Streptomyces antibioticus

Streptomyces antibioticus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinobacteria
Class: Actinobacteria
Order: Actinomycetales
Family: Streptomycetaceae
Genus: Streptomyces
Species: S. antibioticus
Binomial name
Streptomyces antibioticus
Waksman

Streptomyces antibioticus (previously known as Actinomyces antibioticus) is a bacterium discovered in 1941 by Nobel-prize-winner Selman Waksman and H. Boyd Woodruff.[1] It produces a large number of antibiotic compounds, including boromycin,[2] oleandomycin,[3][4][5] mycangimycin,[6], actinomycin,[7] and others.

Taxonomy

In 1941 Waksman and Woodruff chose to name the organism Actinomyces antibioticus.[1](p232) However, following the subsequent renaming of actinomycetes (also by Waksman),[8] the organism became known as Streptomyces antibioticus.

Morphology

The original authors described S. antibioticus as follows:[1](p246)

Spore-bearing hyphae produced in the form of straight aerial mycelium. The sporophores are arranged in clusters; no spirals formed. The spores are nearly spherical to somewhat elliptical.

It is also described as smelling strongly of soil.[1](p247)

Use in medicine

S. antibioticus produces many antibiotic compounds; these include (among others):

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Waksman, Selman A.; Woodruff, H. Boyd (1941). "Actinomyces antibioticus, a New Soil Organism Antagonistic to Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Bacteria". Journal of Bacteriology. 42 (2): 231–249. PMC 374755Freely accessible.
  2. 1 2 Chen, Tom S. S.; Chang, Ching-Jer; Floss, Heinz G. (June 1981). "Biosynthesis of boromycin". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 46 (13): 2661–2665. doi:10.1021/jo00326a010.
  3. 1 2 "What are Streptomycetes?". Hosenkin Lab; Hiroshima-University. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  4. 1 2 Swan, David G.; Rodríguez, Ana M.; Vilches, Carmen; Méndez, Carmen; Salas, José A. (1994). "Characterisation of a Streptomyces antibioticus gene encoding a type I polyketide synthase which has an unusual coding sequence". MGG Molecular & General Genetics. Springer-Verlag. 242 (3): 358–362. doi:10.1007/BF00280426. ISSN 1432-1874.
  5. 1 2 "Streptomyces antibioticus". finto: Finnish Thesaurus and Ontology Service. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  6. 1 2 Atta, Houssam M. (2010). "Production, Purification, Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activities of Antifungal Antibiotic Produced by Streptomyces antibioticus, AZ-Z710" (PDF). American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research. 5 (1): 39. ISSN 1818-6785. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  7. 1 2 Waksman, Selman A.; Tishler, Max (1942). "THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF ACTINOMYCIN, AN ANTI-MICROBIAL SUBSTANCE PRODUCED BY ACTINOMYCES ANTIBIOTICUS". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 142 (2): 519–528. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  8. ↑ Waksman, Selman A.; Henrici, Arthur T. (October 1943). "The Nomenclature and Classification of the Actinomycetes". Journal of Bacteriology. 46 (4): 339. PMC 373826Freely accessible.


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