Yakuza (video game)

Yakuza (Japanese: 龍が如く, Hepburn: Ryū ga Gotoku, literally "Like a Dragon") is an action-adventure game developed and published by Sega for the PlayStation 2. Yakuza was released in Japan in 2005, and outside Japan the following year. The story follows a yakuza named Kazuma Kiryu, who, after spending ten years in jail for a crime he did not commit, learns that 10 billion yen has been stolen from the Tojo clan, which the criminal underworld is searching for. He finds an orphaned girl Haruka who is being targeted by the clan, as she is believed to have the key for their lost money, and he resolves to protect her. The game takes place in Kamurocho, which is a realistic recreation of Tokyo's Kabukicho.

Yakuza is an open world action-adventure game with RPG elements: the player gains experience from combat, which can be used to level up Kazuma's stats and increase his fighting capabilities. In order to finance the game's expensive production, Sega contracted a tie-in campaign with famous Japanese companies. A remake of this game, titled Ryū ga Gotoku: Kiwami (Japanese: 龍が如く 極) has been released in Japanese on PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 on January 21, 2016.^[1]

Critical reception to Yakuza has been positive. Although there was some criticism of its clunky mechanics, the game has been well received for its presentation and story. Yakuza was a commercial success, selling over 1,000,000 units, and spawned an entire franchise of games.

Gameplay

Yakuza is a third-person action-adventure video game with Role-playing elements, set in an open world environment. The player gains experience from combat, which can be used to level up Kazuma's stats and increase his fighting capabilities.

Gameplay of Yakuza. In this fight Kazuma is wielding a dagger. The top-left bars show Kazuma's health and Heat while the bottom-right one shows the enemy's health. The bottom left displays a map.

The game is composed of three distinct yet connected modes called Event, Adventure and Battle. The player controls former yakuza Kazuma Kiryu from a third person camera perspective, through a city full of missions and side quests. The main character randomly encounters foes on his path, in Encounter Battles. Winning the battle nets the player some cash, which can be used to purchase equipment or healing items, and experience, which can be used to buff Kazuma's stats.^[2] Sometimes, defeating the leader of an Encounter Battle will end the fight, even if some henchmen remain. Yakuza utilizes quick time events during the fights.

The Battle Mode includes the Underground Arena (地下闘技場) which is located in Kamurocho's Purgatory area. Cutscenes are enabled after completing specific actions or beating a certain character during the Adventure Mode. They also introduce the chapter's objectives. Various minigames are available within 'Adventure Mode' in the form of arcade machines scattered throughout the game world. These include UFO Catcher, batting cage, casino (baccarat, blackjack and roulette), toba and pachislot.

Plot

The game follows the story of Kazuma Kiryu, a yakuza whose life changes when his boss, Sohei Dojima, attempts to violate Kazuma's childhood friend, Yumi.^[3] When the yakuza boss is murdered by Kazuma's best friend, Akira Nishiki, Kazuma accepts blame for the murder, and is imprisoned for 10 years. During his incarceration, Kazuma is expelled from the Tojo clan and his fiance, Yumi, goes missing.^[4] After his release, he learns that ten billion yen has been stolen from the Tojo clan, and the entire Japanese underworld is now searching for the lost wealth.^[5]

Kazuma asks a former boss, Shintaro Kazama, about Yumi's disappearance, but Nishiki shoots Kazama after he reveals that Yumi was connected to the lost money. Kazuma then has to escape from the Tojo, who now regards him as an enemy.^[6] His escape is aided by a detective named Makoto Date who had been investigating Kazuma ever since the death of Dojima, and is now investigating the murder of Chairman Sera from the Tojo clan.^[7]

In his search for Yumi, Kazuma finds an orphan named Haruka who is searching for her mother, and has an aunt named Yumi.^[8] Haruka is also sought by the mafia, who believe that her pendant is the key to the missing ten billion yen.^[9] On the way, Kazuma encounters several enemies, including Futoshi Shimano, who is seeking the position of chairman and the lost money; Goro Majima, Shimano's lieutenant; and Nishiki, who has become corrupted.^[10][11] They are also allied with Terada from the Omi Family and Chinese mafia Snake Flower Triad - all in search of the money.

Kazuma manages to meet Kazama and learns that Haruka is actually Yumi's daughter. As Kazama explains, Yumi suffered amnesia after she was attacked by Dojima and married a man named Kyohei Jingu. Jingu became corrupt and hired a hitman to kill his wife and baby, in order to hide their relationship. Kazama saved Yumi and allied with Sera to protect the Tojo clan from Jingu, who had been using his ten billion yen to control the Tojo.^[12] After learning of the truth, Shimano attempted to kill Haruka and Kazama, but Kazama sacrificed himself to save Haruka.^[13]

Armed with the knowledge of the money's location, Kazuma and Haruka head to Millennium Tower where they meet Yumi, who has recovered her memories.^[14] Their reunion is interrupted by Jingu, who wishes to recover the money in order to control the Omi.^[15] Then, Nishiki arrives to challenge Kazuma and take the money, and plans to use it to control the Tojo. Although Kazuma wins the fight, Jingu shoots Yumi. Then, Nishiki sacrifices his life in such a way that he destroys the money and kills Jingu simultaneously.^[16] Kazuma pulls through for Haruka's sake.^[17] In the aftermath, Kazuma is offered the position of the Fourth Chairman of the Tojo clan as selected by Kazama, but he refuses the position and gives it to Terada.^[18]

Soundtrack

The Ryū ga Gotoku & Ryū ga Gotoku 2 Original Sound Track (HCV-287) dual-disc boxset was published by Wave Master in Japan on January 25, 2007.^[19] The music was composed by Hidenori Shoji, Sachio Ogawa, Keitaro Hanada, Fumio Ito, Yuri Fukuda. The closing theme is John Newton's rendition of Amazing Grace, a classic hymn sung in English by Eri Kawai; additional performers are Makotch (vocals), Yuri (chorus) and Tomica (chorus). The tracklist for Yakuza has 23 titles (details are available below).

Development

The Kamuro Theater, modeled after the Koma Theater, is a main landmark in the game. TV ads are displayed in-game and can be viewed in full screen.

The game was first hinted at in August 2005 as "Project J."^[20] Later that month, details were announced. Producer Toshihiro Nagoshi explained "For a while now, I've wanted to create a powerful, gritty drama where you feel the sense of humanity," Nagoshi explained. "After a lot of thought, this is the product that we've arrived at."^[21] The budget of the game was 2.4 billion yen (approx. $21 million).

Most of the team members are from different backgrounds, such as developers that have their roots in the arcade with titles such as Virtua Fighter 3 and Super Monkey Ball, as well as team members having experience in novel console titles like Panzer Dragoon and Jet Set Radio. During development, the team researched hostess clubs, which are prominently featured in the story, even attending hostess clubs themselves, including Roppongi and Kabukicho.^[22] The development team wanted to accurately portray yakuza, especially such as their obsession with jingi, their code of honor. Originally the game had scenes where pinky fingers were cut off, a traditional punishment, but these scenes were removed so that CERO would give Yakuza a favorable rating. Though using the gameplay schematics of one of Nagoshi's earlier titles, Spikeout, as basis for the combat, Yakuza utilized an entirely new engine crafted for the game.^[23]

Writing

The game's development team was divided into two groups: one writing the main plot and the other writing the subplots. Novelist Hase Seishu was the lead writer of the central plot.^[23] Seishu was brought on board two years before the game development started. Seishu had been a gamer since the days of Space Invaders, but over the past four or five years, he had lost interest, as he was less concerned with 3D visuals and gameplay than he was with story. Yakuza caught his attention, and he decided to accept the project even though it came at the busiest point of his professional writing career. Nagoshi wanted players to get enjoyment from merely walking through Kamurocho. Nagoshi reveals that the protagonist's name, which translates to "Like a Dragon," was his creation; Nagoshi felt that dragons have a strong image, which would contribute Kazuma's to the strength and manliness.^[24]

Although Sega did have a plot in mind when they approached Seishu, they hoped that he could add realism and emotional weight to the scenes. Under Seishu's direction, the ages of Makoto Date and Kazuma Kiryu were modified.^[23] Writing the subplots did not prove challenging, as there was not a strict pattern to follow. The team wanted all subplots to keep the feeling from the main storyline. Several ideas did not make it into the game because the staff members found them silly. One subplot that made the final cut, which involves a man who tried to commit suicide when he was rejected by a girl, was nearly removed from this game for this reason.^[25]

Localization

In localizing the game, Sega funded an aggressive web and print advertising campaign, as well as an English voice cast composed almost entirely of cult performers like Michael Madsen, Eliza Dushku and Mark Hamill. Localizator Kevin Frane recalls "When we released the original Yakuza, we knew that the game had been a hit in Japan, and we wanted to make sure that we put our best foot forward in releasing a new and unique product to the Western market that would draw just as much acclaim." However, technical limitations of the format made it impossible for the team to include both audio tracks on the disc.^[26] Scott A. Steinberg at Sega of America commented "in bringing the game to the U.S. market, we wanted to ensure that the subtle nuances of the game were brought to life."^[27]

There were also problems with promoting Yakuza before its English release. Frane added that the first trailer for the game "was constructed using an old scratch track [an unfinished soundtrack]. This made the rounds fairly quickly across gaming fan sites, highlighting what was considered poor quality, but this trailer actually wasn't at all representative of the voice quality of the finished product. The damage had already been done, though, for the most part, and so a lot of fans probably still don't realize that."^[28]

Marketing

In order to both support the game's expensive production, including making Kamurocho a realistic recreation of Tokyo's Kabukicho, Sega contracted a tie-in campaign with famous Japanese companies. As a result, some in-game locations, such as the Don Quijote discount store and the Club Sega game centers are modeled after the real life buildings.

Sega also used product placement, and introduced ads within the game. This includes a collaboration with the Japanese Suntory group which advertises in-game with ad banners, Boss Coffee ads and vending machines are also visible in Kamurocho; cans are purchasable within Kamurocho stores. Since the group produces local drinks and is a distributor of foreign alcohols, all brands appearing in Kamurocho's bars and pubs, being Whiskey, Jack Daniel's Bourbon or Carlsberg Beer, are real brands of Suntory. In promoting the game, Sega hired Takashi Miike. A member from the team had previously worked with Toei Company on V-cinema. Sega approached many companies to try to secure product placement, like car companies and fashion companies. But because of the mature nature of the Yakuza game, they were rejected by most of them. The whiskey distributor Suntory accepted, however, since they felt the game's demographic meshed nicely with the whiskey-drinking demographic.^[23]

Other product placements include Shogakukan's Sabra magazine, Fujisankei Communications Group's SPA! magazine and Panini Group's World Club Cup stickers. The latter appears in a TV ad, together with a Suntory drink and a Sega mahjong game, which is displayed in the Kamurocho theater wall screen. Sega's UFO Catcher crane game machines are included as a minigame, and arcade cabinets of Virtua Fighter 4 and SpikeOut can be seen in the Club Sega game centers.

Editions

As part of the pre-ordering campaign, the Japanese first edition was bundled with two limited items, a Tojo Clan lapel pin replica (特製ピンバッジ, tokusei pin baju, lit. "deluxe pin badge")^[29] and a monography called Kamutai Magazine (December 2005 issue).^[30] Since then a new issue of Kamutai Magazine is bundled with each franchise episode pre-order.

The original PlayStation 2 the Best edition (SLPM-74234) included a bonus DVD with the trailer of Yakuza 2, while the reprint (SLPM-74253) which was released during the production of the spin-off was repackaged with a rose cover art instead of white (a.k.a. リパッケージ版, ripakkeji han lit. "repackage edition") and a bonus DVD with the trailer of Ryu Ga Gotoku Kenzan!, a voice cast message and a 20-minute producer interview.^[31]

There were no special editions of the game released outside Japan, but Sega Europe and America did use online marketing. A flash game, "CodeYakuza.com", was created and an English subtitled version of the game's 2006 live-action adaption directed by Takashi Miike, Like a Dragon: Prologue, was freely downloadable on the game's official website.^[32]

Remakes

The original Japanese version of the game, Ryū Ga Gotoku was later ported to both, the PlayStation 3 and the Wii U consoles. This remastered edition of the first game in the series is bundled with its sequel, Ryū ga Gotoku 2. These HD versions were released only in Japan.

Ryū ga Gotoku 1&2 HD edition

On November 1, 2012, a PlayStation 3 HD remaster of the Japanese original version of Yakuza and Yakuza 2 titled Ryu Ga Gotoku 1&2 HD edition was released in Japan.^[33] This "HD edition" features both game remasters bundled in a single Blu-ray disc and later in a ~19GB downloadable file.

On December 11, 2014, this "HD edition" was re-released in the budget range "PlayStation 3 the Best" dedicated to best sellers on the Japanese domestic market.^[34] Simultaneously to this Blu-ray re-release, a 18.1GB^[35] downloadable version was also made available for purchase on the Japanese PlayStation Store.^[36]

Ryū ga Gotoku 1&2 HD for Wii U

On August 8, 2013, a Wii U HD remaster of the Japanese original version of Yakuza and Yakuza 2 titled Ryu Ga Gotoku 1&2 HD for Wii U was released in Japan.^[37] This "HD for Wii U" release features both game remasters bundled in a single disc or in a 19.8GB^[38] file for download. This Wii U release is notable for being the first port of the PlayStation-exclusive Yakuza series on a non-Sony platform.

Ryū ga Gotoku: Kiwami

A remake of the first Yakuza game, titled Ryu ga Gotoku: Kiwami (龍が如く：極), was released on January 21, 2016 in Japan for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4.^[39] Kiwami improved the resolution, framerate, textures and loading times compared to the original game, and additional content was added to resolve some of the more confusing plot points.^[40] The remakes for PS4 and PS3 were the top two best-selling games in Japan during their release week, selling 103,256 copies for PS4 and 60,427 for PS3.^[41]

Reception

Reception
Aggregate scores Aggregator Score GameRankings 77.67%[42] Metacritic 75/100[43] Review scores Publication Score 1UP.com A-[2] Eurogamer 8 /10[44] Famitsu 37 / 40[45] GamePro [46] Game Revolution C- [47] GameSpot 7.4 / 10[48] GameTrailers 8 / 10[49] GameZone 8.5 / 10[50] IGN 8.2 / 10[51] UGO A-[52]
Awards Publication Award Japan Game Awards Award for Excellence[53] Famitsu Awards Excellence Award[54]

The game was heavily acclaimed in Japan for combining innovative gameplay with cinema-like story telling and character development on the back of Japan's criminal underground.^[55] Yakuza received generally positive reviews among Western critics earning a 75 out of 100 in Metacritic and a 77.67% in GameRankings.^[42][43] IGN praised its combat system and sense of style but criticized its tedious gameplay.^[51] Newtype USA called it "the adult-themed spiritual successor to the Dreamcast's Shenmue series" and found that the fighting system would interest many players.^[56] GamePro similarly compared it with Shenmue based on the amount of subscenarios.^[46] 1UP.com saw the potential of the fighting as it often earned the player money which can be used to buy items in the city.^[2] GameRevolution criticized the number of random encounters which resulted in a large amount of loading times. He also criticized the simplicity of the fighting system and few notable issues^[47] with GameTrailers agreeing on the difficulty in centering on an enemy.^[49] The amount of sidequests available received generally favorable response.^[46][49]

The game has been praised for the design of the city and delivery of the English voice acting.^[2] GameRevolution also praised it as "From an audio/video standpoint, Yakuza is exceptionally well-produced. Although the cut-scenes are all use the in-game engine, the complicated facial expressions are shockingly intricate and colorful, while some of the floral tattoos look too good to be true."^[47] UGO Networks praised the seriousness of the story as the game "respects and appreciates yakuza culture and its often forgotten roots in the samurai tradition/bushido code" and thus lammented the lack of the Japanese audio.^[52] GameTrailers also wished for a Japanese audio option, despite noting the English dub did a fine job.^[49] GameZone called it a "epic story that will keep you exploring the world filled with criminals and Kazuma's only friends who will help him along the way."^[50]

The game sold 232,650 units in Japan during 2005.^[57] In 2006 it shipped 345,323 units.^[58] Due to its commercial success on the Japanese market, Yakuza had a PlayStation 2 the Best edition on October 26, 2006, and an exceptional reprint on December 6, 2007. In contrast, this Asian long seller title never had a Platinum or Greatest Hits re-release on the western markets. Total sales reached 1 million.^[59]

Legacy

According to Toshihiro Nagoshi "[Ryu ga Gotoku was successful] because there were only a few titles which directly portray original Japanese culture. Also, there is no other title which attempts to represent such a Japanese world view with a big budget title."^[60] The game was also recognized for excellence in the 2007 Japan Game Awards.^[53]

A sequel, titled Yakuza 2, was released in Japan on December 7, 2006,^[61] and in North America and Europe on September 9, 2008 and September 19, 2008 respectively.^[62] The game was followed by Ryu ga Gotoku Kenzan a PlayStation 3 spin-off where the player controls Miyamoto Musashi, also known as Kiryu. Although this game did not make it to the west, the sequel Yakuza 3 for the PlayStation 3^[63] did. It was then followed by Yakuza 4 which for the first time incorporated multiple playable characters.^[64] The next game, the spin-off Yakuza: Dead Souls, also made it to English releases, Yakuza 5 was announced to be released in Fall 2015 while Ryū ga Gotoku Ishin! remains as a Japan-exclusive game.

Live-action adaptations

In 2006, Takashi Miike directed a prequel Like a Dragon: Prologue (龍が如く 〜序章〜, ryu ga gotoku -joshou-) with mixed martial artist and puroresu wrestler Masakatsu Funaki as Kazuma Kiryu. A film adaptation Like a Dragon (龍が如く 劇場版, ryu ga gotoku: gekijoban) was directed by Takashi Miike in 2007. Kazuma Kiryu's role is played by actor Kazuki Kitamura known overseas for his roles in Shohei Imamura's The Eel, Takeshi Miike's Dead or Alive and Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill.^[65]

References

External links

• Official website