The Amazing World of Gumball (season 2)
The Amazing World of Gumball (season 2) | |
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Country of origin |
United Kingdom United States |
No. of episodes | 40 |
Release | |
Original network | Cartoon Network |
Original release | August 7, 2012 – December 3, 2013 |
Season chronology | |
The second season of the British-American animated television series The Amazing World of Gumball, created by Ben Bocquelet, originally aired on Cartoon Network in the United States. The season debuted on August 7, 2012 and ended on December 3, 2013. This season consists of 40 episodes. The season focuses on the misadventures of Gumball Watterson, a blue 12-year-old cat, along with his adopted brother, Darwin, a goldfish. Together, they cause mischief among their family, as well as with the wide array of students at Elmore Junior High.
Development
Concept
The season focuses on the misadventures of Gumball Watterson, a blue 12-year-old cat, along with his adopted brother, Darwin, a goldfish. Together, they cause mischief among their family, as well as with the wide array of students at Elmore Junior High, where they attend middle school. In a behind-the-scenes video documenting the production of this season, creator Ben Bocquelet expanded on the development of some of the characters, and how they are based on interactions from his childhood.[1]
Production
Before the series premiered on Cartoon Network, a second season was announced in March 2011, consisting of 40 11-minute episodes.[2] Production for the season started in June of the same year.[2] Executive producer and vice president of Cartoon Network Development Studio Europe, Daniel Lennard stated his enthusiasm in the series as "one of the most exciting animation shows to launch in recent years. Commissioning a second series before the first show has aired shows our absolute commitment and belief in the series and we're hoping audiences the world over will embrace this show as much as we have."[2]
An episode entitled "The Rex", that was going to reveal Mr. Rex's (Tina Rex's father) full appearance, was written for this season but never produced for fiscal reasons.[3] The episode's script was later (apparently) rewritten for show's fourth season's episode "The Routine", although some fans recommended Bocquelet make the episode as part of the next season.[4]
The season marks a visual change from the prior season; Bocquelet states that he and his production staff had to adapt the art style from the first season in order for more complex animations to work within the 2D and 3D environments.[5] In a subsequent interview with World Screen, he retrospectively described the workflow of the season which proved just as difficult as the first for him and his team; he jokingly stated that he and his staff "went into the second series thinking that we were seasoned animation warriors. The second series proved to be quite hard."[6]
Reception and release
Ratings
The season premiered with the episode "The Remote". The episode was watched by 1.805 million viewers,[7] marking a decrease from the first season premiere, which had been viewed by 2.120 million viewers for its premiere.[8] The episode with the highest reported viewers for the season was the medial episode, "The Virus", which was watched by 2.570 million viewers.[9]
Reviews and accolades
Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly gave the season premiere "The Remote" a favorable review. In his article, he praised the visuals, namely "the sophisticated composition of the characters and the show's mastery of pop fun [appealing] to older viewers as well [as young viewers]."[10]
Episodes
No. overall | No. in season | Title | Written by | Original air date [11] | Prod. code [12] | U.S. viewers (millions) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
37 | 1 | "The Remote" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Mic Graves | August 7, 2012 | GB202 | 1.81[7] |
The family fights for control of the television remote when they realize everything each of them wants to watch comes on at the same time. | ||||||
38 | 2 | "The Colossus" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Mic Graves | August 14, 2012 | GB208 | 1.59[13] |
When Gumball and Darwin upset Hector, Elmore's resident giant, they must stop him from going on a rampage across the city. | ||||||
39 | 3 | "The Knights" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Mic Graves | August 21, 2012 | GB201 | N/A |
Gumball and Tobias compete for Penny's affection by putting on a mock medieval duel while Penny's father wants both Gumball and Tobias to stay away from his daughter. | ||||||
40 | 4 | "The Fridge" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Mic Graves | September 4, 2012 | GB203 | 2.00[14] |
Nicole discovers Gumball has no ambition, so she decides to push him into being a winner. | ||||||
41 | 5 | "The Flower" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Mic Graves | September 11, 2012 | GB207 | 1.99[15] |
When Gumball sees Leslie with Penny, he is overcome with uncontrollable jealousy. | ||||||
42 | 6 | "The Banana" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | September 11, 2012 | GB209 | 1.99[15] |
Darwin lends his pen to Banana Joe, but when it comes back chewed, Gumball's thoughts turn to revenge. | ||||||
43 | 7 | "The Phone" | Ben Bocquelet, Chris Garbutt, and Mic Graves | September 18, 2012 | GB204 | 1.83[16] |
When Gumball and Darwin get their first cellphone, they foolishly give out their number to their "intense" classmate Ocho. When Darwin gets addicted to the phone, Gumball takes the phone and accidentally sends the wrong message to Ocho, getting the two into a fight. | ||||||
44 | 8 | "The Job" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Mic Graves | September 18, 2012 | GB206 | 1.83[16] |
Richard gets a job as a pizza delivery man, which worries Nicole when, at the same time, strange things begin to occur around the neighborhood. When it becomes apparent that Richard has disrupted the balance of the universe by getting a job, his family desperately tries to get him fired. | ||||||
45 | 9 | "Halloween" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | October 23, 2012 | GB205 | 1.71[17] |
Carrie takes the Watterson siblings to a real haunted house party on Halloween. | ||||||
46 | 10 | "The Treasure" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Mic Graves | October 25, 2012 | GB211 | 1.95[17] |
Gumball, Darwin and Anais uncover a secret that they think will lead them to the Wattersons' hidden family treasure. | ||||||
47 | 11 | "The Apology" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | November 6, 2012 | GB215 | 2.12[18] |
Gumball and Darwin are owed apologies by Miss Simian, but she stubbornly refuses to give them and goes to great lengths to prove that they are misbehaved. | ||||||
48 | 12 | "The Words" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | November 13, 2012 | GB214 | 1.83[19] |
Darwin is too polite to speak his mind, so Gumball teaches him to be more direct. | ||||||
49 | 13 | "The Skull" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Mic Graves | November 20, 2012 | GB212 | 1.86[20] |
Clayton accidentally causes destruction in the men's locker room with Gumball and Darwin and lies about what happened to cover up for their deed. However, Gumball and Darwin soon begin to feel his influence. | ||||||
50 | 14 | "The Bet" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | November 27, 2012 | GB220 | 1.62[21] |
When Bobert becomes Gumball's servant for a day, Gumball uses the fact that robots obey every single command to his advantage. | ||||||
51 | 15 | "Christmas" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | December 4, 2012 | GB217 | 1.70[22] |
A homeless man (voiced by Brian Blessed), believed to be Santa Claus, gets run over by the Wattersons during a visit to Elmore, so it is up to them to save Christmas. | ||||||
52 | 16 | "The Watch" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | January 22, 2013 | GB219 | 1.75[23] |
Gumball and Darwin are forced to retrieve an old family watch from an elderly neighbor, Marvin Finklehimer. | ||||||
53 | 17 | "The Bumpkin" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Mic Graves | January 29, 2013 | GB222 | 1.84[24] |
Envious of his rustic lifestyle, Gumball invites Idaho over to teach the Wattersons how to live outside. | ||||||
54 | 18 | "The Flakers" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | February 5, 2013 | GB218 | 1.65[25] |
When Gumball is left by Darwin to get beaten up by Tina, Gumball decides to return the favor. | ||||||
55 | 19 | "The Authority" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Mic Graves | February 12, 2013 | GB223 | 1.78[26] |
After Richard is hospitalized from an accident, Granny JoJo becomes overprotective of the family, much to Nicole's disapproval. But the root of Richard's stupidity is revealed. | ||||||
56 | 20 | "The Virus" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | June 5, 2013 | GB216 | 2.57[9] |
An evil virus seeks vengeance on Gumball, Darwin, and Teri after they wipe out his army of bacteria. | ||||||
57 | 21 | "The Pony" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Mic Graves, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | June 12, 2013 | GB225 | 1.95[27] |
Gumball and Darwin rent a film to watch with Anais, but they keep running into distractions on their way home. | ||||||
58 | 22 | "The Hero" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Mic Graves | June 19, 2013 | GB210 | 1.37[28] |
Richard gets upset when he realizes his sons think of him as a laughing stock. | ||||||
59 | 23 | "The Dream" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | June 26, 2013 | GB226 | 1.59[29] |
Gumball holds a grudge against Darwin after seeing him kiss Penny in a dream. | ||||||
60 | 24 | "The Sidekick" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | July 3, 2013 | GB229 | 1.76[30] |
Gumball and Darwin's attempts to get a game back from Tobias are hampered when Darwin begins to feel like a mere sidekick to Gumball. | ||||||
61 | 25 | "The Photo" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | July 17, 2013 | GB228 | 1.20[31] |
Gumball tries to look good in the school photo. | ||||||
62 | 26 | "The Tag" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | July 24, 2013 | GB230 | 1.42[32] |
Gumball and Darwin get caught in the middle of a trash can feud between Richard and Mr. Robinson. | ||||||
63 | 27 | "The Storm" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | July 31, 2013 | GB221 | 1.57[33] |
A plot to improve Alan and Carmen's relationship backfires, and Gumball has to reunite them. | ||||||
64 | 28 | "The Lesson" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | August 7, 2013 | GB227 | 1.42[34] |
Gumball and Darwin cheat on their math test, which results in them getting detention for spring break. | ||||||
65 | 29 | "The Game" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | August 21, 2013 | GB231 | 1.57[35] |
In a parody of Jumanji, the Wattersons must survive a game of Dodj or Daar to the end. | ||||||
66 | 30 | "The Limit" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, Chris Garbutt, and James Lamont | August 28, 2013 | GB213 | 1.41[36] |
Nicole turns into a raging monster at the supermarket after being repeatedly pestered by her family to buy candy. | ||||||
67 | 31 | "The Voice" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | September 10, 2013 | GB224 | 1.96[37] |
When Gumball and Darwin receive a threatening e-mail, everyone is a suspect—including themselves. | ||||||
68 | 32 | "The Promise" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | September 17, 2013 | GB232 | 1.46[38] |
Darwin wants to delay a promise to play video games with Gumball in order to ease tensions with Banana Joe. | ||||||
69 | 33 | "The Castle" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | October 1, 2013 | GB235 | 1.65[39] |
Richard takes charge of the house in Nicole's absence, but his lack of rules soon attracts unwelcome guests. | ||||||
70 | 34 | "The Boombox" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | October 8, 2013 | GB234 | 1.46[40] |
Gumball and Darwin try to understand Juke's urgent beatbox message. | ||||||
71 | 35 | "The Tape" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | October 15, 2013 | GB238 | 1.44[41] |
Gumball and Darwin film a series of skits with their video camera. | ||||||
72 | 36 | "The Sweaters" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, and James Lamont | November 5, 2013 | GB237 | 1.58[42] |
To their uninterest, Gumball and Darwin's reputations are challenged by two human students from a neighboring high school, Richwood High. | ||||||
73 | 37 | "The Internet" | Yann Benedi, Ben Bocquelet, Guillaume Cassuto, and Antoine Perez | November 12, 2013 | GB239 | 1.50[43] |
Gumball accidentally uploads a video of himself to Elmore Stream which goes viral, and he is forced to personally confront the Internet to have it taken down. | ||||||
74 | 38 | "The Plan" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | November 19, 2013 | GB240 | 1.53[44] |
Thinking that their mother is being courted by a man named "Daniel Lennard", the Watterson siblings come up with a plan to save her. | ||||||
75 | 39 | "The World" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | November 26, 2013 | GB236 | 1.88[45] |
The lives of the "inanimate" objects of Elmore are shown in a series of short skits. | ||||||
76 | 40 | "The Finale" | Ben Bocquelet, Jon Brittain, Tom Crowley, Jon Foster, James Lamont, and Tobi Wilson | December 3, 2013 | GB233 | 1.63[46] |
The Wattersons discover that their past actions have consequences. |
DVD releases
Region | Set title | Season(s) | Aspect ratio | Episode count | Time length | Release date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | The Amazing World of Gumball: Volume 4[47] | 2 | 16:9 | 12 | 144 minutes | November 4, 2014 |
References
- ↑ Behind the Scenes of Season 2. London: Cartoon Network. July 16, 2012.
- 1 2 3 Grice, Morgan (March 17, 2011). "Turner Greenlights 'Gumballs Second Season". World Screen. London. Retrieved November 16, 2013. (Subscription required.)
- ↑ https://twitter.com/benbocquelet/status/397840050152804352
- ↑ https://twitter.com/CohenIln/status/482341924888526848
- ↑ Cartoon Network 2012, 5:44–6:34.
- ↑ Daswani, Mansha (October 2013). "Ben Bocquelet & 'The Amazing World of Gumball'". TV Kids. Mipcom: 370–71. (Subscription required.)
- 1 2 "Tuesday's Cable Ratings: 'Storage Wars' Claims Top Honors for A&E". The Futon Critic. August 8, 2012. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
- ↑ "Tuesday's Cable Ratings: TNT Rides NBA Doubleheader". The Futon Critic. May 4, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
- 1 2 Kondolojy, Amanda (June 6, 2013). "Wednesday Cable Ratings: NHL Hockey Wins Night + 'CMT Music Awards', 'The Real World', 'South Beach Tow' & More". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
- ↑ Tucker, Ken (15 August 2012). "'The Amazing World of Gumball' season premiere review: Wildly imaginative, with tantrums and giggles". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc.
- ↑ "The Amazing World of Gumball Season 2 episodes". TV Guide. Archived from the original on December 8, 2013. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
- ↑ References for season 2 production codes:
- Benedi, Yann (November 2012). "The Amazing World of Gumball" (Mouse over individual images for production codes.). Blogger. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
- Chabassol, Raphaël (March 27, 2013). "Animation Design" (Production codes are located in the "episode" field of each character model sheet.). Casamokë. Blogger. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
- Laborie, William (January 8, 2013). "[no title available]" (Production codes are located in the "episode" field of each character model sheet.). Johnny Boulgour. Blogger. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
- Nicholson, Paul (animator, editor) (July 7, 2014). 'The Amazing World Of Gumball' 2D Key Animation Showreel (short film). Vimeo. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
- Petrov, Dimitar (animator, editor) (January 24, 2013). LayoutsAndBackgroundsPortfolio2013 (short film). Vimeo. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
- Thorn, Tina Lykke (animator, editor) (February 26, 2013). Showreel 2013 (short film). Vimeo. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
- von Brockdorff, Birk (May 6, 2013). "The Amazing World of Gumball Season 2" (Mouse over individual images for production codes.). Blogger. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
- ↑ Broadcast TV Ratings: Cartoon Network (August 13–19, 2012) (Report). Nielsen Media Research. August 26, 2012.
- ↑ Broadcast TV Ratings: Cartoon Network (September 3–9, 2012) (Report). Nielsen Media Research. September 16, 2012.
- 1 2 Broadcast TV Ratings: Cartoon Network (September 10–16, 2012) (Report). Nielsen Media Research. September 23, 2012.
- 1 2 Broadcast TV Ratings: Cartoon Network (September 17–23, 2012) (Report). Nielsen Media Research. September 30, 2012.
- 1 2 Pucci, Douglas (November 10, 2012). "Cartoon Network ratings (October 22–28, 2012)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (November 15, 2012). "Cartoon Network ratings (November 5–11, 2012)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (November 24, 2012). "Cartoon Network ratings (November 12–18, 2012)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (December 1, 2012). "Cartoon Network ratings (November 19–25, 2012)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (December 6, 2012). "Cartoon Network ratings (November 26–December 2, 2012)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (December 13, 2012). "Cartoon Network ratings (December 3–9, 2012)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (January 30, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (January 21–27, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (February 8, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (January 28–February 3, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (February 13, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (February 4–10, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (February 22, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (February 11–17, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (June 21, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (June 10–16, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (June 28, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (June 17–23, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (July 5, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (June 24–30, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (July 13, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (July 1–7, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (July 27, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (July 15–21, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (August 3, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (July 22–28, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (August 10, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (July 29–August 4, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (August 17, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (August 5–11, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (August 31, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (August 19–25, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (September 7, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (August 26–September 1, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (September 21, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (September 9–15, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (September 28, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (September 16–22, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (October 12, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (September 30–October 6, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (October 19, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (October 7–13, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (October 26, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (October 14–20, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (November 16, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (November 4–10, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (November 23, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (November 11–17, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved November 24, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (November 30, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (November 18–24, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (December 7, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (November 25–December 1, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
- ↑ Pucci, Douglas (December 14, 2013). "Cartoon Network ratings (December 2–8, 2013)". Son of the Bronx. Blogger. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
- ↑ "The Amazing World of Gumball: Volume 4 (12 episodes)". Warner Archive Collection. Retrieved November 5, 2014.