Tahora Formation
| Tahora Formation Stratigraphic range: Campanian | |
|---|---|
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Tinui Group |
| Sub-units | Maungataniwha Sandstone Member, Mutuera Member, Houpapa Member |
| Underlies | Whangai Formation |
| Overlies | Urewera Group or Matawai Group |
| Thickness | ~500 m[1] |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | sandstone, conglomerate |
| Other | siltstone |
| Location | |
| Region | North Island |
| Country | New Zealand |
The Tahora Formation is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation that outcrops in northeastern New Zealand near Gisborne.[2][3] It is Haumurian in age according to the New Zealand geologic time scale (mainly Campanian, but ranging from Santonian to lower Maastrichtian). It forms part of the Upper Cretaceous to Teurian (Danian) (lower Paleocene) Tinui Group. It unconformably overlies the Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Urewera Group or the Upper Cretaceous Matawai Group. It is conformably overlain by the Haumurian to Teurian Whangai Formation. It consist of three members, the Maungataniwha Sandstone Member, the Mutuera Member and the Houpapa Member.[1] It is named for Tahora Station, south of Matawai in the Gisborne Region. The aptly named Maungataniwha (Māori for "mountain of monsters") Sandstone Member is known for its rich reptile fossil remains, first investigated by amateur palaeontologist Joan Wiffen.
Depositional environment
The whole of the Tinui Group is interpreted to be an upper Cretaceous transgressive sequence. The Maungataniwha Sandstone Member was deposited in a very shallow water to beach environment. The siltstones of the time equivalent Mutuera Member are thought to have been deposited in a mid to outer shelf environment. The Houpapa Member is interpreted to be the fill of local channels cut into the underlying strata.[1]
Fauna
Vertebrates
Indeterminate dinosaur remains have been recovered from the formation, including indeterminate Joan Wiffen's Theropod, Titanosaur, Nodosaurid, and Hypsilophodont remains.[4] Other fossils found in the Tahora Formation are of the 40 foot long mosasaur Moanasaurus, also known as Mosasaurus flemingi and Rikkisaurus. The humerus of a pterosaur very similar to the Australian Mythunga has also been found.
Invertebrates
Invertebrates found in the formation include ammonites, annelids, belemnites, bivalves, brachiopods, crinoids, crustaceans, gastropods, nautiloids and scaphopods.[3]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 Isaac M.J., Moore P.R. & Joass Y.J. (1991). "Tahora Formation: The basal facies of a Late Cretaceous transgressive sequence, northeastern New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 34 (2): 227–236. doi:10.1080/00288306.1991.9514460.
- ↑ "Tahora Formation". New Zealand Stratigraphic Lexicon. GNS Science. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
- 1 2 Vajda V. & Raine J.I. (2010). "A palynological investigation of plesiosaur-bearing rocks from the Upper Cretaceous Tahora Formation, Mangahouanga, New Zealand" (PDF). Alcheringa. 34: 359–374. doi:10.1080/03115518.2010.486642.
- ↑ Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution" Pp. 517-607. in Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. " Pp. 517-607.