Soekarno–Hatta International Airport

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport
IATA: CGK – ICAO: WIII – WMO: 96749
Summary
Airport type	Public / International
Owner	Government of Indonesia
Operator	PT Angkasa Pura II
Serves	Jabodetabek
Location	Benda, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
Opened	May 1, 1985 (1985-05-01)
Hub for	Batik Air Cardig Air Citilink Garuda Indonesia Indonesia AirAsia Lion Air Sriwijaya Air XpressAir
Elevation AMSL	32 ft / 10 m
Coordinates	06°07′32″S 106°39′21″E / 6.12556°S 106.65583°E / -6.12556; 106.65583Coordinates: 06°07′32″S 106°39′21″E / 6.12556°S 106.65583°E / -6.12556; 106.65583
Website	http://www.soekarnohatta-airport.co.id/
Map
CGK Show map of Java CGK Show map of Indonesia Location within Java Island, Indonesia
Runways
Direction Length Surface ft m 07R/25L 12,008 3,660 Paved 07L/25R 11,811 3,600 Paved Process Process Process Asphalt Concrete
Statistics (2015)
Passengers 54,291,336 Aircraft Movements 369,740 Cargo (metric tonnes) 342,473 Economic & Social impact $5.1 billion & 705 thousand[1]
Source: Passenger and Aircraft Movements from ACI[2] Cargo from Angkasa Pura II Airports Company[3]

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta) (IATA: CGK, ICAO: WIII), abbreviated SHIA^[4] or Soetta,^[5] is the primary airport serving the Greater Jakarta area on the island of Java, Indonesia. Named after the first president and vice-president of Indonesia, Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta, the airport is located at Benda, Tangerang, approximately 20 km northwest of central Jakarta. Due to its proximity to the suburb of Cengkareng, the airport is also known as Cengkareng Airport, with the assigned three-letter IATA designator: "CGK". The airport is the busiest and the largest airport in Indonesia. According to air travel intelligence company OAG, the airport ranked as the 7th most connected airport in the world & ranked 1st as 'megahub' airport in Asia-Pacific region as per connectivity index, ahead of Japan's Tokyo Haneda Airport and Australia's Sydney Airport .^[6]

The airport commenced domestic operations in 1985 to replace the old overcapacity Kemayoran Airport, and the airport was expanded by 1991 to replace Halim Perdanakusuma Airport, for international flights, with Halim only having been commissioned as a temporary solution until Soekarno-Hatta was completed. Kemayoran Airport has since been demolished and is now a residential area. Halim still serves charter, VIP, and private flights, and re-opened as Jakarta's second commercial airport for domestic flights to relieve Soekarno-Hatta which is running over-capacity, due to the rapid growth of airline travel in Indonesia.

The airport often struggles to accommodate all flights at its current limit of 72 planes per hour, frequently forming long lines to take off and for landing. Although over capacity, after a survey from April 23 to May 3 the Airport Council International (ACI) stated on May 4, 2012, that Soekarno–Hatta International Airport is being operated safely.^[7] The two existing runways suffer from pavement and strength issues, which limits the airport's capacity to serve large aircraft: the Airbus A380 cannot feasibly serve the airport, while Garuda Indonesia's own 777-300ERs are limited in capacity when serving long-haul flights to Europe, which caused the airline to introduce an intermediate stop at Singapore on some of its flights to Amsterdam and all of its flights to London Heathrow. Although one of Singapore Airline's Airbus A380 managed to conduct an emergency landing on the airport safely, the airport still can't accomodate Airbus A380 regularly due to the lack of boarding area. To reduce congestion & to achieve a target to handle 100 flights/hour, works for a 3rd runway is currently going on, which is expected to open in 2018. Also upgrading of existing runways are almost completed to accommodate wide-bodied aircraft.^[8]

History

Used between 1928 and 1985, Kemayoran Airfield was considered unsatisfactory because it was too close to the major Halim Perdanakusuma Indonesian military airport. The civil airspace in the area became increasingly restricted, while air traffic increased rapidly, posing problems for international air traffic. In 1969, a senior communication officers meeting in Bangkok expressed these concerns.

In the early 1970s, with the help of USAID, eight potential locations were analyzed for a new international airport, namely Kemayoran, Malaka, Babakan, Jonggol, Halim, Curug, South Tangerang and North Tangerang. Finally, the North Tangerang site was chosen; it was also noted that Jonggol could be used as an alternative airfield. Meanwhile, as an interim step, the Indonesian government upgraded the Halim Perdanakusumah airfield for use for passenger services. The old Kemayoran site was closed in 1985, and the land was later used for commercial and housing purposes.^[9]

Between 1974 and 1975, a Canadian consultant/consortium, consisting of Aviation Planning Services Ltd., ACRESS International Ltd., and Searle Wilbee Rowland (SWR), won a bid for the new airport feasibility project. The feasibility study started on February 20, 1974, with a total cost of 1 million Canadian dollars. The one-year project proceeded with an Indonesian partner represented by PT Konavi. By the end of March 1975, the study revealed a plan to build three inline runways, three international terminal buildings, three domestic buildings and one building for Hajj flights. Three stores for the domestic terminals would be built between 1975 and 1981 at a cost of US$465 million and one domestic terminal including an apron from 1982–1985 at a cost of US$126 million. A new terminal project, named the Jakarta International Airport Cengkareng, began.^[10]

Design

The airport's terminal 1 and 2 was designed by Paul Andreu, a French architect who also designed Paris–Charles de Gaulle Airport. One of the characteristics of the airport is the incorporation of the local architecture into the design, and the presence of tropical gardens between the waiting lounges. These unique characteristics earned the airport the 1995 Aga Khan Award for Architecture.^[11] The runways run northeast–southwest. There are two parallel runways, on the north and south side. The airport terminal took the plan of spanning fan, with the main entrances of terminals connected to a series of waiting and boarding pavilions via corridors. These waiting and boarding pavilions are connected to the airplanes through boarding bridges. Terminal 1 is in the southern side of the airport, while Terminal 2 and 3 are on the north side.

The airport concept is described as "garden within the airport" or "airport in the garden", as tropical decorative and flower plants fill the spaces between corridors, waiting and boarding pavilions. The boarding pavilions demonstrate local Indonesian vernacular architecture, particularly the roof, in the Javanese stepped-roof pendopo and joglo style. The interior design displays the diversity of Indonesian art and culture, with ethnic decorative elements taken from wooden carvings of Java, Bali, Sumatra, Dayak, Toraja to Papua. Another example is the railings of stairs, doors and gates, which show the kala-makara (giant head and mythical fish-elephant creature) theme typical in ancient Indonesian temples such as Borobudur. Terminal 3, however, has a different architectural style—unlike the ethnic-inspired Indonesian vernacular architecture of terminals 1 and 2, terminal 3 uses the contemporary modern style of large glass windows with metal frames and columns.

Project phases

To allocate the land and also determine the provincial border, time was needed. Authorities at Amsterdam Schiphol airport were consulted about the airport plans, and concluded that the proposal was rather expensive and over-designed. The cost rose because of using a decentralized system. The centralized system was seen as a more suitable option.

The team chose a decentralized system similar to Orly Airport, Lyon Satolas, Hannover Airport and Kansas City Airport due to its simplicity and effectiveness.

On November 12, 1976, the building project tender was won by the French Aeroport de Paris.

On May 18, 1977, the final design was agreed on by the Indonesian government and Aeroport de Paris with a fixed cost of about 22,323,203 French francs and Rp177,156,000 equivalent to 2,100,000 francs. The work was scheduled to take 18 months. The government appointed PT. Konavi as the local partner. The plan included 2 runways with taxiways, one access road in the east and one in the west (closed to public use) for airport services, 3 terminals capable of accommodating 3 million passengers per year, and 1 module for international flights and 2 for domestic. "An airport inside a garden" was chosen as the design idea.

On May 20, 1980, a four-year contract was signed. Sainraptet Brice, SAE, Colas together with PT. Waskita Karya were chosen to be the developers. Ir. Karno Barkah MSc. was appointed the project director, responsible for the airport's construction.^[12]

On December 1, 1980, the Indonesian government signed a contract for Rp. 384.8 billion with developers. The cost structure was: Rp140,450,513,000 from the state budget, 1,223,457 francs donated by France and US$15,898,251 from the USA.

On December 1, 1984, the airport structure was completed.

The new airport opened on May 1, 1985 for domestic flights.

The second circular terminal was opened on May 1, 1991 for international operations.

Phases of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Project
Phase	Year	Description	Status
Phase 1	1985	Opening of Terminal 1 with a capacity of 9 million passengers per annum	Completed
Phase 2	1991	Opening of Terminal 2 with a capacity of 18 million passengers per annum	Completed
Phase 3	2011	Construction of Terminal 3 phase 1 with a capacity of 22 million passengers per annum	Completed
		Refurbishing of Terminal 2 to increase capacity to 53 million passengers per annum	In progress
		Fully built new Freight Terminal	Pending
Phase 4	2017	Completion of Terminal 3 with a capacity of 43 million passengers per annum	In progress
		Construction of Airport Railway	In progress
		Construction of third runway	In progress
		Fully built integrated building	In Progress
		Construction of Terminal 4	Pending
Phase 5	2022	Refurbishment of Terminal 1 to increase capacity to 62 million passengers per annum	Pending

Plans

In the newest masterplan, the capacity of the airport is to be increased from 22 million passengers per annum to 62 million per annum in 2014. The airport will use new theme "Modern Airport With Traditional Sense" for the project. Angkasa Pura II, as the operator, designed Soekarno–Hatta Airport to have 3 passenger terminals, 1 new freight terminal (cargo village) and an 'Integrated Building' (designed to unite terminal one and two) in 2014. Also, there will be an increase in apron capacity from 125 airplanes to 174 airplanes. By 2015, additional upgrades are expected to increase the airport's capacity to 75 million passengers.^[13] An airport train from Manggarai Station and a people mover for ground transportation to/from and inside the airport are also in planning.

Angkasa Pura II will spend Rp.11.7 trillion ($1.36 billion) to change the airport into a 'world class' airport which will be called 'aerotropolis', by 2014. In the first stage, Terminal 3 will be expanded and thereafter Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 will be integrated with green walls and the airport will have a convention hall, shopping center, hotel, playground, recreational facilities and parking area for 20,000 vehicles.^[14]

To anticipate a surge in passenger numbers, at least a ten percent increase each year, the government is preparing to build a third runway. This was planned to be completed in 2017. If the airport has 3 runways, the service capacity will rise to 623,420 movements per year and it will be able to anticipate growth at least until 2030. The expansion will use about 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) from 10 villages in the Teluk Naga and Kosambi subdistricts.^[15][16] The expansion plan has been rejected by Tangerang Municipal Government because the residents living around the airport wouldn't be able to earn income for their family. The local government offered another location such as in Balaraja, but Angkasa Pura II corporate secretary said that building a new airport would not be an easy task, as it requires a thorough study.^[17] Finally, Angkasa Pura II only use 134 hectares land and appraisal will be used for buy the land.^[18] It can be done due to new design for third runway is cross-runway between runway-1 and runway-2, instead of 3 parallel runways.

Due to lack of space to further expand at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, the government plans to build a new airport around Cikarang and Karawang. The airport would be integrated with the planned Cilamaya International Seaport in Karawang.^[19]

Terminals

The land area of the airport is 18 square kilometers (6.9 sq mi). It has two independent parallel 3,600-meter (11,800 ft) long runways connected by two cross taxiways. There are three main terminal buildings; Terminal 1 (domestic flights only), Terminal 2 (all international flights and Sriwijaya Air, NAM Air and Indonesia AirAsia domestic flights) and Terminal 3 (Garuda Indonesia domestic flights). There is also a freight terminal for domestic and international cargo.

After renovations and expansions of Terminal 3, current capacity of Soekarno-Hatta is 51 million,^[20] but the airport served 54 million passengers in 2015, making it the 18th busiest airport in the world, and the busiest airport in the Southern Hemisphere. There are nonstop flights to a large number of destinations in Asia and Australia, and several flights to Europe daily, ranking as the 17th most connected airport in the world, and the largest megahub in Asia according to OAG.^[21]

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 is the first terminal built, finished in 1985. It is located on the south side of the airport, across from Terminal 2. Terminal 1 has 3 sub-terminals, each equipped with 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carousels and 7 gates. It has the capacity to handle 9 million passengers per annum.

The gates in Terminal 1 have a prefix of A, B or C. The gates are A1–A7, B1–B7 and C1–C7. In the newest masterplan, Terminal 1 will have its capacity increased to 18 million passengers per annum. Terminal 1 is used for domestic flights except for those operated by Garuda Indonesia, Sriwijaya Air, NAM Air and Indonesia AirAsia.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 is the second terminal built, completed in 1991, and is located on the west-northern side of the airport, across from Terminal 1. Like Terminal 1, it has three sub-terminals, labeled D through F, each with seven gates and 25 check-in counters. Terminal 2D is home to all international operations out of Soekarno-Hatta, while Terminal 2E are home to Garuda Indonesia's international flights and SkyTeam members,^[22] and Terminal 2F is home to Sriwijaya Air, NAM Air, and Indonesia Air Asia domestic flights.^[23][24]

With a capacity of 9 million passengers per annum, Terminal 2 is struggling to keep up with the increasing number of passengers that travel through it each day. Expansions and upgrades will increase the capacity to 19 million per annum, while the opening of Terminal 3 Ultimate, which will house Garuda Indonesia and SkyTeam, will help to relieve the over-capacity problem at Terminal 2.

Terminal 3

Terminal 3 is the third terminal built, will be completed in 2017, and is located on the east-northern side of the airport. The first phase of Terminal 3 is the first pier of the two planned piers, located on the west side of the terminal, opened on April 15, 2009. The terminal has a different style than terminals 1 and 2, using an eco-friendly modern design. It currently houses the Garuda Indonesia domestic flights. With a capacity of 4 million passengers per annum, Terminal 3 has 30 check-in counters, 6 baggage carousels and 3 gates with two jet bridges. Terminal 3 officially opened for international flights on November 15, 2011, when Indonesia AirAsia started using Terminal 3 as its new base for international flights as well as domestic flights.^[25] Immigration has cancelled the policy to close immigration counter in Terminal 3 and immigration counter in Terminal 3 is still operational, but plan to centralized immigration counter in Terminal 2 only is still valid.^[26]

The New Terminal 3 (known as "Terminal 3 Ultimate") was formally opened on August 9, 2016. The floor area of the new terminal covers 422,804 m² (4,551,020 sq ft), consists of the main building terminal (331,101 m² (3,563,940 sq ft)), the parking building (85,578 m² (921,150 sq ft)) and the VVIP passengers building (6,124 m² (65,920 sq ft)),^[27] with 28 gates, 112 check-in counters and 48 aerobridges.^[28] At its commencement, it only serves all Garuda Indonesia flights. Some international flights are aimed to move into Terminal 3 (with the exception of budget airlines and Lion Air) by March 2017.^[29]

The building of Terminal 3 Ultimate has no connection with the building of the old Terminal 3. The older Terminal 3 will be renovated with a connection to be built between the old and new terminals.

The Terminal 3 Ultimate serves as a destination terminal and also as a transit terminal with 10 international gates, 20 domestic gates^[30] and 10 bus gates. It is slated to be larger than Changi Airport Terminal 3, Singapore which is the benchmark for SHIA.^[31][32]

The Terminal 3 Ultimate is equipped with BHS level 5 to detect bombs and directly move into blankets, an Airport Security System (ASS) which can control up to 600 CCTVs to detect faces who are available in the security register, Intelligence Building Management System (IBMS) which can control uses of water and electricity (ecogreen), rain water system to produce clean water from rain, recycle water system to produce toilet water from used toilet water, and illumination technology control to illuminate depends on weather surrounding terminal.^[33] T3 expansion area will span 1.2 kilometers and the T3 apron can serve 40 aircraft. When finished, T3 will be an aerotropolis terminal.^[34]

The T3 Ultimate has WiFi access 50Mbit/s, the fastest among all airports in the world. Free access for initial 15 minutes and then should pay Rp 5,000 per hour.^[35]

The T3 Ultimate also can serve 60 airplanes from the current 40 airplanes.^[36] After T3 expansion is finished, and T1 and T2 will be revitalized, so all the three terminals finally will accommodate 67 million passengers a year.^[37]

Freight Terminal

The freight terminal is located on the east side of terminal 1. This terminal was used to handle cargo at the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, both domestic and international cargo. In the newest master plan, the freight terminal will move to the west side of terminal 2 and have a larger capacity than the current terminal.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Airlines	Destinations	Terminal
AirAsia[38]	Johor Bahru (begins January 10, 2017), Kota Kinabalu (ends January 1, 2017), Kuala Lumpur–International	2E
Air China	Beijing-Capital, Xiamen	2D
Airfast Indonesia	Surabaya, Timika	1C
All Nippon Airways	Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita Seasonal: Osaka-Kansai	2D
Asiana Airlines	Seoul–Incheon	2D
Aviastar	Bandar Lampung, Ketapang, Lubuklinggau, Muara Bungo	1C
Batik Air	Ambon, Balikpapan, Batam, Jayapura, Kendari, Kupang, Lombok, Makassar, Manado, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Semarang, Surabaya, Yogyakarta	1C
Batik Air	Singapore	2D
Cathay Pacific	Hong Kong	2D
Cebu Pacific	Manila	2D
China Airlines	Hong Kong, Taipei–Taoyuan	2E
China Southern Airlines	Guangzhou, Shenzhen[39]	2E
Citilink	Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Batam, Bengkulu, Denpasar/Bali, Jambi, Makassar, Manado, Mataram-Lombok, Medan, Padang, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Surabaya, Tanjung Pandan, Yogyakarta	1C
Citilink	Charter: Jeddah	2D
EgyptAir	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Cairo[40]	2D
Emirates	Dubai–International	2D
Ethiopian Airlines	Addis Ababa (Begins 2 June 2017),[41]	2D
Etihad Airways	Abu Dhabi	2D
EVA Air	Taipei–Taoyuan	2D
Flynas	Charter: Jeddah	2D
Garuda Indonesia[42]	Amsterdam, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Jeddah, Kuala Lumpur–International, London–Heathrow, Medina, Melbourne, Mumbai (resumes December 12, 2016),[43] Osaka–Kansai, Perth, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo–Haneda	2E
Garuda Indonesia[44]	Ambon, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Bandar Lampung, Banjarmasin, Batam, Bengkulu, Biak, Denpasar/Bali, Gorontalo, Jambi, Jayapura, Kendari, Kupang, Makassar, Manado, Malang, Labuan Bajo, Mataram-Lombok, Medan, Merauke, Padang, Palangkaraya, Palembang, Palu, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Surabaya, Surakarta/Solo, Tanjung Pinang, Tarakan, Ternate, Timika, Yogyakarta	3
Garuda Indonesia operated by Explore Jet[44]	Kupang, Labuan Bajo,[45] Sibolga, Silangit, Tanjung Pandan, Tarakan[45]	3
Indonesia AirAsia	Denpasar/Bali, Surabaya, Yogyakarta	2F
Indonesia AirAsia	Bangkok–Don Mueang, Kuala Lumpur–International, Singapore	2E
Indonesia AirAsia X	Denpasar/Bali, Surabaya	2F
Japan Airlines	Tokyo-Narita	2D
Jetstar Asia Airways	Singapore	2D
Kal Star Aviation	Pangkalan Bun, Sampit	1C
KLM	Amsterdam, Kuala Lumpur–International	2E
Korean Air	Seoul–Incheon	2E
Lion Air	Jeddah, Kuala Lumpur–International, Singapore	2D
Lion Air	Ambon, Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Jayapura, Kendari, Kupang, Makassar, Manado, Palangkaraya, Palu, Pontianak, Semarang, Surabaya, Surakarta/Solo, Tarakan, Ternate, Yogyakarta	1A
Lion Air	Banda Aceh, Bandar Lampung, Batam, Bengkulu, Denpasar/Bali, Jambi, Mataram–Lombok, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Tanjung Pandan (Begins December 7, 2016), Tanjung Pinang	1B
Lucky Air	Kunming, Nanning	2D
Malaysia Airlines	Kuala Lumpur–International	2D
Malindo Air	Kuala Lumpur–International	2D
Nam Air	Bengkulu, Jambi, Lubuklinggau, Palembang, Pangkalpinang, Pontianak, Semarang, Surakarta/Solo, Surabaya, Sorong, Tanjung Pandan, Tanjung Pinang	2F
Oman Air	Muscat	2D
Philippine Airlines	Manila	2D
Qantas	Sydney	2D
Qatar Airways	Doha	2D
Royal Brunei Airlines	Bandar Seri Begawan	2D
Royal Jordanian	Amman-Queen Alia (ends January 11, 2017)[46]	2D
Saudia	Jeddah, Medina, Riyadh	2E
Singapore Airlines	Singapore	2D
SriLankan Airlines	Colombo	2D
Sriwijaya Air	Balikpapan, Bandar Lampung, Batam, Denpasar/Bali, Jayapura, Makassar, Malang, Medan, Muara Bungo, Padang, Pangkalpinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Silangit, Surakarta/Solo, Surabaya, Tanjung Pandan, Ternate, Yogyakarta	2F
Sriwijaya Air	Charter: Zhangjiajie[47]	2D
Shenzhen Airlines	Fuzhou	2D
Thai Airways	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi	2D
Thai Lion Air	Bangkok-Don Mueang	2D
Tigerair	Singapore	2D
Trigana Air Service	Pangkalan Bun	1C
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul–Atatürk	2D
Vietnam Airlines	Ho Chi Minh City	2E
XiamenAir	Fuzhou, Xiamen	2E
XpressAir	Sorong	1B

Notes

• ^1 : Citilink's charter flights to Jeddah are served via Medan-Kualanamu and Mumbai.
• ^2 : Some Garuda Indonesia's flight from Jakarta to Amsterdam will make a stop at Singapore. However, all Garuda flights from Amsterdam to Jakarta will be non-stop.
• ^3 : Garuda Indonesia's flight from Jakarta to London Heathrow will make a stop at Singapore. However, all Garuda flights from London Heathrow to Jakarta will be non-stop.
• ^4 : Royal Jordanian's flight from Jakarta to Amman makes a stop in Kuala Lumpur–International. However, Royal Jordanian does not have fifth freedom rights to transport passengers solely from Jakarta to Kuala Lumpur.

Cargo

Airlines	Destinations
ANA Cargo	Tokyo–Narita[48]
Asialink Cargo Airlines	Batam, Pangkal Pinang[49]
Cardig Air	Balikpapan, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Padang, Pekanbaru, Medan, Seoul–Incheon, Singapore
Cathay Pacific Cargo	Hanoi, Hong Kong, Penang
China Airlines Cargo	Singapore, Taipei–Taoyuan
DHL	Hong Kong
Emirates SkyCargo	Sydney
EVA Air Cargo	Singapore, Taipei–Taoyuan
FedEx Express	Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Singapore
Gading Sari	Kuala Lumpur–International
Garuda Indonesia Cargo	Batam, Osaka–Kansai, Singapore
K-Mile Air	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi
Korean Air Cargo	Ho Chi Minh City, Penang, Seoul–Incheon
MASkargo	Kuala Lumpur–International
Republic Express Airlines	Balikpapan, Kuala Lumpur–International, Makassar, Singapore, Surabaya, Surakarta/Solo
Singapore Airlines Cargo	Singapore
Transmile Air Services	Kuala Lumpur–International
Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines	Batam, Kuala Lumpur–International, Singapore

Traffic and statistics

New traffic procedure

To ease congestion, the airport authority implemented a new traffic procedure, the 72 Improved Runway Capacity (IRC 72), to handle 72 planes per hour. This limited a plane to 30–45 minutes only for arrival and unloading of passengers, to allow other planes to use the parking space. Gradually it has been implemented and on June 26, 2014 IRC 72 has been implemented full for the period of 00:00am to 01:30am, 02:00am to 10:00am and 11:30pm to 00:00am with occupancy periods for aircraft are reduced from 110 seconds to 90 seconds of takeoff and from 65 seconds to 50 seconds for landing. The low time is from 04:00pm to 10:00pm with only maximum 32 flights/hour.^[50] By 2015, IRC 72 will become IRC 86 with the opening of the new terminal.^[51] As a comparison, London Heathrow Airport, which has 2 runways like SHIA, can handle 100 flights per hour, so the target for SHIA has been revised to 92 flights per hour by 2015.^[52]

Airport facilities

Terminal 1 and 2 was designed to resemble a traditional joglo Javanese construction. The approach has been emphasized by the inclusion of well-maintained gardens located near all boarding areas. Terminal 3 and other new airport buildings use an eco-friendly and modern design.

Aircraft maintenance

Maintenance facilities for aircraft in Soekarno–Hatta International Airport are supported by GMF AeroAsia (Garuda Maintenance Facility). They include 480,000 square meters (5,200,000 sq ft) of built-up structures, including three hangars, a spares warehouse, workshops, utility buildings, a ground support equipment building, chemical stores, an engine test cell, and management offices. In addition, GMF AeroAsia has an apron capable of handling up to 50 aircraft, taxiways, a run-up bay and a waste treatment area, taking up 1,150,000 square meters (12,400,000 sq ft).

Hangar 1 was built in 1991 and was designed for Boeing 747's. It has two full docks and is 22,000 square meters (240,000 sq ft). Hangar 2 is 23,000 square meters (250,000 sq ft) and has 3 aircraft bays. It can perform minor A and B checks. It can hold up to one narrow body and one wide body jet. Hangar 3 is also 23,000 square meters (250,000 sq ft). It normally holds up to 3 narrow body aircraft, but can be configured to hold up to one wide body and one narrow body. It has 7 bays with 4 full docks, 6 roof-mounted cranes and one bay designed for McDonnell Douglas MD-11's, McDonnell Douglas DC-10's, and wide body Airbus A330's aircraft.

Golf course

There is a golf course at the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport supported by the Cengkareng Golf Club. The golf course has been open since 1999. It is located on the left side of the airport main gate by the Sheraton Bandara Hotel. The Cengkareng Golf Club is in the 102-hectare (250-acre) Soewarna Business Park at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. In 2005 and 2008, this golf course was used for Indonesia Open, a part of the PGA European Tour. There are 18 holes in the golf course.

Airport hotel

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport has a hotel, the Sheraton Airport Hotel. The Sheraton Airport Hotel, which is located on the left side of the main exit road from the airport, has 4 floors with 220 guest rooms. The airport now have other and budget hotels such as Ibis Styles, Pop! Hotels, Swiss-Belhotel, Ibis Budget and Amaris as an alternative.

Lounges

There are five airport lounges in the departure area. The Jasa Angkasa Semesta (JAS) Lounge is available for first and business class passengers of Cathay Pacific, Qantas, EVA Air, Saudia, and Singapore Airlines. The Pura Indah Lounge is available for first and business class passengers of Singapore Airlines, KLM, Malaysia Airlines, Emirates Airline, Cathay Pacific, and China Airlines. The new Garuda Indonesia lounge is available for their business class and first class passengers only, as well as GECC and GarudaMiles gold and above cardholders. The BNI Executive Lounge is located next to the Garuda Indonesia Lounge, the lounge serve passengers from all airlines. Other lounges are available outside of the departures area, operated by companies such as Indosat, Sapphire, PT Mandara Jasindo Sena, Telkomsel, and XL Axiata. Since 2013, the only lounge in Terminal 1 is opened named Batik Air Business Class Lounge inside the waiting room C7.

Shopping area

There are shopping areas available in all terminals at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. Duty-free shops, souvenir shops, restaurants and a cafeteria can be found there. There is a new "Shopping Arcade" located in terminal 1C. There are no shops in the arrival zones of the terminals.

Reading corners

21 reading corners are located in the waiting rooms of Terminal 2D, 2E and 2F.^[53]

WiFi

3 WiFi networks are provided by Lintasarta, Internux (via YelloChat Free WiFi) and Telkom Indonesia at the airport. The three networks allow users to connect to another network if a specific one is operational

Since November 2013, Terminal 2 has free WiFi covering the whole terminal and free WiFi for Terminal 1 is servicing as of July 2014. Terminal 3 now has free WiFi covering since November 2014.

Smoking garden

To handle the overcrowding of smoking rooms being used, airport authorities has drawn up plans to build a smoking area in a garden near the rest area in Terminal 1A. It will be operated in January 2015 and it will be developed to other terminals, if necessary.^[54]

Other facilities

The airport contains the head office of Garuda Indonesia, Garuda Indonesia Management Building, located within the Garuda Indonesia City Center.^[55] Angkasa Pura II's head office is on the airport property.^[56]

Ground transportation

There are several transportation options available for access to the airport: local airport terminal shuttles, buses, taxi services of various kinds, and cars.

Inter-terminal shuttle transportation

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport provides a free shuttle bus which connects Terminals 1, 2 and 3.

Inter-terminal rail transportation

In 2013, the Indonesian government announced that it will build a people mover to connect Terminals 1, 2, and 3. It will be an automated train. It will complete together with airport railway on early 2017.^[57]

Buses

Several bus companies provide services to various destinations from the airport. Travel time to and from the center of Jakarta (at the Gambir railway station) takes around 70 minutes, depending on traffic. Buses to the airport leave from the various terminals in central Jakarta (Gambir) and surrounding areas. Airport shuttle bus can be found at arrival hall of Terminal 1A–1B–1C, on the eastern wing of arrival hall of Terminal 2F and in front of departure hall of Terminal 3.

Service		Destination
Shuttle Airport Bus
Agramas	Pusat Grosir Cililitan	East Jakarta
Damri	Bekasi Kayuringin Bus Terminal	Bekasi
Damri	Blok M Bus Terminal	South Jakarta
Damri	Botani Square Mall	Bogor
Damri	Cikarang	Cikarang
Damri	City Mall Cibinong	Cibinong
Damri	East Bekasi	Bekasi
Damri	Gambir Railway Station	Central Jakarta
Damri	Kampung Rambutan Bus Terminal	East Jakarta
Damri	Karawang	Karawang
Damri	Kemayoran	Central Jakarta
Damri	Kota Harapan Indah	Bekasi
Damri	Lippo Karawaci Mall	Tangerang
Damri	Mangga Dua Square Mall	North Jakarta
Damri	Pasar Minggu Bus Terminal	South Jakarta
Damri	Pramuka City	Central Jakarta
Damri	Pulo Gebang	East Jakarta
Damri	Purwakarta	Purwakarta
Damri	Rawamangun Bus Terminal	East Jakarta
Damri	Serang–Cilegon-Merak	Banten
Damri	Summarecon Bekasi	Bekasi
Damri	Tanjung Priok Bus Terminal	North Jakarta
Damri	WTC Serpong	South Tangerang
Primajasa	Bandung Batununggal	Bandung
Primajasa	Bandung Caringin	Bandung
Hiba Utama	Depok Bus Terminal	Depok
Sinar Jaya	Cileungsi Bus Terminal	Bogor Regency
XTrans	Kartika Chandra Hotel	South Jakarta
XTrans	Serpong–Bintaro	South Tangerang

Taxis and other services

Various taxi and shuttle services are provided by several operators.

Cars

The airport is connected to Jakarta's city center via the Prof. Dr. Sedyatmo Toll Road. There is extensive car parking, including long-stay facilities, at the airport.

Rail

Finally, PT Kereta Api decided to use existing track between Batu Ceper station, Tangerang to Manggarai station. A new 12 kilometer track is being built between Tangerang and the new airport station, 3 kilometers of it has been finished. In November 2016, the land acquisition for it has reached 78 percent and construction of integrated building has been finished 65.7 percent. Integrated building will be used as rail airport station to inside/outside the airport and also station for people mover use light train connects among terminals.^[58] Predicted in mid-2017, the train will be operated. Furthermore, the train will also reaches Jakarta Kota station to ease congestion in Manggarai station.^[59]

The government is also planning a 33-kilometer (21 mi) express line between the Manggarai station and the airport via Angke and Pluit to be built by an investor as a public–private partnership.^[60][61] To realize the demand from the Halim Perdanakusuma Airport, the route has been extended from Manggarai to Halim and the new route has been agreed upon by the Transportation Ministry Regulation. The express train will take 30 minutes to connect the airports.^[62] In early 2015, government changed the fund from participation to not funding at all, so the contract for Rp 28 billion will be revised, including new rail express tariff. The construction of this line has been delay and completion is now projected to be in 2019 at the earliest.^[63]

Accidents and incidents

• On October 28, 1997, a Trigana Air Service Fokker F-28 Fellowship 3000 passenger plane returned to land at Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta International Airport after the aircraft experienced technical problems two minutes after takeoff. Smoke and severe heat had entered cockpit and the passenger cabin. The airplane sustained damage due to the heat.^[64]
• On January 23, 2003, a Star Air Boeing 737 touched down 500 meters (1,600 ft) past the threshold of runway 25L, a little left of the centerline, at a time of heavy rainfall with associated heavy winds. It went off the side of the runway, causing substantial damage to the aircraft's undercarriage and belly.^[65]
• 2003 Soekarno–Hatta International Airport bombing - On 27 April 2003, a bomb exploded in terminal 2, departure hall of domestic terminal. The bomb was hidden under a table of a KFC stall and exploded during lunch hours. 10 people were injured in the blast, one 17 year old teenager identified as Yuli was seriously injured. Her legs had to be amputated. Emergency services were rushed to the scene and suspected that the motive of the bombing was due to the Free Aceh Movement, a separatist movement in Aceh. This was proved by the location of the blast, which was located on the domestic passenger hall rather than on the international passenger hall.^{[66][67][68][69]}
• On August 11, 2003, a Garuda Indonesia Fokker F-28 Fellowship 3000R suffered a left main gear collapse after a flight from Surabaya.^[70]
• On March 9, 2009, a Lion Air MD-90 overran runway 25L, due to an unstable approach 100 meters (330 ft) before the runway in rainfall and strong winds, in which the aircraft touched down to the left of the centerline. Although its thrust reversers were functioning, it veered to the right, resulting in the aircraft resting 90 degrees off the runway.^[71]

Award

In 1995, the Landscaping of Soekarno-Hatta airport was awarded by Aga Khan Award for Architecture as one of the best example of integrating the terminal building pavilions, with lush tropical garden harmoniously.^[72]

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport was ranked fourth on the Skytrax World's Most Improved Airport 2014 list based on surveys of 12.85 million passengers from 110 countries.^[73]

Picture gallery

• 

  Main entrance

• 

  Soekarno–Hatta statue at entrance

• 

  Terminal 2

• 

  Tower

• 

  Terminal building with gardens

• 

  Check in desks in terminal 2

• 

  Gate lounge in terminal 2

• 

  Baggage claim at terminal 2

• 

  Arrival Hall terminal 2F

• 

  Terminal 3 Ultimate master plan

• 

  Terminal 3 Ultimate Construction Progress

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport.

• Soekarno-Hatta International Airport travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Soekarno–Hatta International Airport
• Airport information for WIII at World Aero Data. Data current as of October 2006.Source: DAFIF.
• Airport information for CGK at Great Circle Mapper. Source: DAFIF (effective October 2006).
• Current weather for WIII at NOAA/NWS
• Accident history for CGK at Aviation Safety Network
• Sound recording from inside Soekarno–Hatta airport