Scythris

Scythris

Imago of Scythris heinemanni at Cerreto Ratti (Borghetto di Borbera, Italy)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Division:	Ditrysia
Family:	Scythrididae (disputed)
Genus:	Scythris Hübner, [1825]
Type species
Tinea chenopodiella Hübner, [1813]
Species
Numerous, see text
Synonyms
^[1] Butalis Treitschke, 1833 Copida Sodoffsky, 1837 Galanthia Hübner, 1825 Rubioia Agenjo, 1962

Scythris is a genus of gelechioid moths. It is the type genus of the flower moth family, which is sometimes included as a subfamily in the Xyloryctidae, or together with these merged into the Oecophoridae.^[2]

It is the largest genus of flower moths, and as such might not be fully monophyletic with regard to some very small or monotypic genera placed in the same family. In addition, new species of Scythris continue to be discovered and described.^[3]

Selected species

Species groups

The species of Scythris have been divided among several groups, which may or may not be monophyletic; those that are may – provided they are closely enough related to the type species S. limbella – be considered subgenera. Species group include:^[4]

aerariella group

Scythris adustella Jäckh, 1978
Scythris aerariella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
Scythris anomaloptera (Staudinger, 1880)
Scythris binotiferella (Ragonot, 1880)
Scythris carboniella Jäckh, 1978
Scythris corsa Passerin d'Entrèves, 1986
Scythris dorycniella (Milliére, 1861)
Scythris flaviventrella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
Scythris hungaricella Rebel, 1917
Scythris imperiella Jäckh, 1978
Scythris jaeckhi Bengtsson, 1989
Scythris lhommei Bengtsson & Passerin d'Entrèves, 1988
Scythris parnassiae Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris popescugorji Passerin d'Entrèves, 1984
Scythris ridiculella Caradja, 1920
Scythris tergestinella (Zeller, 1855)
Scythris tumidella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001

alseriella group

Scythris alseriella (Turati, 1879)
Scythris fasciatella (Ragonot, 1880)

ammobia group

Scythris ammobia Falkovitch, 1972
Scythris asema Falkovitch, 1972
Scythris asthena Falkovitch, 1972
Scythris hypolepta Falkovitch, 1972
Scythris mongholica Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
Scythris physalis Falkovitch, 1972

Australian group

Scythris adelopa Meyrick, 1897
Scythris celidopa Meyrick, 1921
Scythris ceratocosma Meyrick, 1897
Scythris crypsigramma Meyrick, 1897
Scythris detestata Meyrick, 1922
Scythris diatoma (Turner, 1927)
Scythris erebospila Meyrick, 1897
Scythris fumida Turner, 1923
Scythris hologramma (Lower, 1899)
Scythris leucochyta (Turner, 1947)
Scythris paredra Meyrick, 1897
Scythris pleonectis Meyrick, 1897
Scythris plocanota Meyrick, 1897
Scythris praestructa Meyrick, 1922
Scythris rhabducha Meyrick, 1897
Scythris sporadica Meyrick, 1897
Scythris xenonympha (Lower, 1900)

canescens group

Scythris appendicella Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris articulatella Chrétien, 1915
Scythris barbatella Chrétien, 1915
Scythris biskraensis Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris canescens (Staudinger, 1880)
Scythris cupellella Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris curlettii Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris eremella Chrétien, 1915
Scythris eucharis Walsingham, 1907
Scythris maculosa Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris neftae Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris pediculella Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris pura Walsingham, 1907
Scythris senecai Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris tessulatella Rebel, 1903

cicadella group

Scythris arenbergeri Passerin d'Entrèves, 1986
Scythris bajanlegi Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
Scythris cicadella (Zeller, 1839)
Scythris moldavicella Caradja, 1905 (= S. balcanica)
Scythris potentillella (Zeller, 1847)
Scythris ventosella Chrétien 1907

cistorum group

Scythris cistorum (Milliére, 1876)
Scythris nieukerkeni Bengtsson, 1989
Scythris rondaensis Bengtsson, 1997

decrepidella group

Scythris decrepidella Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris goundafae Bengtsson, 1997

empetrella group

Scythris empetrella Karsholt & Nielsen 1976
Scythris gozmanyi Passerin d'Entrèves 1986

fallacella group

Scythris baldensis Passerin d'Entrèves 1979
Scythris fallacella (Schläger 1847)
Scythris oelandicella Müller-Rutz 1922
Scythris sappadensis Bengtsson, 1992
Scythris tremalzoi Bengtsson, 1992

formicella group

Scythris formicella Chrétien, 1915
Scythris kebiliensis Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris minima Bengtsson, 1997

fuscoaenea group

Scythris derrai Bengtsson, 1991
Scythris dissimilella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
Scythris fuscoaenea (Haworth, 1828)
Scythris parafuscoaenea Bengtsson, 1991
Scythris tabelli Junnilainen, 2002
Scythris tenuivittella (Stainton, 1867)
Scythris traugotti Bengtsson, 1991
Scythris vartianae Kasy, 1962
Scythris vittella (O.Costa, 1834)

grandipennis group

Scythris bornicensis Jäckh, 1977
Scythris constanti Walsingham, 1898
Scythris cupreella (Staudinger, 1859)
Scythris ericetella (Heinemann, 1872)
Scythris grandipennis (Haworth, 1828)
Scythris kasyi Hannemann, 1962
Scythris maroccensis Jäckh, 1977
Scythris nevadensis Passerin d'Entrèves, 1990
Scythris salviella Meess, 1910
Scythris scipionella (Staudinger, 1859)
Scythris scorpionella Jäckh, 1977
Scythris siculella Jäckh, 1977
Scythris tabidella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)

inertella group

Scythris ethmiella Amsel, 1974
Scythris inertella (Zeller, 1855)
Scythris xanthopygella (Staudinger, 1859)

insulella ("ericivorella") group

Scythris ericivorella (Ragonot, 1880)
Scythris insulella (Staudinger, 1859)

klimeschi group

Scythris guimarensis Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris klimeschi Bengtsson, 1997

knochella group

Scythris ambustella Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris aspromontis Jäckh, 1978
Scythris ciliatella Zerny, 1936
Scythris heinemanni
Scythris iberica Jäckh, 1978
Scythris knochella (Fabricius, 1794)
Scythris schawerdae Rebel, 1931
Scythris setiella (Zeller, 1870)
Scythris staudingeri Jäckh, 1978

laminella group

Scythris andersi Bengtsson, 1991
Scythris bolognella Jäckh, 1978
Scythris braschiella (O.Hofmann, 1897)
Scythris bubaniae Walsingham, 1907
Scythris eberhardi Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris frankeniella Chrétien, 1916
Scythris kailai Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris laminella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
Scythris saxella Bengtsson, 1991
Scythris thomisioides Bengtsson, 1997

limbella group – possibly subgenus Scythris

Scythris elegantella (D.Lucas, 1955)
Scythris limbella

martini group

Scythris bengtbengtssoni Vives, 1994
Scythris martini Bengtsson, 1991

obscurella group – possibly subgenus Galanthia

Scythris amphonycella (Geyer, [1836])
Scythris bengtssoni Patocka & Liska, 1989
Scythris cuspidella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
Scythris flavilaterella (Fuchs, 1886)
Scythris hornigii (Zeller, 1855)
Scythris lampyrella (Constant, 1865)
Scythris mediella (Constant, 1855)
Scythris obscurella (Scopoli, 1763)
Scythris rouxella (Constant 1865) (sometimes in C. hornigii, tentatively placed here)
Scythris speyeri (Heinemann & Wocke, 1876)

pascuella group

Scythris aciella Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris albidella (Stainton, 1867)
Scythris bifissella (O.Hofmann, 1889)
Scythris cornuella Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris flavidella Preissecker, 1911
Scythris kantarae Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris karinupponei Bengtsson, 2000
Scythris lagunae Jäckh, 1978
Scythris mikkolai Sinev, 1993
Scythris orientella Sinev, 2001
Scythris pascuella (Zeller, 1855)
Scythris paullella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
Scythris perlucidella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
Scythris pudorinella (Möschler, 1866)
Scythris satyrella Staudinger, 1880
Scythris subaerariella (Stainton, 1867)
Scythris tabescentella (Staudinger, 1880)

penicillata group

Scythris penicillata (Chrétien 1900)
Scythris spinella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001

petrella group

Scythris arachnodes Walsingham, 1908
Scythris hierroella Klimesch, 1986
Scythris petrella Walsingham, 1908
Scythris pseudoarachnodes Bengtsson, 1997

picaepennis group

Scythris disparella (Tengström, 1848)
Scythris picaepennis (Haworth, 1828)

pulicella group

Scythris azrouensis Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris corleyi Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris langohri Passerin d'Entrèves, 1990
Scythris pilella Bengtsson, 1991
Scythris pulicella (Staudinger, 1859)
Scythris skulei Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris veletae Passerin d'Entrèves, 1990

punctivittella group

Scythris albostriata Hannemann, 1961
Scythris apicistrigella (Staudinger, 1870)
Scythris atlasensis Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris confluens (Staudinger, 1870)
Scythris cycladeae Jäckh, 1978
Scythris emichi (Anker, 1870)
Scythris punctivittella (O.Costa, 1836)
Scythris trinacriae Passerin d'Entrèves 1984

schleichiella group

Scythris glacialis (Frey, 1870)
Scythris gratiosella Jäckh, 1978
Scythris schleichiella (Zeller, 1870)
Scythris similis Hannemann, 1961
Scythris subschleichiella Hannemann, 1961

scopolella group

Scythris apicalis (Zeller, 1847)
Scythris flabella (Mann, 1861)
Scythris scopolella

seliniella group

Scythris acarioides Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris annae Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris clavella (Zeller, 1855)
Scythris seliniella (Zeller, 1839)
Scythris subseliniella (Heinemann, 1876)
Scythris villari Agenjo, 1971

siccella group

Scythris lafauryi Passerin d'Entrèves 1986
Scythris lempkei Bengtsson & Langohr, 1989
Scythris siccella (Zeller, 1839)
Scythris subsiccella Bengtsson, 1997

subfasciata group

Scythris anthracodes Walsingham, 1907
Scythris friedeli Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris levantina Passerin d'Entrèves & Vives, 1990
Scythris locustella Chrétien, 1915
Scythris pseudolocustella Passerin d'Entrèves & Vives, 1990
Scythris subfasciata (Staudinger, 1880)

Monospecific "groups"

In addition to the groups above, there is a considerable number of species in this genus whose exact relationships are hitherto elusive. Some have been placed in a "species group" of their own, as they are too distinct from the other groups to be included there, yet at the same time have characteristic autapomorphies. They include:^[3]

Scythris aenea Passerin d'Entrèves 1984
Scythris bagdadiella Amsel, 1949
Scythris bazaensis Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris boseanella Klimesch, 1986
Scythris camelella Walsingham, 1907
Scythris crassiuscula (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
Scythris crypta Hannemann 1961
Scythris dissitella (Zeller, 1847)
Scythris fuscopterella Bengtsson 1977
Scythris gobiensis Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
Scythris gravatella (Zeller, 1847)
Scythris iagella Chrétien 1925

Scythris inclusella Lederer, 1855
Scythris inspersella (Hübner 1817)
Scythris karinae Bengtsson 1991
Scythris karsholti Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris mariannae Bengtsson 1991
Scythris meanderis Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris monochreella (Ragonot, 1896)
Scythris mus Walsingham, 1898
Scythris nigrella Jäckh, 1978
Scythris nipholecta Meyrick, 1924

Scythris noricella (Zeller, 1843)
Scythris palustris (Zeller, 1855)
Scythris passerini (Bengtsson, 1997)
Scythris pinkeri Klimesch, 1986
Scythris platypyga (Staudinger, 1880)
Scythris podoliensis Rebel, 1938
Scythris polycarpaeae Klimesch, 1986
Scythris productella (Zeller, 1839)
Scythris rubioi Agenjo, 1962 – possibly subgenus Rubioia
Scythris sinensis (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Scythris tributella (Zeller, 1847)

Species incertae sedis

Finally, there are some species which are neither clearly assignable to any one species group, nor autapomorphic enough to be included in a monospecific "group". These include:^[3]

Scythris acipenserella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
Scythris aegrella K. Nupponen & Junnilainen, 2000
Scythris albisaxella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
Scythris alceella Junnilainen, 2002
Scythris arenicola K.Nupponen, 2005
Scythris arerai Huemer, 2000
Scythris arkaimensis Bengtsson, 2000
Scythris brunneofasciella K. Nupponen & Junnilainen, 2000
Scythris buszkoi Baran, 2003
Scythris capitalis (Erschoff, 1874)
Scythris cassiterella (Snellen, 1884) (= S. baikalensis)
Scythris cervella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001
Scythris chrysopygella Caradja, 1927
Scythris cirra Falkovitch, 1969<
Scythris cretacella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
Scythris elenae K.Nupponen, 2000
Scythris erinacella Nupponen, 2003
Scythris eversmanni K. & T. Nupponen, 2000
Scythris felesella Bengtsson, 1997

Scythris felixi Bengtsson & Sutter, 1996
Scythris garciapitai Vives, 2001
Scythris gladiella K. & T.Nupponen, 2004
Scythris gorbunovi Nupponen, 2003
Scythris hamardabanica Nupponen, 2003
Scythris hamatella K. & T.Nupponen, 2001
Scythris inconspicuella Sinev, 2001
Scythris jalavai Sinev, 1993
Scythris kaszabi Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
Scythris kullbergi Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris kyzylensis Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris lagomorphella Nupponen, 2002
Scythris lativalvella Sinev, 2001
Scythris luxatiella K.Nupponen & Kaitila, 2000
Scythris macrourella Sinev, 2001
Scythris malozemovi Nupponen, 2003
Scythris minorella Sinev, 2001
Scythris ninae Nupponen, 2003
Scythris nitidella Bengtsson & Liska, 1996
Scythris nivicolor Meyrick, 1916
Scythris obliqua Falkovitch, 1969

Scythris olschwangi K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
Scythris pallidella Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
Scythris potatorella Nupponen, 2003
Scythris remexella K. Nupponen & Kaitila, 2000
Scythris saarelai K. & T.Nupponen, 1999
Scythris sachkovi Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
Scythris sibirella Sinev, 2001
Scythris sinevi Nupponen, 2003
Scythris subcassiterella Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris sublaminella K. & T.Nupponen, 2000
Scythris talyniella Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2006
Scythris tauromeniella Passerin d'Entrèves & Roggero, 2004
Scythris taygeticola Scholz, 1997
Scythris terekholensis Bengtsson, 1997
Scythris trivinctella (Zeller, 1873)
Scythris ustjuzhanini Sachkov & Sinev, 2001
Scythris vernusella Jäckh, 1978

Footnotes

↑ AEBR (2008), and see references in Savela (2008)
↑ Pitkin & Jenkins (2004), AEBR (2008), ToL (2008), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)
1 2 3 FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)
↑ AEBR (2008), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scythris.

Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) (2008): Australian Faunal Directory – Scythris. Version of 2008-OCT-09. Retrieved 2010-MAY-01.
Fauna Europaea (FE) (2009): Scythris. Version 2.1, 2009-DEC-22. Retrieved 2010-MAY-01.
Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul (2004): Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species – Scythris. Version of 2004-NOV-05. Retrieved 2010-MAY-01.
Savela, Markku (2008): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Scythris. Version of 2008-JUL-17. Retrieved 2010-MAY-01.
Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2009): Xyloryctidae. Version of 2008-MAY-01. Retrieved 2010-APR-30.

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