ICU scoring systems

There are several scoring systems in intensive care units (ICUs) today.

Adult scoring systems

APACHE II was designed to provide a morbidity score for a patient. It is useful to decide what kind of treatment or medicine is given. Methods exist to derive a predicted mortality from this score, but these methods are not too well defined and rather imprecise.
- APACHE III is an updated version.
SAPS II was designed to provide a predicted mortality, that does not reflect the expected mortality for a particular patient, but is good for benchmarking. In a rather simple way, it makes it possible to provide a single number that describes the morbidity of a number of patients.
SAPS III was designed to provide a realistic predicted mortality for a particular patient or a particular group of patients. It does this by calibrating against known mortalities on an existing set of patients, for a specific definition of mortality (like 30-days mortality). This way, it can answer questions like "Did we improve our quality of care from 2004 to 2005?" or "If hospital A's patients had been treated at hospital B, would they have a better or a worse mortality?".

PIM2 delivers a predicted mortality value, intended to be used for benchmarking.,

SOFA was designed to provide a simple daily score, that indicates how the status of the patient evolves over time.
Glasgow Coma Scale (also named GCS) is designed to provide the status for the central nervous system. It is often used as part of other scoring systems.
CMM - Cancer Mortality Model^[1]
- specific score to predict outcome of critical cancer patients
MPM - Mortality Probability Model^[1]^[2]
- model to assess risk of death at ICU admission
- has prediction models for assessment at admittance, 24h, 48h and 72h after
RIFLE - Risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage kidney classification ^[2]
- has 3 severity levels (risk, injury and failure) and 2 possible outcomes (loss and end-stage)
CP - Child–Pugh^[2]
- for patient with liver failure.
- used also outside of the ICU.
Ranson score ^[2]
- simple score used specifically for patients with pancreatitis
MODS Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score ^[2]
- with similar objectives as SOFA Score
LODS Logistic Organ Dysfunction System ^[2]
- developed for evaluation at admittance and not as a monitoring tool

General terms

Conditions

Organ system failure	Shock sequence SIRS Sepsis Severe sepsis Septic shock Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Other shock Cardiogenic shock Distributive shock Anaphylaxis Obstructive shock Neurogenic shock Spinal shock Organ failure Acute renal failure Acute respiratory distress syndrome Acute liver failure Respiratory failure Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Neonatal infection Polytrauma Coma

Complications	Critical illness polyneuropathy / myopathy Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency Decubitus ulcers Fungemia Stress hyperglycemia Stress ulcer

Iatrogenesis	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Oxygen toxicity Refeeding syndrome Ventilator-associated lung injury Ventilator-associated pneumonia Dialytrauma

Diagnosis

Drugs

Physiology

Organisations

Related specialties

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