Vickers Type 432

Type 432

A view of the sole prototype (note the 'P' on the fuselage) of the Vickers Type 432 in the air.
Role	high altitude fighter
National origin	United Kingdom
Manufacturer	Vickers-Armstrong
First flight	24 December 1942
Number built	1

The Vickers Type 432 was a British high-altitude fighter aircraft developed by the Vickers group during the Second World War. Intended to enable the Royal Air Force to engage the enemy’s high-altitude bomber aircraft, it was to be armed with six cannons.

Design and development

The origins of the Type 432 lay with a requirements set out in 1939 for twin-engined fighters with 20 or possibly 40 mm cannon. Vickers had set out a proposal for a Griffon-engined aircraft, equipped with a 40 mm cannon in a flexible mounting. This was subsequently encouraged by the Air Ministry. Further development was carried out for a design that could also meet F.6/39 for a fixed gun fighter with 20mm cannon. Specification F.22/39 was drawn up to cover the 40mm project as the Vickers 414 to meet Operational Requirement (OR) 76.^[1]^[2] This was subsequently revised with aircraft redesigns to become specifications F.16/40 and then F.7/41^[2] for OR. 108.

In appearance it resembled a larger version of the de Havilland Mosquito and was known as the "Tin Mosquito". The pilot had a pressurised cockpit in the nose, with a bubble dome, similar to an enlarged astrodome. The pressurised cockpit took up the nose section so the cannon would have been fitted in a fairing below the fuselage, to the rear of the aircraft.

The aircraft's elliptical wing was built using a unique stressed-skin structure, designed by Barnes Wallis for lightness. The top and bottom were manufactured separately, and then clamped together at the leading and trailing edges, this being named "peapod" or "lobster-claw" structure.^[3] This allowed a large internal space unobstructed by ribs, hence capable of housing large fuel tanks (similar to Wallis's geodetic designs).

Operational history

The first prototype Type 432 was flown on 24 December 1942.^[4] Initial trials revealed serious handling difficulties on the ground, the aircraft snaking while taxiing, necessitating aft movement of the mainwheels to correct the bad tracking. In flight tests, the Type 432 was unable to be landed in a standard "three-point" stance resulting in the replacement of the Irving-type ailerons with new Westland types along with an alteration of tail settings. The estimated maximum speed of 435 mph (700 km/h) at 28,000 ft (8,535 m) was never attained as the Merlin 61 engines did not run satisfactorily above 23,000 ft (7,010 m).

When the competing Westland Welkin was ordered into production, the second prototype of the Vickers fighter, the Type 446, was cancelled before completion on 1 May 1943. The first prototype was retained by Vickers for test purposes until the end of 1944, when the aircraft was scrapped after completing only 28 flights.

Specifications

Data from British Secret Projects Fighters and Bombers 1935-1950

General characteristics

Crew: one pilot
Length: 39 ft 3 in (12 m)
Wingspan: 56 ft 10.5 in (17.34 m)
Height: 4.19 m (13 ft 9 in)
Wing area: 450 ft² (41.8 m²)
Empty weight: 7,427 kg (16,373 lb)
Max. takeoff weight: 9,150 kg (20,168 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Merlin 61 inline piston engines, 1,520 hp (1,133 kW) each

Performance

Maximum speed: 380 mph (612 km/h) at 15,000 ft (4,600 m)
Range: 1,500 miles (2,415 km)
Service ceiling: 38,000 ft (11,280 m)
Rate of climb: 2,750 ft/min (14 m/s) initial
Wing loading: 223 kg/m² (46 lb/ft²)
Power/mass: 0.25 kW/kg (0.15 hp/lb)

Armament

Guns: 6 × 20 mm Hispano cannon in a ventral gondola

References

Notes

↑ Buttler 2004, p. ?.
1 2 Green and Swanborough 1981, p. 43.
↑ Iain Murray (2009). Bouncing-Bomb Man. Haynes. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-84425-588-7.
↑ Green and Swanborough 1981, p. 44.

Bibliography

Buttler, Tony. Secret Projects: British Fighters and Bombers 1935 -1950 (British Secret Projects 3). Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1-85780-179-2.
Green, William and Gordon Swanborough RAF Fighters, Part 3 (WW2 Aircraft Fact Files). London: Jane's Publishing Company, 1981. ISBN 0-7106-0119-0.
Gunston, Bill. Back to the Drawing Board: Aircraft That Flew, but Never Took Off. London: Zenith Imprint, 1996. ISBN 0-7603-0316-9.
Swanborough, Gordon. British Aircraft at War, 1939-1945. East Sussex, UK: HPC Publishing, 1997. ISBN 0-9531421-0-8.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vickers Type 432.

British Aircraft Directory entry for Vickers Type 432

Vickers and Vickers-Armstrongs aircraft

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