Garrya

silk tassel
tassel bush
Garrya catkins in February at Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle, WA.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Garryales
Family: Garryaceae
Genus: Garrya
Douglas ex Lindl.
Synonyms[1]

Fadyenia Endl.

Garrya is a genus of flowering plants in the family Garryaceae, native to Mexico, the western United States, Central America and the Greater Antilles.[1] Common names include silk tassel, and tassel bush[2]

They are evergreen dioecious wind-pollinated shrubs growing to 1–5 m (3–16 ft) tall. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, and are simple, leathery, dark green to gray-green, ovate, 3–15 cm (1–6 in) long, with an entire margin and a short petiole. The flowers are gray-green catkins, short and spreading when first produced in late summer; the male catkins becoming long and pendulous in late winter when shedding pollen, 3–20 cm (1–8 in) long; the female catkins usually a little shorter and less pendulous. The fruit is a round dry berry containing two seeds.[3]

Species

  1. Garrya buxifolia – Dwarf Silktassel; western Oregon, northern California
  2. Garrya congdonii – Chaparral Silktassel; California
  3. Garrya corvorum - Guatemala
  4. Garrya elliptica – Coast Silktassel, Wavyleaf Silktassel; western Oregon, western California
  5. Garrya fadyenii – Fadyen's Silktassel; Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola; naturalised in Leeward Islands
  6. Garrya flavescens – Ashy Silktassel; California and Baja California north east to Utah and New Mexico
  7. Garrya fremontii – Bearbrush Silktassel; southern Washington, Oregon, California, northwestern Nevada
  8. Garrya glaberrima - Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León
  9. Garrya grisea - Baja California
  10. Garrya laurifolia – Laurelleaf Silktassel; widespread from Chihuahua and Tamaulipas south to Panama
  11. Garrya longifolia - Durango, Jalisco, Guerrero, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Morelos, Mexico State, Distrito Federal de México
  12. Garrya ovata – Eggleaf Silktassel; New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua, Oaxaca
  13. Garrya salicifolia – Willowleaf Silktassel; Baja California, Baja California Sur
  14. Garrya veatchii – Canyon Silktassel; California, Baja California
  15. Garrya wrightii – Wright's Silktassel; Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua, Sonora, Durango, Coahuila

Cultivation and uses

Some species, notably Garrya elliptica, are widely cultivated in gardens for their foliage and the catkins produced in late winter. They are frequently grown against a wall, or as a windbreak in coastal areas.[4] Male plants are more widely grown, as their catkins are longer and more attractive; one such cultivar, G. elliptica 'James Roof', has catkins up to 35 cm long. The hybrids G × issaquahensis (G. elliptica × G. fremontii) and G × thuretii (G. elliptica × G. fadyenii) have been bred for garden planting.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ↑ The Names of Plants, D. Gledhill, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Rep. 1996. ISBN 9780521366755.
  3. ↑ Dahling, G. V. 1978. Systematics and evolution of Garrya. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 209: 1–104
  4. ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
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