Temes County

Temes County Comitatus Temesiensis Temes vármegye Komitat Temes Comitatul Timiș Тамишка жупанија Tamiška županija
County of the Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary
11th century–16th century 18th century-1920
Coat of arms
Capital		Temesvár 45°45′N 21°14′E / 45.750°N 21.233°E / 45.750; 21.233Coordinates: 45°45′N 21°14′E / 45.750°N 21.233°E / 45.750; 21.233
History
•	Established	11th century
•	Treaty of Trianon	4 June 1920 16th century 18th century-1920
Area
•	1910	7,433 km2 (2,870 sq mi)
Population
•	1910	500,835
	Density	67.4 /km2  (174.5 /sq mi)
Today part of		Romania  Serbia
Timișoara is the current name of the capital.

Themes County in 1370

County of Temes (Hungarian: Temes, Romanian: Timiș, Serbian: Тамиш or Tamiš, German: Temes or Temesch) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary. Its territory is now in southwestern Romania and northeastern Serbia. The capital of the county was Temesvár (Romanian: Timișoara, Serbian: Темишвар or Temišvar, German: Temeswar or Temeschwar).

Geography

Temes county was located in the Banat region. It shared borders with the Kingdom of Serbia and the Hungarian counties of Torontál, Arad and Krassó-Szörény. The river Danube formed its southern border, and the river Maros its northern border. The river Temes flowed through the county. Its area in 1910 was 7,433 km².

History

Temes County was formed in the 11th century, after the establishment of Hungarian rule in the region. It was named after the local Temes river. Principal center of the County was named Temesvár in Hungarian language, meaning literally: Temes Castle. The area was taken by the Ottoman Empire in the middle of 16th century and the county was abolished. This territory was then included into the Ottoman Temeşvar Eyalet.

After the region was captured by the Habsburgs in 1716, the area was included into the so-called Banat of Temeswar, a Habsburg province with administrative center in Temeswar. This province was abolished in 1778, and the county of Temes was restored. It was incorporated into Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary.

Between 1849 and 1860, the area of the county was part of Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat, a separate Austrian crown land. During this time, the county did not existed since voivodeship was divided into districts. Temes County was re-established after 1860, when the area was again incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary.

In 1918, the county first became part of the newly proclaimed Banat Republic that lasted only few days. The region was taken by Serbian and French troops, and then divided in 1919 between Romania and the also newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which was confirmed at the Paris Peace Conference. A majority of the county was assigned to Romania, while the south-western third was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929).

The Yugoslav part of the pre-1918 Temes County (the southern Banat region) is part of the Serbian autonomous region of Vojvodina. The Romanian part is now part of Timiș County, except a 10 km wide strip along the Mureș River, which is in the Romanian Arad County.

Demographics

1900

In 1900, the county had a population of 476,242 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:^[1]

Total:

• German: 171,087 (35,9%)
• Romanian: 167,523 (35,2%)
• Serbian: 64,902 (13,6%)
• Hungarian: 58,153 (12,2%)
• Slovak: 2,977 (0,6%)
• Croatian: 387 (0,1%)
• Ruthenian: 79 (0,0%)
• Other or unknown: 11,134 (2,4%)

According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:^[2]

Total:

• Eastern Orthodox: 223,247 (46,9%)
• Roman Catholic: 209,690 (44,0%)
• Greek Catholic: 12,360 (2,6%)
• Lutheran: 11,993 (2,5%)
• Jewish: 9,745 (2,1%)
• Calvinist: 8,712 (1,8%)
• Unitarian: 111 (0,0%)
• Other or unknown: 384 (0,0%)

1910

Ethnic map of the county with data of the 1910 census (see the key in the description).

In 1910, the county had a population of 500,835 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:^[3]

Total:

• Romanian: 169,030 (33,8%)
• German: 165,883 (33,1%)
• Hungarian: 79,960 (16,0%)
• Serbian: 69,905 (14,0%)
• Slovak: 3,080 (0,6%)
• Croatian: 350 (0,0%)
• Ruthenian: 30 (0,0%)
• Other or unknown: 12,597 (2,5%)

According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:^[4]

Total:

• Eastern Orthodox: 232,057 (46,3%)
• Roman Catholic: 221,175 (44,2%)
• Lutheran: 13,611 (2,7%)
• Greek Catholic: 12,381 (2,5%)
• Calvinist: 11,135 (2,2%)
• Jewish: 9,734 (1,9%)
• Unitarian: 160 (0,0%)
• Other or unknown: 582 (0,1%)

Subdivisions

Detailed map of the county

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Temes county were:

The towns of Vršac, Bela Crkva, and Kovin are now in Serbia; the other towns mentioned are now in Romania.

References

Counties of the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
Kingdom of Hungary	Abaúj-Torna Alsó-Fehér Arad Árva Bács-Bodrog Baranya Bars Békés Bereg Beszterce-Naszód Bihar Borsod Brassó Csanád Csík Csongrád Esztergom Fejér Fogaras Gömör-Kishont Győr Hajdú Háromszék Heves Hont Hunyad Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Kis-Küküllő Kolozs Komárom Krassó-Szörény Liptó Máramaros Maros-Torda Moson Nagy-Küküllő Nógrád Nyitra Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun Pozsony Sáros Somogy Sopron Szabolcs Szatmár Szeben Szepes Szilágy Szolnok-Doboka Temes Tolna Torda-Aranyos Torontál Trencsén Turóc Udvarhely Ugocsa Ung Vas Veszprém Zala Zemplén Zólyom
Corpus separatum	Fiume
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia	Bjelovar-Križevci Lika-Krbava Modruš-Rijeka Požega Srijem Varaždin Virovitica Zagreb

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Temes County.