Wheatbelt railway lines of Western Australia

A WAGR E class steam locomotive hauling the first train of bulk wheat in Western Australia, 1931.

The wheatbelt railway lines of Western Australia are a network of railway lines in Western Australia that have primarily served the Wheatbelt region. Maps of the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) system in the 1930s show that in the main wheatbelt region, any railway line was within 30 miles of the harvest location, facilitating ease of access to rail transport.

In the current railway management systems, many of the operating lines are primarily for the haulage of grain.^[1]

1900s

In 1905 the report of the Royal Commission into Immigration in Western Australia^[2][3] stated:

All considerable areas of agricultural land must have a 15 mile rail service

In 1947, the Royal Commission into Railway management^[4] stated of the 1905 and after era of construction:

... to construct railways in agricultural areas as cheaply as possible, lines were built with 45 lb. rail sections which practically followed the surface of the ground with (a) earth ballasting (b) half-round timber sleepers (c) providing the bare minimum station facilities only

1930s

WAGR wheatbelt network in 1935. A significant number of lines shown in this map are no longer operating.

Transport of wheat on the WAGR system was identified by station/siding early in annual reports, as a commodity of importance to the railways.^[5]

Early transport of grain was organised through the railways and growers with the Cooperative Wheat Pool of Western Australia as a main player.

The feasibility of bulk handling and storage, and the relationship with the railway networks then in place, was a concern of Westralian Farmers in the 1930s,^[6] as well as that of the Western Australian government of the time.^[7]

In 1932, five sidings in the Western Australian Government Railway System were the first locations of bulk handling of wheat by rail:^[8]

• Benjaberring
• Korrelocking
• Nembudding
• Trayning
• Yelbeni

From the time of creation of specific railway branches or sections, most railway lines in the era of the WAGR carried mixed services of freight, and passenger services. Following the decline of passenger services in the 1950s, many branch lines ceased to have specific passenger services and the WAGR road bus services replaced rail passenger facilities.

In the decade of the creation of the brand Westrail,^[9][10] many branch lines had sidings removed, and had ceased to operate as mixed freight lines. They became in many cases oriented to single commodity lines - such as timber, woodchip, iron ore, or grain haulage became the main orientation of many of the branch lines in the narrow gauge network.

Current network

Narrow gauge CBH grain wagons at Calingiri, 2014

The current wheatbelt railway lines are linked to the extensive network of CBH grain receival points that are serviced by CBH Group^[11] as part of the co-operative bulk handling business.^[12]

CBH has invested in its own grain haulage rolling stock and locomotives. In 2012 it took delivery of the CBH class locomotives.

Tiers

The Western Australian Minister for Transport, Simon O'Brien, created the Freight and Logistics Council of WA in 2009,^[13] composed of individuals involved in transport industries in Western Australia.^[14] The Minister commissioned Strategic design + Development Pty Ltd, under the guidance of the Strategic Grain Network Committee (also appointed by the Minister), to conduct a study into the rail network serving the wheatbelt. A report was delivered in December 2009.^[15] In the 2009 report, and the state government's response to it, the rail network has been identified as having "tiers" - the Tier 1 and Tier 2 grain haulage railway lines have been deemed to be essential to the operations of the grain freight network.^[16] The position taken by the government recommended the closing of the Tier 3 railway lines^[17] and developing the "Brookton Strategy", which involves CBH Group investing in rapid grain loading facilities at Brookton and Merredin.^[18]

The Tier network is identified on the maps as the railway lines (Tier 2 and 3 as extensions beyond the main Tier 1 network) as following:

Eastern Railway sections

• Kwinana to Avon (Northam) (Tier 2 extends to Miling, and McLevie)
• Northam to Merredin (Tier 3 Merredin to Kondinin)
• Northam to Kalannie (Tier 2 extends to Beacon)
• Northam to Koorda (Tier 2 extends to Muckinbudin)
• Merredin to Southern Cross

Northern Railway sections

• Kwinana to Geraldton (via Moora and Mingenew)
• Geraldton to Mullewa
• Mullewa to Perenjori (Tier 2 extends to Latham)

Southern Railway sections

• Northam to Wagin (Tier 3 to Quairading) (Tier 3 from Narrogin to Merredin) (Tier 3 from Narrogin to Kulin)
• Wagin to Lake Grace
• Lake Grace to Hyden
• Lake Grace to Newdegate
• Wagin to Albany (Tier 3 Katanning to Nyabing) (Tier 3 to Gnowangerup)

Closures

The government has decided to close the Tier 3 lines and upgrade local and state roads instead.^[19]

Considerable concern has been raised as to the closure proposals of the Tier 3 lines,^[20] and the expected consequent increase in road traffic.^[21]

The Wheatbelt Railway Retention Alliance^[22] and the Save Grain on Rail website continue to state the case for retention of the network.^[23]

In October 2012, the WA Treasurer Troy Buswell announced a delay in closure of the Tier 3 railway lines, and a move of the onus for upgrading onto the operators, and not for the government to fund or maintain.^{[24][25][26][27]}

The January 2013 report by the West Australian Auditor General Colin Murphy was critical of the Public Transport Authority and its management of the rail freight network lease.^[28][29][30]

In early 2013, the Western Australian state election campaign saw increased activity in relation to the issue. The major players in the system the CBH Group,^[31][32] Brookfield Rail,^[33] Western Australian Government, WA Nationals party, ALP,^[34] and Wheatbelt Railway Retention Alliance^[35] have all in various ways either stated their position on the fate of the grain rail network, or not.

The Wheatbelt Railway Retention Alliance^[36] and the The West Australian have reproduced the map of WA's grain rail network, outlining the context of the three tiers of the rail network.^[37]

In September 2013, the Buswell repeated his lack of interest in supporting the Tier 3 network, by responding to an issue on the Quairading line.^[38]

In October 2013 Brookfield Rail announced closure of two of the Tier 3 railway lines (Merredin-Trayning and York-Quairading), with others not decided upon.^[39][40]

The remaining Tier 3 lines were closed in June 2014.^[41]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wheatbelt railways of Western Australia.

See also

• Grain storage structures in Western Australia

Notes