House of Glücksburg

This article is about the ducal house that currently rules Denmark and Norway. For the elder line, see Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (elder line).

House of Glücksburg

Country	Kingdom of Denmark Kingdom of Greece (former) Kingdom of Iceland (former) Kingdom of Norway Schleswig-Holstein (claimed)
Parent house	House of Oldenburg
Titles	Duke of Schleswig-Holstein King of Denmark King of Iceland King of Norway King of the Hellenes (abolished) King of the Goths King of the Wends Duke of Glücksburg
Founded	6 July 1825
Founder	Friedrich Wilhelm
Current head	Christoph

The House of Glücksburg (Danish: Huset Glücksborg; German: Haus Glücksburg; Greek: Οίκος του Γκλύξμπουργκ, Íkos tou Glíksbourg) (shortened version of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg; Danish: Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Lyksborg, also spelled -Glücksborg) is a Dano-German ducal family and a branch of the House of Oldenburg, members of which have at various times reigned in Denmark, Norway and Greece.

Margrethe II of Denmark, Harald V of Norway, Constantine II of Greece and Charles, Prince of Wales are patrilineal members of cadet branches of the Glücksburg dynasty.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Glücksburg Castle, one of the most important Renaissance castles in northern Europe

History

The family takes its ducal name from Glücksburg, a small coastal town in Schleswig, on the southern, German side of the fjord of Flensburg that divides Germany from Denmark.^[2] In 1460 Glücksburg came, as part of the conjoined Dano-German duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, to Count Christian VII of Oldenburg whom, in 1448, the Danes had elected their king as Christian I, the Norwegians likewise taking him as their hereditary king in 1450.^[2]

In 1564 Christian I's great-grandson, King Frederick II, in re-distributing Schleswig and Holstein's fiefs, retained some lands for his own senior royal line while allocating to his brother Duke John the Younger (1545-1622) Glücksburg, along with Sonderburg.^[2] John's heirs further sub-divided their share creating, among other branches, a line of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg dukes at Beck (an estate near Minden bought by the family in 1605), who remained vassals of Denmark's kings.^[2]

By 1825 the castle of Glücksburg had returned to the Danish crown (from another ducal branch called Glücksburg, extinct in 1779), and was given that year by King Frederick VI, along with a new ducal title, to his kinsman Fredrick of Beck.^[4] Frederick suffixed it to the ducal title he already bore, in lieu of "Beck", an estate the family had, in fact, sold in 1745.^[2] Thus emerged the extant Dukes of Schleswigh-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. As the royal Danish line of Oldenburgs died out in 1863 and the senior lines of the Schleswig-Holstein family became extinct with the death of the last male of the Augustenburg branch in 1931, the House of Glücksburg became the senior surviving line of the House of Oldenburg, the most junior branch of which ruled the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg until 1918, and survives.^[2]

Neither the Dukes of Beck nor of Glücksburg were sovereign rulers; they held their lands in fief to the sovereign Dukes of Schleswig and Holstein, i.e. the Kings of Denmark and, before 1773, the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp.

Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, the fourth son of Fredrick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, was recognized in the London Protocol of 1852 as successor to the childless King Frederick VII of Denmark, as Christian was married to Frederick's first cousin, Luise of Hesse-Kassel. He became King of Denmark as Christian IX on 15 November 1863.

Wilhelm, the second son of Crown Prince Christian and Crown Princess Luise, was elected King of the Hellenes on 30 March 1863 to succeed the deposed Wittelsbach Otto of Greece and took the name George I of Greece.

Prince Carl, the second son of Frederick VIII of Denmark, Christian IX's eldest son, became King of Norway on 18 November 1905 as Haakon VII of Norway.

Christian IX's daughters, Alexandra of Denmark and Dagmar of Denmark (as Maria Feodorovna) became the consorts of, respectively, Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Alexander III of Russia. As a result, by 1914, descendants of King Christian IX held the crowns of several European realms; Christian IX became known as the Father-in-law of Europe.

Christian IX's older brother inherited formal headship of the family as Karl, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. It is his descendants who now represent the senior line of both the Schleswig-Holstein branch and of the entire House of Oldenburg.

Patrilineal ancestry of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm

Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

Main article: List of members of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

For the elder line of dukes, see Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (elder line).

Coat of arms of the Prince of Schleswig-Holstein

The Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg constitute the senior male line of the family, hold headship by primogeniture of both the House of Glücksburg and the entire House of Oldenburg.

Name	Life	Reign
Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg	1785–1831	1825–1831
Karl, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg	1813–1878	1831–1878
Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg	1814–1885	1878–1885
Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein	1855–1934	1885–1934
Wilhelm Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein	1891–1965	1934–1965
Peter, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein	1922–1980	1965–1980
Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein	1949–	1980–

The heir apparent is Friedrich Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1985).

Denmark

Main articles: List of Danish monarchs, Monarchs' family tree, Denmark, and Monarchy of Denmark

Coat of arms of the Queen of Denmark

In 1853, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg became heir to the Kingdom of Denmark, and in 1863, he ascended the throne. He was the third son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, whose elder brother (and male-line descendants) retained the Glücksburg dukedom.

Name	Life	Reign	Additional titles
Christian IX of Denmark	1818–1906	1863–1906	King of the Wends King of the Goths Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg Prior to ascending the throne: Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Danish: Prins af Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Glückborg)
Frederick VIII of Denmark	1843–1912	1906–1912	King of the Wends King of the Goths Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg
Christian X of Denmark	1870–1947	1912–1947	King of Iceland (used 1918–1944) King of the Wends King of the Goths Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg
Frederick IX of Denmark	1899–1972	1947–1972	King of the Wends King of the Goths Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg
Margrethe II of Denmark	1940–	1972–

The heir apparent is Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark (b. 1968), who belongs agnatically to the Monpezat family. See the present line of succession. Although there are no more male members of the dynastic line of Glũcksburgs domiciled in Denmark, there are descendants of Christian IX who married without the monarch's permission, thus forfeiting their royal status,^[5] who received the Danish noble title "Count of Rosenborg" (and the style of Excellency), heritable by their descendants in the legitimate male line.

Greece

Main articles: Greece, Monarchy of Greece, and List of Greek monarchs

Coat of arms of the King of the Hellenes

Thirty-drachma coin of 1963, commemorating the centennial of the reign of the House of Glücksburg. Clockwise from the top: Paul, George II, Alexander, Constantine I and George I.

In 1863 and with the name George I, Prince Wilhelm of Denmark became King of the Hellenes. His father was King Christian IX of Denmark.

Name	Life	Reign	Additional titles
George I of Greece	1845–1913	1863–1913	Prince of Denmark Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Constantine I of Greece	1868–1923	1913–1917 1920–1922	Prince of Denmark Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Alexander of Greece	1893–1920	1917–1920	Prince of Denmark Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
George II of Greece	1890–1947	1922–1924 1935–1947	Prince of Denmark Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Paul of Greece	1901–1964	1947–1964	Prince of Denmark Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Constantine II of Greece	1940–	1964–1973	Prince of Denmark Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

The Hellenic monarchy was abolished in 1973. A referendum on the monarchy took place on December 8, 1974, and 69.18% of the voters decided against the return of the monarchy.

Norway

Main articles: Norway, Monarchy of Norway, and List of Norwegian monarchs

Coat of arms of the King of Norway

In 1905 and with the name Haakon VII, Prince Carl of Denmark became King of Norway. His father was King Frederick VIII of Denmark, and one of his uncles was King George I of Greece.

Name	Life	Reign	Additional titles
Haakon VII of Norway	1872–1957	1905–1957	Prince of Denmark Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Olav V of Norway	1903–1991	1957–1991	Prince of Denmark Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Harald V of Norway	1937–	1991–	Prince of Denmark Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

The heir apparent is Crown Prince Haakon of Norway (b. 1973). See the present line of succession.

Iceland

Main articles: Iceland, Monarchy of Iceland, Kingdom of Iceland, and List of Icelandic monarchs

Kingdom of Iceland

In 1918, Iceland was elevated from an autonomous Danish province to a separate Kingdom of Iceland. King Christian X of Denmark was henceforth King of Denmark and Iceland. This lasted until 1944, when Iceland dissolved the union between the two countries. Christian X was the only monarch to hold a distinct Icelandic title, and used the same CX cypher and the same regnal number as in Denmark.

Portrait	Name	Life	Reign	Additional titles
	Christian X of Iceland	1870–1947	1918–1944	King of Denmark King of the Wends King of the Goths Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg

The heir apparent was his son Frederick IX of Denmark (1899–1972).

Duke of Edinburgh

Main article: Duke of Edinburgh

Coat of arms of the Duke of Edinburgh

In 1947, Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark (who relinquished his princely titles and adopted the surname Mountbatten upon becoming a British subject prior to his wedding), was created Duke of Edinburgh by his father-in-law, George VI of the United Kingdom. Descendants in the male-line of his marriage to Queen Elizabeth II belong, by decree, to the House of Windsor and use "Windsor-Mountbatten as surname, when one is needed, rather than Glücksburg. The first seventeen places in the line of succession to the British throne are held by the Duke's descendants.

Portrait	Name	Life	Reign	Additional titles
	Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh^[2]	1921–	1947–	Earl of Merioneth Baron Greenwich

The heir is Charles, Prince of Wales (born 1948).^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Family tree

Family Tree of house of Oldenborg and its cadet branch the house of Glucksborg and its branches

Notes

↑ Whilst the letters patent state that the dukedom and two attached peerages are to be inherited by the heirs male of the original duke, i.e. by the current Prince of Wales as Philip's eldest son, it was announced in 1999 that Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, i.e. a younger brother of the Prince of Wales, would follow their father as Duke of Edinburgh. Pending changes to that effect, the Prince of Wales remains the ducal heir.

References

↑ "Prince Philip beats the record for longest-serving consort". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. 18 April 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Michel Huberty, Alain Giraud, F. and B. Magdelaine. L'Allemagne Dynastique, Volume VII. Laballery, 1994. pp. 7-8, 27-28, 30-31, 58, 144, 168, 181, 204, 213-214, 328, 344, 353-354, 356, 362, 367. ISBN 2-901138-07-1, ISBN 978-2-901138-07-5
↑ Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. "Burke’s Royal Families of the World: Volume I Europe & Latin America, 1977, pp. 325-326. ISBN 0-85011-023-8
↑ Gothaisches Genealogisches Handbuch der Fürstlchen Häuser, Band I. Verlag des Deutschen Adelsarchivs. Marburg. 2015. p. 140 (German). ISBN 978-3-9817243-0-1.
↑ Retsinformation.dk. Kongeloven, LOV nr 20001 af 14/11/1665 Gældende (Kongeloven) Offentliggørelsesdato: 28-01-2000 Statsministeriet. 1665. (English translation of the Kongelov). retrieved 25 April 2016.

External links

Royal houses of Europe

Nordic countries

Denmark	Knýtlinga Fairhair Estridsen Griffins Palatinate-Neumarkt Oldenburg Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

Finland	Bjelbo Mecklenburg Griffins Palatinate-Neumarkt Bonde Oldenburg Vasa Palatinate-Zweibrücken Hesse Holstein-Gottorp Romanov

Norway	Fairhair Knýtlinga Hardrada Gille Sverre Bjelbo Estridsen Griffins Palatinate-Neumarkt Bonde Oldenburg Holstein-Gottorp Bernadotte Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

Sweden	Munsö Stenkil Sverker Eric Bjelbo Estridsen Mecklenburg Griffins Palatinate-Neumarkt Bonde Oldenburg Vasa Palatinate-Zweibrücken Hesse-Kassel Holstein-Gottorp Bernadotte

Iceland	Fairhair Bjelbo Estridsen Griffins Palatinate-Neumarkt Bonde Oldenburg Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

Britain and Ireland

England	Mercia Wuffing Kent Sussex Essex Bernicia Deira Northumbria Uí Ímair Wessex Knýtlinga Normandy Angevin Plantagenet Lancaster York Tudor

Scotland	Fergus Óengus Strathclyde Mann and the Isles Alpin Northumbria Bernicia Uí Ímair Galloway Dunkeld Sverre Balliol Bruce Stuart

Wales	Dinefwr Aberffraw Gwynedd Mathrafal Cunedda

Ireland	Ulaid Dál Riata Érainn Corcu Loígde Laigin Connachta Uí Néill Ó Gallchobhair Ó Domhnail Ó Néill Ó Máel Sechlainn Mac Murchada Ó Briain Mac Lochlainn Ó Conchobhair

Great Britain	Stuart Orange-Nassau Hanover Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Windsor

Eastern Europe

Albania	Angevin Progon Arianiti Thopia Kastrioti Dukagjini Wied Zogu Savoy

Armenia²	Orontid Artaxiad Arsacid Bagratid Artsruni Rubenids Hethumids Lusignan Savoy

Bosnia	Boričević Kulinić Kotromanić Kosača Habsburg-Lorraine

Bulgaria	Dulo Krum Cometopuli Asen Smilets Terter Shishman Sratsimir Battenberg Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Cyprus²	Plantagenet Lusignan Savoy

Georgia¹	Pharnavazid Artaxiad Arsacid Chosroid Bagrationi

Greece	Argead Macedonian Doukas Komnenos Angelos Laskaris Palaiologos Wittelsbach Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

Lithuania	Mindaugas Gediminids Jagiellon Valois Báthory Vasa Wiśniowiecki Sobieski Wettin Leszczyński Poniatowski Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov

Moldavia	Dragoș (Drăgoșești) Rossetti Bogdan-Muşat Movilești Drăculeşti Ghica Cantacuzene Cantemirești Racoviță Mavrocordato Ypsilantis Soutzos Mourousi Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Basarab

Montenegro	Vojislavljević Crnojević Petrović-Njegoš

Romania	House of Basarab Rossetti Bogdan-Mușat Movilești Drăculești Ghica Cantacuzene Cantemirești Romanov Racoviță Mavrocordato Ypsilantis Soutzos Mourousi Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Romania/Royal family

Russia¹	Rurik Borjigin Godunov Shuysky Vasa Romanov

Serbia	Vlastimirović Vukanović Nemanjić Lazarević Branković Obrenović Karađorđević

Turkey¹	Ottoman

Ukraine	Rurikids Piast Gediminids Olshanski Olelkovich Giray Romanov Habsburg-Lorraine

¹ Transcontinental country. ² Entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe.

Western Europe

Belgium	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

France	Merovingian Carolingian Capet Valois Bourbon Bonaparte Orléans

Gaelic Ireland	Laigin Síl Conairi Ulaid Dáirine Osraige Cruthin Dál nAraidi Connachta Uí Fiachrach Uí Briúin Uí Néill Síl nÁedo Sláine Clann Cholmáin Eóganachta Chaisil Glendamnach Raithlind Uí Dúnlainge Uí Ímair (Norse) Uí Ceinnselaig Dál gCais Ó Briain Mac Carthaig Ó Conchobhair Ó Ruairc De Burgh (Norman) FitzGerald (Norman) Ó Domhnaill Ó Néill

Italy	Bonaparte Bourbon-Parma Bourbon-Two Sicilies Carolingian Della Rovere Este Farnese Flavian Gonzaga Grimaldi Habsburg Julio-Claudian Malatesta Medici Montefeltro Nerva–Antonine Ordelaffi Orsini Palaiologos Pallavicini Savoy Severan Sforza Visconti

Luxembourg	Orange-Nassau Nassau-Weilburg Bourbon-Parma

Monaco	Grimaldi

Netherlands	Bonaparte Orange-Nassau (Mecklenburg) (Lippe)

Portugal	Vímara Peres Borgonha Aviz Habsburgo Braganza Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Spain	Asturias Barcelona Jiménez Burgundy Champagne Capet Évreux Trastámara Habsburg Bourbon Bonaparte Savoy

Central Europe

Austria	Babenberg Habsburg Habsburg-Lorraine

Bohemia	Přemyslid Piast Luxembourg Jagiellon Habsburg Habsburg-Lorraine

Croatia	Trpimirović Domagojević Svačić Ottoman Luxembourg Habsburg Habsburg-Lorraine Bonaparte Savoy (disputed)

Germany	Ascania Carolingian Conradines Ottonian Luitpolding Salian Süpplingenburg Hohenstaufen Welf Habsburg Hanover Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Nassau Luxembourg Wittelsbach Schwarzburg Brunswick-Lüneburg House of Pomerania Hohenzollern Württemberg Oldenburg Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Orange-Nassau Nassau-Weilburg Mecklenburg Vasa Palatine Zweibrücken Hesse Holstein-Gottorp Romanov Bonaparte Wettin Lippe Zähringen

Hungary	Árpád Přemyslid Wittelsbach Angevin Luxembourg Hunyadi Jagiellon Szapolyai Habsburg Habsburg-Lorraine

Liechtenstein	Liechtenstein

Poland	Piast Přemyslid Samborides Griffins Jagiellon Valois Báthory Vasa Wiśniowiecki Sobieski Wettin Leszczyński Poniatowski After partitions: Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov Kingdom of Poland Habsburg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Wettin Duchy of Warsaw Lefebvre Duchy of Gdańsk Hohenzollern Duchy of Poznań

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