Truth Commission (Panama)

The Truth Commission of Panama was appointed by President Mireya Moscoso in 2000 to investigate crimes committed under the military rule of Omar Torrijos and Manuel Noriega.

In December 2000, human remains were discovered at a Panamanian National Guard base, incorrectly believed to be those of Jesús Héctor Gallego Herrera, a priest murdered during the Torrijos dictatorship. Moscoso appointed a truth commission to investigate the site and those at other bases.[1] The commission faced opposition from the Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), which had been the party of both Torrijos and Noriega. The PRD-controlled National Assembly slashed the commission's funding, and PRD president Balbina Herrera threatened to seek legal action against the president for its creation. The commission ultimately reported on 110 of the 148 cases it examined, of which 40 had disappeared and 70 were known to be murdered. The report concluded that the Noriega government had engaged in "torture [and] cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment", and recommended further exhumation and investigation.[2]

Background History

It all began in October 1968 when General Omar Torrijos took power after overthrowing President Arnulfo Arias Madrid. Torrijos regime was characterized as human rights abuses and corruption as a way to counter guerrilla movements backing the former president.[3] In 1981, Torrijos is killed in a plane crash and his defense force leader General Manuel Noriega takes power and continues to dictates Panama. During this period the United States still control the Canal Zone and have immense influence in various areas of the country (like economic influence). Six years into Noriega’s rule, the United States decides to cut their economic assistance to Panama.[3]

In 1989, Noriega influenced the election a great deal since most Panamanians wanted to rid the country of military rule. This led to riots and instability, which caused the United States to send in troops. The US responded quickly to these riots and were able to use military force to crush the riots and rebellions. This was due to US-Panamanian treaties involving the Canal Zone. The result of US military involvement led to the arrest of Noriega. He was sentenced for forty-years on charged for drug trafficking. Finally in 2001, President Mireya Moscoso - widow to former President Arnulfo Arias Madrid - established the truth commission after the discovery of bones at several military bases.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Harding 2006, p. 131.
  2. ↑ "Truth Commission Delivers Its Final Report on Victims of the 1968-1988 Military Regime". NotiCen  – via HighBeam Research (subscription required) . May 2, 2002. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 "Truth Commission: Panama". United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved 2016-03-09.

Bibliography

  • Robert C. Harding (2006). The History of Panama. Greenwood Press. ISBN 031333322X. 


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