St Neots

St Neots
St Neots sign
St Neots  St Neots shown within Cambridgeshire
Population	31,165 (2011 Census)
OS grid reference	TL185605
– London	49 miles (79 km) S
Civil parish	St Neots
District	Huntingdonshire
Shire county	Cambridgeshire
Region	East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	ST. NEOTS
Postcode district	PE19
Dialling code	01480
Police	Cambridgeshire
Fire	Cambridgeshire
Ambulance	East of England
EU Parliament	East of England
UK Parliament	Huntingdon
List of places UK England Cambridgeshire

Coordinates: 52°14′N 0°16′W / 52.23°N 0.26°W / 52.23; -0.26

St Neots /sᵻnt ˈniːəts/ is a town and civil parish in the non metropolitan county of Cambridgeshire, England, within the historic county of Huntingdonshire, next to the Bedfordshire county border. It lies on the River Great Ouse in the Huntingdonshire District, 15 miles (24 km) west of Cambridge and 49 miles (79 km) north of central London. St Neots is the largest town in Cambridgeshire ^{[note 1]} with a population of approximately 40,000 in 2014. The town is named after the Cornish monk Saint Neot whose bones were subject to translation from the hamlet of St Neot on Bodmin Moor on consecration of the Priory of St Neots c. 980.^[1]

Pilgrimage to St Neots brought prosperity for the town, and it was granted a market charter in 1130. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the town enjoyed further prosperity through corn milling, brewing, stagecoach traffic and railways. After the Second World War, the town and its industry grew rapidly as London councils paid for new housing to be built in the town to rehouse families from London. The first London overspill housing was completed in the early 1960s.

History

Early history

In 2012, archaeological excavations discovered prehistoric Mesolithic, Early Neolithic era, Iron Age, Roman and Early Middle Saxon items at the new town centre cinema development.^[2] Some five years earlier, Cambridge University Archaeologists uncovered significant remains of an Iron Age settlement of Round Houses during eastern town excavations. These findings confirm settlements having existed for over 3,000 years. Roman Saxon and Medieval finds have also been made in and around St Neots. Early Saxon developments were in Eynesbury, Eaton Socon and Eaton Ford, which still exist as part of the town today; and Maltman's Green and Crosshall Ford which are no longer recognised.

The Anglo Saxon Chronicles record that in 917 the Danish King of East Anglia left Huntingdon to attack Saxon settlements but was defeated and killed at the Battle of Tempsford near St Neots. The Normans rebuilt the Priory near the river and, in 1113, the Priory of St Neots was given its own manor, separate from Eyenesbury, which it had previously been part of.^[3] The town formed was named St Neots, and remained partially entwined with Eynesbury until approximately 1204, when the two parishes were formally separated.^[3] A castle was built in the 12th century on the riverbank at Eaton (modern Eaton Socon). The earth mound remnants of this still exist today.

The parish church was rebuilt in the 15th century, and is one of the few currently extant churches of this period in England. A large part of the original church remains, including stained glass windows depicting the life of Christ.^[4]

The Great Ouse was made navigable from St Ives to Bedford, via St Neots, in 1629, increasing river-borne trade in the town.^[3]

The separate village of Eynesbury became re-incorporated into St Neots in 1876.

20th century to present

Eaton Ford and Eaton Socon, two villages across the county boundary formed by the River Great Ouse in Bedfordshire, were merged into St Neots in 1965.

Technology-based industries are located in some of the town's light industrial estates, and there is a gas turbine power station at Little Barford on the edge of the town. Recent development has added Eynesbury Manor, Love's Farm, and the Island, Little Paxton bringing the population above 40,000. It is projected that the population of the town will be 65,000 by the end of the Huntingdonshire Local Plan period (2036).

Government

The lowest tier of local government is for the civil parish which in the case of St Neots is known as a town council. The town council consists of twenty-one elected councillors who are elected for a term of four years. A town mayor and a deputy town mayor are elected from among the town councillors. The town council is elected by those residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll. the town council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces or playing fields. The town council reviews all planning applications that might affect the town and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the civil parish. The town council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The town council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards.^[5] Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism.^[6] St Neots is part of four district wards; St Neots Eaton Ford, St Neots Eaton Socon, St Neots Eynesbury, and St Neots Priory Park. St Neots is represented on the district council by two councillors for each district ward.^[5][7] District councillors serve for four year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For St Neots the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services.^[8] Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions.^[9] St Neots is part of two electoral divisions; Little Paxton and St Neots North; and St Neots Eaton Socon and Eynesbury.^[7] St Neots is represented on the county council by two councillors for each electoral division.^[9]

At Westminster St Neots is in the parliamentary constituency of Huntingdon,^[7] and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. St Neots is represented in the House of Commons by Jonathan Djanogly (Conservative). Jonathan Djanogly has represented the constituency since 2001. St Neots was in the safe Conservative constituency of Cambridgeshire South West from 1983 until 1997 when it was transferred to Huntingdon, whose MP at the time was the then-Prime Minister John Major (although he was briefly Leader of the Opposition and then a backbencher for most of his four years in the seat on those boundaries until his retirement). For the European Parliament St Neots is part of the East of England constituency which elects seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Geography

St Neots is situated approximately 49 miles north of London. It is close to the south-western boundary of Huntingdonshire District, and both the city of Cambridge and the county town of Bedford are nearby.

	Hail Weston	Little Paxton	Great Paxton
	Colmworth		Croxton, Cambridgeshire
		St Neots
	Wyboston	Little Barford	Abbotsley

St Neots lies in the valley of the River Great Ouse, partly on the flood plain and partly on slightly higher ground a little further from the water. The Great Ouse is a mature river, once wide and shallow but now controlled by weirs and sluices and usually constrained in a well-defined channel.

Tributaries entering the Great Ouse in the town are the River Kym, Hen Brook, Duloe Brook and Colmworth Brook. The area is generally low-lying. The Riverside Fields, an amenity area adjacent to St Neots Bridge, is designed as a flood buffer area, and is under water at times of flood, protecting dwelling and commercial property from flood.

St Neots developed at the site of a ford where overland routes converged. This was replaced by a medieval bridge, and today there are two further crossings just outside the town, one to the north and another to the south.

The soil is mainly light, overlying gravel beds, and gravel extraction is one of the local industries. Older disused gravel pits form useful nature reserves and amenity areas at nearby Paxton Pits and at the Wyboston Leisure Park. Away from the river, the higher land is mainly a heavy clay soil with few large settlements. Much of the land is used for arable farming.

Climate

The climate in the United Kingdom is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe.^[10] Eastern areas of the United Kingdom, such as East Anglia, are drier, cooler, less windy and also experience the greatest daily and seasonal temperature variations. Protected from the cool onshore coastal breezes further to the east of the region, Cambridgeshire is warm in summer, and cold and frosty in winter.

Climate data for St Neots, 2000–2012
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	8 (46)	8 (46)	11 (52)	12 (54)	17 (63)	19 (66)	22 (72)	22 (72)	18 (64)	14 (57)	10 (50)	7 (45)	14 (57)
Average low °C (°F)	3 (37)	2 (36)	4 (39)	4 (39)	8 (46)	10 (50)	13 (55)	13 (55)	10 (50)	7 (45)	5 (41)	3 (37)	6.83 (44.29)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	27.3 (1.075)	5.4 (0.213)	16 (0.63)	30.2 (1.189)	16.5 (0.65)	26.3 (1.035)	30.4 (1.197)	23.8 (0.937)	36.5 (1.437)	31.1 (1.224)	27.6 (1.087)	21.4 (0.843)	292.5 (11.516)
Average precipitation days	4	3	4	3	4	5	5	5	5	4	6	4	52
Source: World Weather Online[11]

Demography

Population

In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of St Neots was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 1,752 (the lowest was in 1801) and 3,321 (the highest was in 1861).^[12]

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

Parish	1911	1921	1931	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2011
St Neots	4,171	4,110	4,314	4,700	5,554	15,204	21,290	24,529	26,356	31,165

Except for 2011, all population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.^[12] 2011 Census figure.^[13]

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 3,776 acres (1,528 hectares)^[12] and the population density of St Neots in 2011 was 5,232.2 persons per square mile (2,020.3 per square kilometre).

Transport

Rail

St Neots railway station is located on the East Coast Main Line and provides half-hourly trains south to London (London King's Cross) and north to Peterborough. Journey times to London King's Cross typically range from 36 minutes to one hour. The station is managed and served by Great Northern.

A new footbridge opened in February 2014, linking the Love's Farm housing development and Rowley Park Stadium to the railway station and the rest of the town, as well as providing lifts to all platforms.

Road

St Neots is bypassed by the A1 which links the town by road with London to the South and Peterborough to the North, while the nearby A14 provides access to the Midlands and East Anglia.

Until the three-mile £8m A45 St Neots Bypass opened in December 1985 (subsequently re-designated as the A428), traffic to and from Cambridge had to pass through the town centre.

The A421 begins at Black Cat Roundabout on the A1 just South of the town, connecting with Bedford and Milton Keynes, and carrying much of the traffic between Oxford and Cambridge.

Bus

Regular local buses are provided by Stagecoach in Huntingdonshire and Go Whippet. St Neots is served by the cross country X5 service that runs between Cambridge and Oxford.

There is also the Route 66, run by Stagecoach which goes into Huntingdon.

Air

St Neots is within an hour's drive from London Luton Airport and London Stansted Airport

St Neots Foot and Cycle Bridge

The route and location of the St Neots (Southern) Foot and Cycle Bridge.
Location	Cambridgeshire
Geometry	KML

Cycling

St Neots is on Route 51 of the Sustrans national cycle route that connects Colchester and Oxford via Harwich, Felixstowe, Ipswich, Bury St Edmunds, Cambridge, Huntingdon, Sandy, Bedford and Milton Keynes.

Recent developments

St Neots (Southern) Foot and Cycle Bridge

A foot and cycle bridge across the River Great Ouse was opened in 2011, connecting the communities of Eaton Socon and Eynesbury. A public consultation on the scheme was held in 2003 with public exhibitions held in December 2008. The new bow string arch bridge has a span of 346 m (1,135 ft) (including access ramps), and includes lighting and improvements to the connecting cycle paths. The scheme was supported by Cambridgeshire County Council, Huntingdonshire District Council and is a Sustrans Connect2 project. The bridge had an estimated construction cost of £3.5 million with Sustrans contributing an additional £700,000.^[14] The construction started in January 2011 and was completed on time and within budget during September 2011. The use of a Compulsory Purchase Order for the necessary land was approved. The route of the cycle way has connected Shakespeare Road, in Eaton Socon, to Barford Road, in Eynesbury and follows the southern boundary of St Neots Community School.^[15]

Sport and leisure

St Neots has a semi-professional non-League football team, St Neots Town F.C., who play at Rowley Park Stadium. The club are currently members of the Southern Football League Premier Division. The town also has a Rugby club St Neots RUFC, a rowing club St Neots Rowing Club and a Dragon Boat team.

The Rowley Arts Centre was opened in May 2014. The development includes a piazza walkway line with popular national chain restaurants and state-of-the-art cinema complex. The development is named after Peter Rowley, an American playwright, author and critic who was Lord of the Manor of St Neots. He donated £1 million towards the development.

The cinema contains six screens capable of accommodating a total 900 people. The build specification is in accordance with Cineworld deluxe standard and nearly all screens are equipped with latest 3D projection. The Rowley Auditorium also provides a venue for live performances which has adapted seating area and spotlighting. There are also lifts and box seating for disabled visitors.

Culture

St Neots Museum, housed in the towns Victorian Police Station and Magistrates Court, has local history collections covering the towns rich past including a display about James Toller, the Eynesbury Giant, a resident from the 18th Century who measured over 8 ft in height. There is also a gallery with temporary exhibitions by local creatives including fine art, ceramics, sculpture and illustration.

Local notable music venues include the Priory Centre,^[16] and has been host to many great entertainers as well as holding productions by local amateur dramatic groups and the Pig and Falcon, which has live music every Wednesday, Friday and Saturday and regular open mic nights.

There is a thriving theatre community with four active groups – Riverside Theatre Company^[17] who stage productions, run workshops and have groups for all ages; VAMPS^[18] formed in 1961 as the St Neots and District Operatic Society and stage popular musicals and variety shows; award-winning, St Neots Players,^[19] formed in the late 1920s as a play-reading group with past members who used to perform the annual Shakespeare, Pantomime and other mid-season productions at the Kings Head Hotel in the Stables Theatre; and Stageworks,^[20] a performing arts group offering classes, holiday programmes, workshops and a college offering full-time training to students aged 16 years and over that prepares students for musical theatre and acting.

The local creative community is served by art youth club, Vir2oso,^[21] which runs regular workshops and clubs for 8 and 17 year-olds at the Bargoves Centre and aims to encourage and support children who feel despondent and dejected in their school life and those with learning difficulties. There is also Neotists,^[22] a group for creative professionals with members covering design, illustration, art, photography and IT, which commissions local creatives to collaborate on projects, run workshops and events for the community and provide opportunities and connections for professionals working in the creative industry.

Notable residents

John Bellingham, the only man to assassinate a British Prime Minister (Spencer Perceval on 11 May 1812), lived in St Neots.^[23]

Footballers John Gregory, Lee Philpott, and Tim Breacker are from the town, as well as Olympic High Jump Bronze medallist Robbie Grabarz and Olympic fencer Graham Paul. Multiple World short course swimming champion Mark Foster also lives in St Neots.^[24] Other people from the town include actor Rula Lenska.^[25]

Notes

References

External links

• Town Council
• Official tourism website for St Neots