- Filipino Club
- Mathematics Club
- Homemakers Club
- Young Educators Society (YES)
- Prime Movers Society
- Organization of Political Science Major
- CIT SBO
- ABACUS Society
- College of Accountancy SBO
- Junior Philippine Institute of Accountants (JPIA)
- Campus Ministry Club
- Echoes of Christ, Catechist
- Community Extension Club
- CAES - Organization of the Academic Scholars
- Psychology Student Society
- RAGPICKERS
- Red Cross Youth (RCY)
- KANTALA Dance Troupe
- KORO Fernandino
References
- ↑ "List of Higher Institutions in Region 02". Commission on Higher Education. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
- ↑ "Saint Ferdinand College". Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
- ↑ "History of Saint Ferdinand College". Saint Ferdinand College website. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
- ↑ "Sain Ferdinand College Cabagan, Isabea". Eskwelahan.com. Retrieved 22 August 2013.