Timeline of cancer treatment development

This is a historical timeline of the development and progress of cancer treatments, which includes time of discovery, progress, and approval of the treatments.

Ancient Era

Cancer was traditionally treated with surgery and herbal therapies throughout history.

• 1,500 BC  – Ancient Egyptians detail cauterization of breast tumors for treatment of the disease.^[1]
• 2 AD  – Ancient Greeks describe surgical treatment of cancer.^[2][3]

Modern Era

1800s

• 1820s  – British Dr. James Arnott, "the father of modern cryosurgery", starts to use cryotherapy to freeze tumors in the treatment of breast and uterine cancers^[4]
• 1866  – French Dr. Victor Despeignes, "the father of radiation therapy", starts to use Xrays to treat cancer^[5]
• 1880s  – American Dr. Halsted develops radical mastectomy for breast cancer^[3]
• 1890s  – German Dr. Westermark used localized hyperthermia to produce tumor regression in patients
• 1891  – American Dr. William B. Coley, "the father of immunotherapy", starts to treat cancer patients by injecting them with streptococcal organisms, containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs^[6][7]
• 1896  – American Dr. Grubbe starts to treat breast cancer patients with X-rays^[3]

1900s

• 1900  – Swedish Dr. Stenbeck, cures a skin cancer with small doses of radiation^[3]
• 1920s  – Dr. William B. Coley's immunotherapy treatment, regressed tumors in hundreds of cases, the success of Coley's Toxins attracted heavy resistance from his rival and boss, Dr. Ewing, who was a fanatical supporter of radiation therapy for cancer. This rivalry and opposition to Dr. Coley leads to the disuse of immunotherapy for cancer, in favor of Dr. Ewing's preferred radiation therapy^[8]
• 1939  – American Dr. Charles Huggins uses synthetic hormone therapy to treat prostate cancer^[9]
• 1942  – First chemotherapy drug mustine used to treat cancer^[10]
• 1947  – American Dr. Farber induces brief remission in a patient with leukaemia with the antifolate drug aminopterin (methotrexate)^[3]
• 1949  – US FDA approves nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine) for treatment of cancer^[11]
• 1949  – Oncolytic viruses began human clinical trials^[12][13]
• 1951  – Dr. Jane C. Wright demonstrated the use of the antifolate, methotrexate in solid tumors, showing remission in breast cancer^[3]
• 1950s  – Anthracycline, anti-cancer alkoloid, isolated from the Streptomyces peucetius bacteria. Anthracycline-based derivatives include: daunorubicin, doxorubicin, amrubicin, idarubicin^[14]
• 1953  – US FDA approves Mercaptopurine (6 MP), an immunosuppressive agent^[15]
• 1956  – Metastatic choriocarcinoma cancer is cured with the antifolate, methotrexate^[3]
• 1957  – Introduction of fluorouracil to treat colorectal, breast, stomach, and pancreatic cancers^[9]
• 1957  – Introduction of interferon to treat kidney, skin, and bladder cancer^[9]
• 1958  – Combination therapy consisting of 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate results in a cure of leukaemia in a trial run in US hospitals^[3][11]
• 1958  – US FDA approves cyclophosphamide for chemotherapy of cancer^[16]
• 1960s  – Introduction of laser therapy in treatment of cancer^[17]
• 1960  – Invention of tamoxifen breast cancer anti-estrogen (SERM) hormonal therapy drug
• 1961  – Vincristine, anti-cancer alkoloid, isolated from the Madagascar periwinkle plant^[18]
• 1962  – US FDA disapproves Dr. Coley's immunotherapy, making it illegal, continuing the sidelining and suppression of immunotherapy in cancer treatments; radiation therapy remained the dominant treatment for cancer^[8]
• 1963  – US FDA approves vincristine (Oncovin) for chemotherapy of cancer^[18]
• 1964  – VAMP regimen combination therapy, consisting of: vincristine, amethopterin, 6-mercaptopurine, and prednisone, induces long-term remissions in juvenille acute lymphoblastic leukemia^[19]
• 1965  – MOPP regimen combination therapy cures advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma, with the combination of: nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone^[3][9]
• 1965  – MOMP regimen combination therapy, consisting of: methotrexate, vincristine, 6-MP, and prednisone, induces long-term remissions in juvenille acute lymphoblastic leukemia^[9][19]
• 1965  – USSR develops RIGVIR, oncological virotherapy^[20]
• 1966  – Taxol, anti-cancer compound, isolated from the yew plant
• 1967  – Camptothecin, anti-cancer compound, isolated from the Camptotheca acuminata, Chinese Happy tree, which was used as a cancer treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine.^[21] It is the source of chemotherapy drugs: Hycamtin and irinotecan.
• 1968  – Japanese Dr. Tanaka pioneers the treatment of metastatic breast cancer with cryoablation, resulting in prolonged survival^[22][23][24]
• 1972  – UK and other European countries approve tamoxifen for breast cancer
• 1972  – American Dr. Lawrence Einhorn cures metastatic testicular cancer with cisplatin^[9]
• 1975  – Invention of monoclonal antibodies^[3]
• 1975  – American Dr. Einhorn shows combination therapy consisting of cis-platinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin can cure 70 per cent of advanced testicular cancer cases^[19]
• 1975  – C-MOPP regimen combination therapy, consisting of: methotrexate, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone, cured advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma^[19]
• 1977  – US FDA approves tamoxifen for metatstatic breast cancer only, not widely popular as chemotherapy remains first line of treatment^[25][26]
• 1981  – American Dr. Fisher proves lumpectomy is as effective as mastectomy for breast cancer^[3]
• 1989  – US FDA approves Carboplatin, a derivative of cisplatin, for chemotherapy^[9]
• 1990  – USSR begins treating patients with various kinds of cancer with Rigvir virotherapy
• 1990  – US FDA approves tamoxifen for major additional use to help prevent the recurrence of cancer in "node-negative" patients^[27]
• 1990  – China begins treating various cancers with photodynamic therapy^[28]
• 1991  – First gene therapy treatment of cancer (melanoma)
• 1992  – Invention of tyrosine-kinase inhibitor Imatinib^[29]
• 1992  – Invention of Etacstil breast cancer anti-estrogen (SERM/SERD) hormonal therapy drug that overcomes hormone-therapy resistance^[30][31]
• 1996  – US FDA approves antiestrogen, aromatase inhibitor Anastrozole for advanced breast cancer^[11]
• 1996  – Russia begins treating various cancers with photodynamic therapy^[32]
• 1997  – First monoclonal antibody, Rituximab, is licensed^[3]
• 1997  – China starts treating uterine fibroids, liver cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, bone tumors, and renal cancer with ultrasound imaging-guided High-intensity focused ultrasound^[33]
• 1998  – China starts treating breast, kidney, lung, liver, prostate and bone cancer with imaging-guided cryoablation^[34][35]
• 1998  – US FDA approves herceptin, a monoclonal antibody for HER2 metastatic breast cancer^[9]
• 1998  – US FDA approves cryoablation for the treatment of prostate cancer^[27]
• 1998  – US FDA approves Camptothecin-analogue irinotecan for chemotherapy of cancer^[36]
• 1998  – US FDA approves tamoxifen to reduce breast cancer risk in high-risk patients^[9]
• 1998  – US FDA approves monoclonal antibody, Trastuzumab for advanced HER-2 breast cancer^[11]
• 1998  – Europe approves imaging-guided High-intensity focused ultrasound for treatment of cancer^[37]

2000s

• 2001  – UK NICE approves taxol for chemotherapy of breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancers^[38]
• 2002  – US FDA approves imatinib^[9]
• 2002  – Chinese FDA approves Gendicine, gene therapy for cancer^[9][39]
• 2002  – Corporate takeover of Dupont by BMS resulted in abandoning Etacstil breast cancer anti-estrogen (SERM/SERD) hormonal therapy drug that overcomes hormone-therapy resistance^[31][40]
• 2003  – American Dr. Peter Littrup starts to treat early and metastatic breast cancer with cryoablation^[24]
• 2004  – bevacizumab, the first approved drug to inhibit blood vessel formation by tumours, is licensed^[3]
• 2005  – US FDA approves taxol for chemotherapy of breast, pancreatic, and non-small cell lung cancers^[41]
• 2006  – US FDA approves herceptin^[9]
• 2007  – US FDA approves sorafenib^[9]
• 2007  – US FDA approves camptothecin-analogue topotecan for chemotherapy of cancer^[41]
• 2010  – US FDA approves immunotherapy, sipuleucel-T dendritic cell vaccine for advanced prostate cancer^[11]
• 2010  – China advances cryoimmunotherapy to treat breast, kidney, lung, liver, prostate and bone cancer^[42][43][44]
• 2011  – US FDA approves monoclonal antibody, Ipilimumab for advanced melanoma^[11]
• 2011  – Cuba develops and releases CimaVax-EGF, the first therapeutic cancer vaccine for lung cancer^[45]
• 2012  – Cuba develops and releases monoclonal antibody, Racotumomab, the therapeutic cancer vaccine for lung cancer^[46]
• 2013  – New Obamacare regulations force medical practitioners to cease advanced cancer treatments, such as Dr. Peter Littrup cryotherapy of breast cancer practice^[47]
• 2015  – US FDA approves anti-CDK4/6, Palbociclib for advanced breast cancer^[11]
• 2015  – US FDA approves imaging-guided High-intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer^[48]

See also

• Treatment of cancer
• History of cancer chemotherapy

References

External links

• The Rise And Fall Of Modern Medicine
• The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs
• Chemotherapy
• Treatment of Solid Tumor Cancers with the Chemotherapy Drug Methotrexate