Sarju River

This article is about the tributary of Sharda. For Sarayu River of Ayodhya, see Sarayu river.
Sarju River

Sarju River flowing through Bageshwar

Sarju River flowing through Bageshwar
Country  India
State Uttarakhand
region Kumaon
Basin
Main source Kumaon Himalaya, 15 km south of Nanda Kot
3,000 m (9,800 ft)
30°7′58″N 80°1′56″E / 30.13278°N 80.03222°E / 30.13278; 80.03222 (Primary source of Sarju River)
River mouth Sharda River,[1] Uttarakhand, India
420 m (1,380 ft)
29°26′38″N 80°14′33″E / 29.44389°N 80.24250°E / 29.44389; 80.24250 (Mouth of Sarju River)Coordinates: 29°26′38″N 80°14′33″E / 29.44389°N 80.24250°E / 29.44389; 80.24250 (Mouth of Sarju River)
Alt. difference Approx. 2,580 m (8,460 ft)[2]
Physical characteristics
Length 130 km
Features
Tributaries
  • Left:
    Ramganga, Punger
  • Right:
    Gomti, Panar, Lahor

The Sarju River (also Saryu) is a major river draining Central Kumaon region[3] in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.[4] The Sarju is the largest tributary of the Sharda River.[5][6] The river forms the South-eastern border between the districts of Pithoragarh and Almora.[7][8] Temperate and sub-Tropical forests cover the entire Catchment area of the River.[9]

Course

The Sarju rises in the extreme north of the district Bageshwar on the southern slope of a ridge of the Nanda Kot. It flows initially around 50 km in southwest direction by the Kumaon Himalayas where it receives Punger river from the left and Lahor river from the right.[10] Then the river turns towards south and flows through the city of Bageshwar, where it receives Gomati from the right.[11][12] The Sarju flows to the lower 65 km in mainly southeastern direction.[13] 20 km above its mouth, Ramganga meets the left side on the Sarju. Finally Sarju reaches at Pancheshwar at the Nepalese border to Sharda River after travelling a total of 130 km.

Geology

Sarju transfers a sedimental load of 498.4kg/sec during the peak of raining season.[14]

 Water Quality Characteristics of Sarju during water years 1987 and 1988[15][16]
Parameter PH Alkalinity Hardness Conductivity Calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium Chloride Sulphate
Value 7.9 111.2 101.32 137.11 18.89 11.11 3.50 1.80 8.10 2.41

Tributaries

Gomati

Gomati river originates in the higher reaches of Bhatkot and merges into Sarju river at Bageshwar.[17] It flows through the Katyur Valley which constitutes a major Agricultural zone of Kumaon.[18]

Punger

Punger river rises near village Sangar and joins Sarju from the left at Sartana.[19]

Lahor

Lahor is a small river that joins Sarju from the right.[20]

Panar

Panar originates on the northern slopes of the Mornaula Range, south-east of Almora.[21] Panar joins Sarju near Rameshwar.[22]

Ramganga

Main article: Ramganga

Ramganga is the largest tributary of Sarju. It originates from the Namik Glacier in Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand and flows towards Southeast.[23][24] The river is fed by numerous small and big rivers and finally joins river Sarju at Rameshwar.[25]

Notes

  1. ↑ Sharda River is known as Kali Ganga in mountainous regions of Kumaon
  2. ↑ The Elevation of source and Elevation of Mouth has been used to find out this estimate
  3. ↑ Negi, Kumaun: The Land and the People, pg-82
  4. ↑ Conder, India, pg-238
  5. ↑ Gulia, Discovering Himalaya: Tourism Of Himalayan Region, pg-84
  6. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-18
  7. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-170
  8. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-331
  9. ↑ Negi, Himalayan Rivers, Lakes, and Glaciers, pg-120
  10. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-182
  11. ↑ Budhawar, The Call of the Mountains: Uttrakhand Explored, pg-39
  12. ↑ Guneratne, Culture and the Environment in the Himalaya, pg-134
  13. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-182
  14. ↑ Bhatt, Ecology of the Mountain Waters, pg-48,49
  15. ↑ All values in mg/l except ph and conductivity
  16. ↑ Bhatt, Ecology of the Mountain Waters, pg-97
  17. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19
  18. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19
  19. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-183
  20. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-182
  21. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19
  22. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19
  23. ↑ Negi, Himalayan Rivers, Lakes, and Glaciers, pg-115
  24. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-18
  25. ↑ Negi, Himalayan Rivers, Lakes, and Glaciers, pg-48

References

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