List of Space Shuttle missions

Launch of Space Shuttle Columbia on 12 April 1981 at Pad 39A for mission STS-1

The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Its official program name was Space Transportation System, taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development.^[1] Operational missions launched numerous satellites (including the Hubble Space Telescope), conducted science experiments in orbit, and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station (ISS). The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982.

From 1981 to 2011 a total of 135 missions were flown, launched from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. During that time the fleet totaled 1,322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds of flight time.^[2] The longest orbital flight of the shuttle was STS-80 at 17 days 15 hours, while the shortest flight was STS-51-L at one minute 13 seconds, cut short when the Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart during launch. The shuttles docked with Russian space station Mir nine times and visited the ISS 37 times. The highest altitude achieved by the shuttle was 350 miles when servicing the Hubble Space Telescope.^[3] The program flew a total of 355 people representing 16 countries.^[4] The Kennedy Space Center served as the landing site for 78 missions, while 54 missions landed at Edwards Air Force Base in California and once at White Sands, New Mexico.^[5]

The first orbiter, Enterprise, was built solely for atmospheric flight tests and had no orbital capability. Four fully operational orbiters were initially built: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, and Atlantis. Challenger and Columbia were destroyed in mission accidents in 1986 and 2003 respectively, killing a total of fourteen astronauts. A fifth operational orbiter, Endeavour, was built in 1991 to replace Challenger. The Space Shuttle was retired from service upon the conclusion of STS-135 by Atlantis on 21 July 2011.^[6]

Flight numbering

Profiles of all five orbiters at launch.

The U.S. Space Shuttle program was officially referred to as the Space Transportation System (STS). Specific shuttle missions were therefore designated with the prefix "STS".^[2] Initially, the launches were given sequential numbers indicating order of launch, such as STS-7. Subsequent to the Apollo 13 mishap, due to NASA Administrator James M. Beggs' triskaidekaphobia and consequent unwillingness to number a forthcoming flight as STS-13,^{[7][8][9][10]} beginning in 1984, each mission was assigned a code, such as STS-41-B, with the first digit indicating the federal fiscal year offset into the program (so 41-B was scheduled for FY 1984, 51-L originally for FY 1985 and the third flight in FY 1995 would have been named 151-C), the second digit indicating the launch site (1 was Kennedy Space Center and 2 was Space Launch Complex (SLC) 6 at Vandenberg Air Force Base, although Vandenberg was never used), and the letter indicating scheduling sequence.^[11] These codes were assigned when the launches were initially scheduled and were not changed as missions were delayed or rescheduled.^[6] The codes were adopted from STS-41-B through STS-51-L, and the sequential numbers were used internally at NASA on all processing paperwork.

After the Challenger disaster, NASA returned to using a sequential numbering system, with the number counting from the beginning of the STS program. Unlike the initial system, however, the numbers were assigned based on the initial mission schedule, and did not always reflect actual launch order. This numbering scheme started at 26, with the first flight as STS-26R—the R suffix stood for "reflight" to disambiguate from prior missions. The suffix was used for two years through STS-33R, then the R was dropped.^[6] As a result of the changes in systems, flights under different numbering systems could have the same number with one having a letter appended, e.g. flight STS-51 (a mission carried out by Discovery in 1993) was many years after STS-51-A (Discovery's second flight in 1984).^[6]

Shuttle flights

Test flights

The Approach and Landing Test Programme encompassed 16 separate tests of Enterprise, covering taxi tests, unmanned and manned flights on the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, and finally the free flight tests. The following list includes the free-flight tests, durations listed count only the orbiter free-flight time. The list does not include total time aloft along with airborne time atop of the Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA).

Order	Launch date	Mission	Shuttle	Crew	Duration	Landing site	Notes	Sources
1	12 August 1977	ALT-12	Enterprise	2	00d 00h 05m	Edwards	First free flight First non-captive flight of Enterprise	[12][13][14][15]
2	13 September 1977	ALT-13	Enterprise	2	00d 00h 05m	Edwards	Second free flight	[12][13]
3	23 September 1977	ALT-14	Enterprise	2	00d 00h 05m	Edwards	Third free flight	[12][13]
4	12 October 1977	ALT-15	Enterprise	2	00d 00h 02m	Edwards	Fourth free flight First flight without tailcone (operational configuration)	[12][13][15][16]
5	26 October 1977	ALT-16	Enterprise	2	00d 00h 02m	Edwards	Final free flight Final non-captive flight of Enterprise	[12][13][17]

Launches and orbital flights

Order	Launch date	Mission	Shuttle	Crew[lower-alpha 1]	Duration	Landing site	Notes	Sources
1	19810412 !12 April 1981 12:00:04 UTC 07:00:04 EST	001 ! STS-1	Columbia	2	02d 06h	Edwards	First reusable orbital spacecraft flight First flight of Columbia	[18][19][20]
2	19811112 !12 November 1981 15:10:00 UTC 10:10:00 EST	002 ! STS-2	Columbia	2	02d 06h	Edwards	First reuse of a manned orbital space vehicle First test of Canadarm robot arm Truncated due to fuel cell problem	[21][22][23]
3	19820322 !22 March 1982 16:00:00 UTC 11:00:00 EST	003 ! STS-3	Columbia	2	08d 00h	White Sands	Shuttle R&D flight First and only landing at White Sands, New Mexico	[24][25][26]
4	19820627 !27 June 1982 15:00:00 UTC 11:00:00 EDT	004 ! STS-4	Columbia	2	07d 01h	Edwards	Last shuttle R&D flight First Department of Defense (DoD) payload	[27][28][29][30]
5	19821111 !11 November 1982 12:19:00 UTC 07:19:00 EST	005 ! STS-5	Columbia	4	05d 02h	Edwards	Multiple comsat deployments First Extravehicular activity of program canceled due to suit problems	[31][32][33][34]
6	19830404 !4 April 1983 18:30:00 UTC 13:30:00 EST	006 ! STS-6	Challenger	4	05d 00h	Edwards	Tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS) deployment First flight of Challenger First Space Shuttle Extravehicular activity	[35][36]
7	19830618 !18 June 1983 11:33:00 UTC 07:33:00 EDT	007 ! STS-7	Challenger	5	06d 02h	Edwards	First US woman in space Sally Ride Multiple comsat deployments First deployment and retrieval of a Shuttle Pallet Satellite	[37][38]
8	19830830 !30 August 1983 06:32:00 UTC 02:32:00 EDT	008 ! STS-8	Challenger	5	06d 01h	Edwards	Comsat deployment First flight of an African American in space, Guion Bluford Test of robot arm on heavy payloads with Payload Flight Test Article First night landing	[39][40]
9	19831128 !28 November 1983 16:00:00 UTC 11:00:00 EST	009 ! STS-9	Columbia	6	10d 07h	Edwards	First Spacelab mission Flight of Ulf Merbold (first European Space Agency Astronaut on a shuttle mission)	[41][42]
10	19840203 !3 February 1984 13:00:00 UTC 08:00:00 EST	041B ! STS-41-B	Challenger	5	07d 23h	Kennedy	Deployed two Comsats First untethered spacewalk by Bruce McCandless II with Manned Maneuvering Unit First landing at Kennedy Space Center Dry run of equipment for Solar Max rescue	[43][44]
11	19840406 !6 April 1984 13:58:00 UTC 08:58:00 EST	041C ! STS-41-C	Challenger	5	06d 23h	Edwards	Solar Max servicing (first satellite rescue by astronauts) Long Duration Exposure Facility deployment	[45][46][47]
12	19840830 !30 August 1984 12:41:50 UTC 08:41:50 EDT	041D ! STS-41-D	Discovery	6	06d 00h	Edwards	Multiple comsat deployments First flight of Discovery Test of OAST-1 Solar Array	[48][49]
13	19841005 !5 October 1984 11:03:00 UTC 07:03:00 EDT	041G ! STS-41-G	Challenger	7	08d 05h	Kennedy	Earth Radiation Budget Satellite deployment First flight of two women in space, Sally Ride and Kathryn Sullivan First spacewalk by US woman, Sullivan First Canadian in space, Marc Garneau	[50][51]
14	19841108 !8 November 1984 12:15:00 UTC 07:15:00 EST	051A ! STS-51-A	Discovery	5	07d 23h	Kennedy	Multiple comsat deployments Retrieval of two other comsats (Palapa B2 and Westar VI), which were subsequently refurbished on Earth and reflown	[52][53]
15	19850124 !24 January 1985 19:50:00 UTC 14:50:00 EST	051C ! STS-51-C	Discovery	5	03d 01h	Kennedy	First classified Department of Defense (DoD) mission Magnum satellite deployment	[28][54][55]
16	19850412 !12 April 1985 13:59:05 UTC 08:59:05 EST	051D ! STS-51-D	Discovery	7	06d 23h	Kennedy	Multiple comsat deployments First flight of a sitting politician in space, Jake Garn First impromptu Extravehicular activity of program to fix Syncom F3 (Leasat 3)	[56][57]
17	19850429 !29 April 1985 16:02:18 UTC 12:02:18 EDT	051B ! STS-51-B	Challenger	7	07d 00h	Edwards	First mission with Spacelab module in a fully operational configuration Conducted experiments in microgravity	[58][59]
18	19850617 !17 June 1985 11:33:00 UTC 07:33:00 EDT	051G ! STS-51-G	Discovery	7	07d 01h	Edwards	Multiple comsat deployments Flight of first member of royalty, Saudi, Muslim, and Arab in space, Sultan bin Salman Al Saud	[60][61]
19	19850729 !29 July 1985 22:00:00 UTC 18:00:00 EDT	051F ! STS-51-F	Challenger	7	07d 22h	Edwards	Spacelab mission Abort to Orbit. Faulty temperature sensor incorrectly indicated that fuel turbine discharge temperature exceeded the limit. Therefore, one main engine was shut down at T+345 s, resulting in a much lower orbit than planned. All mission objectives achieved	[62][63]
20	19850827 !27 August 1985 10:58:01 UTC 06:58:01 EDT	051I ! STS-51-I	Discovery	5	07d 02h	Edwards	Multiple comsat deployments Rescue of Syncom F3 (Leasat-3)	[64][65]
21	19851003 !3 October 1985 15:15:30 UTC 11:15:30 EDT	051J ! STS-51-J	Atlantis	5	04d 01h	Edwards	Second classified DoD mission Defense Satellite Communications System satellite deployment First flight of Atlantis	[28][66][67]
22	19851030 !30 October 1985 17:00:00 UTC 12:00:00 EST	061A ! STS-61-A	Challenger	8	07d 00h	Edwards	Largest crew on a spaceflight Third flight of Spacelab Spacelab-D1 microgravity experiments Mission funded by Germany Last successful mission of Challenger First Dutchman in space, Wubbo Ockels	[68][69]
23	19851126 !26 November 1985 24:29:00 UTC 19:29:00 EST	061B ! STS-61-B	Atlantis	7	06d 21h	Edwards	Multiple comsat deployment EASE/ACCESS experiment First Mexican in space, Rodolfo Neri Vela	[70][71]
24	19860112 !12 January 1986 11:55:00 UTC 06:55:00 EST	061C ! STS-61-C	Columbia	7	06d 02h	Edwards	Comsat deployment Flight of US Representative Bill Nelson	[72][73]
25	19860128 !28 January 1986 16:38:00 UTC 11:38:00 EST	051L ! STS-51-L	Challenger	7	00d 00h 01m 13s	Did not land [lower-alpha 2]	Planned tracking and data relay satellite deployment Loss of vehicle and crew Teacher in space flight	[74][75]
26	19880929 !29 September 1988 15:37:00 UTC 11:37:00 EDT	026 ! STS-26R	Discovery	5	04d 01h	Edwards	Tracking and data relay satellite deployment First post-Challenger flight	[76][77]
27	19881202 !2 December 1988 14:30:34 UTC 09:30:34 EST	027 ! STS-27R	Atlantis	5	04d 09h	Edwards	Third classified DoD mission Lacrosse 1 deployment	[28][78][79]
28	19890313 !13 March 1989 14:57:00 UTC 09:57:00 EST	029 ! STS-29R	Discovery	5	04d 23h	Edwards	Tracking and data relay satellite deployment with attached Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) IMAX camera Space Station Heat Pipe Advanced Radiator Element I space station radiator experiment	[80][81]
29	19890504 !4 May 1989 18:46:59 UTC 14:46:59 EDT	030 ! STS-30R	Atlantis	5	04d 00h	Edwards	Magellan Venus probe deployment	[82][83]
30	19890808 !8 August 1989 12:37:00 UTC 08:37:00 EDT	028 ! STS-28R	Columbia	5	05d 01h	Edwards	Fourth classified DoD mission Satellite Data System deployment	[28][84][85]
31	19891018 !18 October 1989 16:53:40 UTC 12:53:40 EDT	034 ! STS-34R	Atlantis	5	04d 23h	Edwards	Galileo Jupiter probe deployment IMAX camera	[86][87]
32	19891122 !22 November 1989 24:23:30 UTC 19:23:30 EST	033 ! STS-33R	Discovery	5	05d 00h	Edwards	Fifth classified DoD mission Deployment of Magnum	[28][88][89]
33	19900109 !9 January 1990 12:35:00 UTC 07:35:00 EST	032 ! STS-32	Columbia	5	10d 21h	Edwards	Syncom IV-F5 satellite deployment Long Duration Exposure Facility retrieval IMAX camera	[90][91]
34	19900228 !28 February 1990 07:50:22 UTC 02:50:22 EST	036 ! STS-36	Atlantis	5	04d 10h	Edwards	Sixth classified DoD mission Misty reconnaissance satellite deployment	[28][92][93]
35	19900424 !24 April 1990 12:33:51 UTC 08:33:51 EDT	031 ! STS-31	Discovery	5	05d 01h	Edwards	Hubble Space Telescope deployment	[94][95]
36	19901006 !6 October 1990 11:47:15 UTC 07:47:15 EDT	041 ! STS-41	Discovery	5	04d 02h	Edwards	Ulysses/Inertial Upper Stage solar probe deployment	[96][97]
37	19901115 !15 November 1990 23:48:15 UTC 18:48:15 EST	038 ! STS-38	Atlantis	5	04d 21h	Kennedy	Seventh classified DoD mission Likely SDS2-2 deployed	[28][98][99]
38	19901202 !2 December 1990 06:49:01 UTC 01:49:01 EST	035 ! STS-35	Columbia	7	08d 23h	Edwards	Use of ASTRO-1 observatory	[100][101]
39	19910405 !5 April 1991 14:22:45 UTC 09:22:45 EST	037 ! STS-37	Atlantis	5	05d 23h	Edwards	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory deployment	[102][103]
40	19910428 !28 April 1991 11:33:14 UTC 07:33:14 EDT	039 ! STS-39	Discovery	7	08d 07h	Kennedy	First unclassified DoD mission Military science experiments	[28][104][105]
41	19910605 !5 June 1991 13:24:51 UTC 09:24:51 EDT	040 ! STS-40	Columbia	7	09d 02h	Edwards	Spacelab mission	[106][107]
42	19910802 !2 August 1991 15:02:00 UTC 11:02:00 EDT	043 ! STS-43	Atlantis	5	08d 21h	Kennedy	Tracking and data relay satellite deployment	[108][109]
43	19910912 !12 September 1991 23:11:04 UTC 19:11:04 EDT	048 ! STS-48	Discovery	5	05d 08h	Edwards	Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite deployment	[110][111]
44	19911124 !24 November 1991 23:44:00 UTC 18:44:00 EST	044 ! STS-44	Atlantis	6	06d 22h	Edwards	DSP satellite deployment	[112][113]
45	19920122 !22 January 1992 14:52:33 UTC 09:52:33 EST	042 ! STS-42	Discovery	7	08d 01h	Edwards	Spacelab mission	[114][115]
46	19920324 !24 March 1992 13:13:40 UTC 08:13:40 EST	045 ! STS-45	Atlantis	7	08d 22h	Kennedy	ATLAS-1 science platform	[116][117]
47	19920507 !7 May 1992 23:40:00 UTC 19:40:00 EDT	049 ! STS-49	Endeavour	7	08d 21h	Edwards	Intelsat VI repair First flight of Endeavour First 3 person Extravehicular activity Assembly of Station by EVA Methods (ASEM) space station truss experiment EVA Record four EVAs total for mission	[118][119]
48	19920625 !25 June 1992 16:12:23 UTC 12:12:23 EDT	050 ! STS-50	Columbia	7	13d 19h	Kennedy	Spacelab mission	[120][121]
49	19920731 !31 July 1992 13:56:48 UTC 09:56:48 EDT	046 ! STS-46	Atlantis	7	07d 23h	Kennedy	Deployment of EURECA Deployment of National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Italian Space Agency Tethered Satellite System (TSS)	[122][123]
50	19920912 !12 September 1992 14:23:00 UTC 10:23:00 EDT	047 ! STS-47	Endeavour	7	07d 22h	Kennedy	Spacelab-J First flight of an African-American woman in space, Mae Jemison Japan funded mission	[124][125]
51	19921022 !22 October 1992 17:09:39 UTC 13:09:39 EDT	052 ! STS-52	Columbia	6	09d 20h	Kennedy	LAGEOS II deployment Microgravity experiments	[126][127]
52	19921202 !2 December 1992 13:24:00 UTC 08:24:00 EST	053 ! STS-53	Discovery	5	07d 07h	Edwards	Partially classified 10th and final DoD mission Likely deployment of SDS2 satellite	[28][128][129]
53	19930113 !13 January 1993 13:59:30 UTC 08:59:30 EST	054 ! STS-54	Endeavour	5	05d 23h	Kennedy	TDRS-F/IUS deployment	[130][131]
54	19930408 !8 April 1993 05:29:00 UTC 01:29:00 EDT	056 ! STS-56	Discovery	5	09d 06h	Kennedy	ATLAS-2 science platform	[132][133]
55	19930426 !26 April 1993 14:50:00 UTC 10:50:00 EDT	055 ! STS-55	Columbia	7	09d 23h	Edwards	Spacelab-D2 Mission funded by Germany	[134][135]
56	19930621 !21 June 1993 13:07:22 UTC 09:07:22 EDT	057 ! STS-57	Endeavour	6	09d 23h	Kennedy	Scientific Experiments aboard the SPACEHAB module Retrieval of EURECA	[136][137]
57	19930912 !12 September 1993 11:45:00 UTC 07:45:00 EDT	051 ! STS-51	Discovery	5	09d 20h	Kennedy	ACTS satellite deployed Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer with IMAX camera deployed	[138][139]
58	19931018 !18 October 1993 14:53:10 UTC 10:53:10 EDT	058 ! STS-58	Columbia	7	14d 00h	Edwards	Spacelab mission	[140][141]
59	19931202 !2 December 1993 09:27:00 UTC 04:27:00 EST	061 ! STS-61	Endeavour	7	10d 19h	Kennedy	Hubble Space Telescope servicing	[142][143]
60	19940203 !3 February 1994 12:10:00 UTC 07:10:00 EST	060 ! STS-60	Discovery	6	07d 06h	Kennedy	SPACEHAB Wake Shield Facility	[144][145]
61	19940304 !4 March 1994 13:53:00 UTC 08:53:00 EST	062 ! STS-62	Columbia	5	13d 23h	Kennedy	Microgravity experiments	[146][147]
62	19940409 !9 April 1994 11:05:00 UTC 07:05:00 EDT	059 ! STS-59	Endeavour	6	11d 05h	Edwards	Experiments aboard Shuttle Radar Laboratory-1	[148][149]
63	19940708 !8 July 1994 04:43:00 UTC 00:43:00 EDT	065 ! STS-65	Columbia	7	14d 17h	Kennedy	Spacelab mission	[150][151]
64	19940909 !9 September 1994 22:22:05 UTC 18:22:05 EDT	064 ! STS-64	Discovery	6	10d 22h	Edwards	Multiple science experiments SPARTAN	[152][153]
65	19940930 !30 September 1994 11:16:00 UTC 07:16:00 EDT	068 ! STS-68	Endeavour	6	11d 05h	Edwards	Experiments aboard Space Radar Laboratory-2	[154][155]
66	19941103 !3 November 1994 16:59:43 UTC 11:59:43 EST	066 ! STS-66	Atlantis	6	10d 22h	Edwards	ATLAS-3 science platform	[156][157]
67	19950203 !3 February 1995 05:22:04 UTC 00:22:04 EST	063 ! STS-63	Discovery	6	08d 06h	Kennedy	Mir rendezvous SPACEHAB IMAX camera	[158][159]
68	19950302 !2 March 1995 06:38:13 UTC 01:38:13 EST	067 ! STS-67	Endeavour	7	16d 15h	Edwards	ASTRO-2 Deployment	[160][161]
69	19950627 !27 June 1995 19:32:19 UTC 15:32:19 EDT	071 ! STS-71	Atlantis	7/8	09d 19h	Kennedy	First Shuttle-Mir docking	[162][163]
70	19950713 !13 July 1995 13:41:55 UTC 09:41:55 EDT	070 ! STS-70	Discovery	5	08d 22h	Kennedy	TDRS-G/IUS deployed	[164][165]
71	19950907 !7 September 1995 15:09:00 UTC 11:09:00 EDT	069 ! STS-69	Endeavour	5	10d 20h	Kennedy	Wake Shield Facility SPARTAN	[166][167]
72	19951020 !20 October 1995 13:53:00 UTC 09:53:00 EDT	073 ! STS-73	Columbia	7	15d 21h	Kennedy	Spacelab mission	[168][169]
73	19951112 !12 November 1995 12:30:43 UTC 07:30:43 EST	074 ! STS-74	Atlantis	5	08d 04h	Kennedy	Second Shuttle-Mir docking Delivered docking module Delivered IMAX cargo bay camera	[170][171]
74	19960111 !11 January 1996 09:41:00 UTC 04:41:00 EST	072 ! STS-72	Endeavour	6	08d 22h	Kennedy	Retrieved Japan's Space Flyer Unit 2 Extravehicular activitys	[172][173]
75	19960222 !22 February 1996 20:18:00 UTC 15:18:00 EST	075 ! STS-75	Columbia	7	15d 17h	Kennedy	Tethered satellite reflight, lost due to broken tether	[174][175]
76	19960322 !22 March 1996 08:13:04 UTC 03:13:04 EST	076 ! STS-76	Atlantis	6/5	09d 05h	Edwards	Shuttle-Mir docking	[176][177]
77	19960519 !19 May 1996 10:30:00 UTC 06:30:00 EDT	077 ! STS-77	Endeavour	6	10d 00h	Kennedy	SPACEHAB SPARTAN	[178][179]
78	19960620 !20 June 1996 14:49:00 UTC 10:49:00 EDT	078 ! STS-78	Columbia	7	16d 21h	Kennedy	Spacelab mission	[180][181]
79	19960916 !16 September 1996 08:54:49 UTC 04:54:49 EDT	079 ! STS-79	Atlantis	6/6	10d 03h	Kennedy	Shuttle-Mir docking	[182][183]
80	19961119 !19 November 1996 19:55:47 UTC 14:55:47 EST	080 ! STS-80	Columbia	5	17d 15h	Kennedy	Wake Shield Facility Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer-Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ORFEUS) II	[184][185]
81	19970112 !12 January 1997 09:27:23 UTC 04:27:23 EST	081 ! STS-81	Atlantis	6/6	10d 04h	Kennedy	Shuttle-Mir docking	[186][187]
82	19970211 !11 February 1997 08:55:17 UTC 03:55:17 EST	082 ! STS-82	Discovery	7	09d 23h	Kennedy	Hubble Space Telescope servicing	[188][189]
83	19970404 !4 April 1997 19:20:32 UTC 14:20:32 EST	083 ! STS-83	Columbia	7	03d 23h	Kennedy	Spacelab mission Truncated due to fuel cell problem	[190][191]
84	19970515 !15 May 1997 08:07:48 UTC 04:07:48 EDT	084 ! STS-84	Atlantis	7/7	09d 05h	Kennedy	Shuttle-Mir docking	[192][193]
85	19970701 !1 July 1997 18:02:00 UTC 14:02:00 EDT	094 ! STS-94	Columbia	7	15d 16h	Kennedy	Spacelab mission	[194][195]
86	19970807 !7 August 1997 14:41:00 UTC 10:41:00 EDT	085 ! STS-85	Discovery	6	11d 20h	Kennedy	Deployed and retrieved Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS)	[196][197]
87	19970925 !25 September 1997 14:34:19 UTC 10:34:19 EDT	086 ! STS-86	Atlantis	7/7	10d 19h	Kennedy	Shuttle-Mir docking	[198][199]
88	19971119 !19 November 1997 19:46:00 UTC 14:46:00 EST	087 ! STS-87	Columbia	6	15d 16h	Kennedy	Microgravity experiments 2 Extravehicular activitys SPARTAN	[200][201]
89	19980122 !22 January 1998 02:48:15 UTC[lower-alpha 3] 21:48:15 EST	089 ! STS-89	Endeavour	7/7	08d 19h	Kennedy	Shuttle-Mir docking	[202][203]
90	19980417 !17 April 1998 18:19:00 UTC 14:19:00 EDT	090 ! STS-90	Columbia	7	15d 21h	Kennedy	Spacelab mission	[204][205]
91	19980602 !2 June 1998 22:06:24 UTC 18:06:24 EDT	091 ! STS-91	Discovery	6/7	09d 19h	Kennedy	Last Shuttle-Mir docking	[206][207]
92	19981029 !29 October 1998 19:19:34 UTC 14:19:34 EST	095 ! STS-95	Discovery	7	08d 21h	Kennedy	SPACEHAB John Glenn flies again	[208][209]
93	19981204 !4 December 1998 08:35:34 UTC 03:35:34 EST	088 ! STS-88	Endeavour	6	11d 19h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 2A: Node 1 First Shuttle ISS assembly flight	[210][211]
94	19990527 !27 May 1999 10:49:42 UTC 06:49:42 EDT	096 ! STS-96	Discovery	7	09d 19h	Kennedy	ISS supply	[212][213]
95	19990723 !23 July 1999 04:31:00 UTC 00:31:00 EDT	093 ! STS-93	Columbia	5	04d 22h	Kennedy	Chandra X-ray Observatory deployed	[214][215]
96	19991219 !19 December 1999 24:50:00 UTC 19:50:00 EST	103 ! STS-103	Discovery	7	07d 23h	Kennedy	Hubble Space Telescope servicing	[216][217]
97	20000211 !11 February 2000 16:43:40 UTC 12:43:40 EDT	099 ! STS-99	Endeavour	6	11d 05h	Kennedy	Shuttle Radar Topography Mission	[218][219]
98	20000519 !19 May 2000 10:11:10 UTC 06:11:10 EDT	101 ! STS-101	Atlantis	7	09d 21h	Kennedy	ISS supply	[220][221]
99	20000908 !8 September 2000 12:45:47 UTC 08:45:47 EDT	106 ! STS-106	Atlantis	7	11d 19h	Kennedy	ISS supply	[222][223]
100	20001011 !11 October 2000 23:17:00 UTC 18:17:00 EST	092 ! STS-92	Discovery	7	12d 21h	Edwards	ISS assembly flight 3A: Z1 truss	[224][225]
101	20001130 !30 November 2000 03:06:01 UTC[lower-alpha 3] 22:06:01 EST	097 ! STS-97	Endeavour	5	10d 19h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 4A: P6 solar arrays, radiators	[226][227]
102	20010207 !7 February 2001 23:13:02 UTC 18:13:02 EST	098 ! STS-98	Atlantis	5	12d 21h	Edwards	ISS assembly flight 5A: Destiny lab	[228][229]
103	20010308 !8 March 2001 11:42:09 UTC 06:42:09 EST	102 ! STS-102	Discovery	7/7	12d 19h	Kennedy	ISS supply and crew rotation	[230][231]
104	20010419 !19 April 2001 18:40:42 UTC 14:40:42 EDT	100 ! STS-100	Endeavour	7	11d 21h	Edwards	ISS assembly flight 6A: robotic arm First spacewalk by a Canadian, Chris Hadfield	[232][233]
105	20010712 !12 July 2001 09:03:59 UTC 05:03:59 EDT	104 ! STS-104	Atlantis	5	12d 18h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 7A: Quest Joint Airlock	[234][235]
106	20010810 !10 August 2001 21:10:14 UTC 17:10:14 EDT	105 ! STS-105	Discovery	7/7	11d 21h	Kennedy	ISS supply and crew rotation	[236][237]
107	20011205 !5 December 2001 22:19:28 UTC 17:19:28 EST	108 ! STS-108	Endeavour	7/7	11d 19h	Kennedy	ISS supply and crew rotation	[238][239]
108	20020301 !1 March 2002 11:22:02 UTC 06:22:02 EST	109 ! STS-109	Columbia	7	10d 22h	Kennedy	Hubble Space Telescope servicing Last successful mission for Columbia	[240][241]
109	20020408 !8 April 2002 20:44:19 UTC 16:44:19 EDT	110 ! STS-110	Atlantis	7	10d 19h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 8A: S0 truss	[242][243]
110	20020605 !5 June 2002 21:22:49 UTC 17:22:49 EDT	111 ! STS-111	Endeavour	7/7	13d 20h	Edwards	ISS supply and crew rotation Mobile Base System	[244][245]
111	20021007 !7 October 2002 19:45:51 UTC 15:45:51 EDT	112 ! STS-112	Atlantis	6	10d 19h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 9A: S1 truss	[246][247]
112	20021123 !23 November 2002 24:49:47 UTC 19:49:47 EST	113 ! STS-113	Endeavour	7/7	13d 18h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 11A: P1 truss, crew rotation Last successful mission before STS-107	[248][249]
113	20030116 !16 January 2003 15:39:00 UTC 10:39:00 EST	107 ! STS-107	Columbia	7	15d 22h	Did not land[lower-alpha 2]	SPACEHAB Loss of vehicle and crew	[250][251]
114	20050726 !26 July 2005 14:39:00 UTC 10:39:00 EDT	114 ! STS-114	Discovery	7	13d 21h	Edwards	First post Columbia flight Flight safety Evaluation/testing ISS supply/repair MPLM Raffaello	[252][253]
115	20060704 !4 July 2006 18:37:55 UTC 14:37:55 EDT	121 ! STS-121	Discovery	7/6	12d 18h	Kennedy	ISS Flight ULF1.1: supply and crew rotation MPLM Leonardo	[254][255]
116	20060909 !9 September 2006 15:14:55 UTC 11:14:55 EDT	115 ! STS-115	Atlantis	6	11d 19h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 12A: P3/P4 Truss, Solar Arrays	[256][257]
117	20061209 !9 December 2006 24:47:35 UTC 20:47:35 EDT	116 ! STS-116	Discovery	7/7	12d 21h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 12A.1: P5 Truss & SPACEHAB-SM Crew rotation	[258][259]
118	20070608 !8 June 2007 23:38:04 UTC 19:38:04 EDT	117 ! STS-117	Atlantis	7/7	13d 20h	Edwards	ISS assembly flight 13A: S3/S4 Truss, Solar Arrays Crew rotation	[260][261]
119	20070808 !8 August 2007 22:36:42 UTC 18:36:42 EDT	118 ! STS-118	Endeavour	7	12d 18h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 13A.1: S5 Truss & SPACEHAB-SM & ESP-3 First use of Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System (SSPTS)	[262][263]
120	20071023 !23 October 2007 03:38:19 UTC[lower-alpha 3] 23:38:19 EDT	120 ! STS-120	Discovery	7/7	15d 02h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 10A: US Harmony module Crew rotation	[264][265]
121	20080207 !7 February 2008 19:45:30 UTC 14:45:30 EST	122 ! STS-122	Atlantis	7/7	12d 18h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 1E: European Laboratory Columbus Crew rotation	[266][267]
122	20080311 !11 March 2008 06:28:14 UTC 02:28:14 EDT	123 ! STS-123	Endeavour	7/7	15d 18h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 1J/A: Experiment Logistics Module-Pressurized Section (ELM PS) & SPDM Crew rotation	[268][269]
123	20080531 !31 May 2008 21:02:12 UTC 17:02:12 EDT	124 ! STS-124	Discovery	7/7	13d 18h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 1J: Japanese modules Kibo and RMS	[270][271]
124	20081114 !14 November 2008 24:55:39 UTC 19:55:39 EST	126 ! STS-126	Endeavour	7/7	15d 20h	Edwards	ISS assembly flight ULF2: MPLM Leonardo Crew rotation	[272][273]
125	20090315 !15 March 2009 23:43:44 UTC 19:43:44 EDT	119 ! STS-119	Discovery	7/7	12d 19h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 15A: S6 Truss, Solar Arrays	[274][275]
126	20090511 !11 May 2009 18:01:56 UTC 14:01:56 EDT	125 ! STS-125	Atlantis	7	12d 21h	Edwards	Last Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission Final Non-ISS flight	[276][277][278]
127	20090715 !15 July 2009 22:03:10 UTC 18:03:10 EDT	127 ! STS-127	Endeavour	7/7	15d 16h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 2J/A: Japanese Experiment Modoules Exposed Facility (EF) and ELM ES	[279][280]
128	20090828 !28 August 2009 03:59:37 UTC[lower-alpha 3] 23:59:37 EDT	128 ! STS-128	Discovery	7/7	13d 21h	Edwards	ISS assembly flight 17A: MPLM Leonardo Crew rotation Final landing at Edwards AFB	[281][282]
129	20091116 !16 November 2009 19:28:01 UTC 14:28:01 EST	129 ! STS-129	Atlantis	6/7	10d 19h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight ULF3: ExPRESS Logistics Carriers (ELCs) 1 & 2	[283][284]
130	20100208 !8 February 2010 09:14:07 UTC 04:14:07 EST	130 ! STS-130	Endeavour	6	13d 18h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 20A: Node 3 and Cupola	[285][286]
131	20100405 !5 April 2010 10:21:25 UTC 06:21:25 EDT	131 ! STS-131	Discovery	7	15d 03h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight 19A: Utility and Logistics Flight 4: Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo Last night launch of the Shuttle Program	[287][288]
132	20100514 !14 May 2010 18:20:09 UTC 14:20:09 EDT	132 ! STS-132	Atlantis	6	11d 18h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight ULF4: Mini-Research Module 1	[289][290]
133	20110214 !24 February 2011 21:53:24 UTC 16:53:24 EST	133 ! STS-133	Discovery	6	12d 19h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight ULF5, Pressurized Multipurpose Module Leonardo, ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 4 Final flight of Discovery	[291][292]
134	20110516 !16 May 2011 24:55:42 UTC 20:55:42 EDT	134 ! STS-134	Endeavour	6	15d 18h	Kennedy	ISS assembly flight ULF6, ELC 3, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Final flight of Endeavour	[293][294]
135	20110708 !8 July 2011 15:29:04 UTC 11:29:04 EDT	135 ! STS-135	Atlantis	4	12d 18h	Kennedy	Payload Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Raffaello Final flight of Atlantis Final flight of the Space Shuttle program	[295][296][297]

Cancelled missions

One initial emergency flight abort (RTLS) sub-orbital test mission was canceled due to high risk. Many other planned missions were canceled due to the late development of the shuttle, and the Challenger and Columbia disasters.

Four missions were cut short by a day or more while in orbit: STS-2 (equipment failure),^[22] STS-35 (weather),^[100] STS-44 (equipment failure),^[191] and STS-83 (equipment failure, relaunched as STS-94).^[191]

Contingency missions

Atlantis and Endeavour on LC-39A and LC-39B. Endeavour was slated to launch for STS-400 rescue mission should Atlantis (STS-125) be found unable to return safely to Earth.

STS-300 was the designation for the Space Shuttle Launch on Need (LON) missions to be launched on short notice for STS-114 and STS-121, in the event that the shuttle became disabled or damaged and could not safely return to Earth.^{[298][299][300]} The rescue flight for STS-115, if needed, would have been STS-301. After STS-115, the rescue mission designations were based on the corresponding regular mission that would be replaced should the rescue mission be needed. For example, the STS-116 rescue mission was branded STS-317, because the normal mission scheduled after STS-116 was STS-117. Should the rescue mission have been needed, the crew and vehicle for STS-117 would assume the rescue mission profile and become STS-317. All potential rescue missions were to be launched with a crew of four, and would return with ten or eleven crew members, depending on the number of crew launched on the rescued shuttle. Missions were expected to last approximately eleven days. None of the planned contingency missions was ever flown.^[301]

No contingency mission was planned for STS-135, the final shuttle mission. Instead, NASA planned to effect any required rescues one-by-one, using Russian Soyuz spacecraft.^[302]

Flight statistics

Key
	Test vehicle
	Lost

Shuttle	Designation	Flights	Flight days	Orbits	Longest flight	First flight		Last flight		MIR/ISS Docking	Sources
						Flight	Date	Flight	Date
Enterprise	OV-101	5	00d 00h 19m	0	00d 00h 05m	ALT-12	12 August 1977	ALT-16	26 October 1977	– / –	[304][305][306][307]
Columbia	OV-102	28	300d 17h 47m 15s	4,808	17d 15h 53m 18s	STS-1	12 April 1981	STS-107	16 January 2003	0 / 0	[304][305][308][309][310]
Challenger	OV-099	10	62d 07h 56m 15s	995	08d 05h 23m 33s	STS-6	4 April 1983	STS-51-L	28 January 1986	0 / 0	[304][305][311][312]
Discovery	OV-103	39	364d 22h 39m 29s	5,830	15d 02h 48m 08s	STS-41-D	30 August 1984	STS-133	24 February 2011	1 / 13	[304][305][313][314]
Atlantis	OV-104	33	306d 14h 12m 43s	4,848	13d 20h 12m 44s	STS-51-J	3 October 1985	STS-135	8 July 2011	7 / 12	[304][305][315][316]
Endeavour	OV-105	25	296d 03h 34m 02s	4,677	16d 15h 08m 48s	STS-49	7 May 1992	STS-134	16 May 2011	1 / 12	[304][305][317][318]
Total	N/A	135	1330d 18h 9m 44s	21,158	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	9 / 37	N/A

See also

• ISS assembly sequence
• List of Buran missions
• List of human spaceflights
• List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station
• List of Space Shuttle crews
• List of space shuttle rollbacks

Notes

References