Yusuf Adil Shah

Yusuf Adil Shah
Adil Shahi
Reign 1489–1511
Successor Ismail Adil Shah
Died 1511
Gogi, Shahpur, District Gulbarga
Burial 1511
In the campus of Great Sufi Saint Chandah Husaini of Gogi, Shahpur, District Gulbarga
Spouse Baboojee Khatoon or Poonji Khatoon Daughter of Mukund Rao of Indapur (Maratha accepted Islam)
Issue 1)Ismail Adil Shah
2) Mariyam Sultana Wife of Burhan Nizam Shah-I
3) Khadeeja Sultana Wife of Shaikh Alauddin Imadul Mulq Berari
4) Bibi Sati Wife of Ahmed Shah Ibn Mehmood Shah Bahmani
Full name
Abul Muzaffar Yusuf Adil Khan Sawi
Dynasty Adil Shahi Empire
Religion Shia

Yusuf Adil Shah (1450–1511), referred as Adil Khan or Hidalcão by the Portuguese, was the founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty that ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur for nearly two centuries.[1] He was of Persian origin.[2] As the founder of the newly formed Bijapur dynasty (as the Adil Shahi dynasty is also known), Yusuf Adil Shah is credited with developing the town of Bijapur and elevating it to significant status.

Legend of origin

The founder of the dynasty,Yusuf Adil Shah, may have been a Georgian slave[3][4] who was purchased by Mahmud Gawan from Iran.

Some historians state Yusuf was a son of the Ottoman Sultan Murad II,[5] while another states he was a Turkmen of the Aq-Quyunlu.[6]

Career

Yusuf's bravery and personality raised him rapidly in the Bahmani sultan's favor, and resulted in his being appointed Governor of Bijapur.

In 1489, Yusuf took advantage of the decline of the Bahmani power to establish himself as an independent sultan at Bijapur. He waged war against the Vijayanagar empire, as also against Bijapur's Muslim neighbours. Yusuf invited Vijayanagara general Tuluva Narasa Nayaka for peace treaty and had him and his generals murdered. The Bijapur sultanate he founded was a formidable force for close to two centuries until it was finally defeated by Aurangzeb in 1686.[5]

Adil Shah is personally responsible for building the imposing Citadel or Arkilla[7] and the palace named Faroukh Mahal. Yusuf was a man of culture and invited poets and artisans from Persia, Turkey and Rome to his court. He was also an accomplished musician and scholar with deep religious tolerance that was reflected in art and architecture from this time.

Yusuf Adil Shah married Punji, the sister of a Maratha warrior. He died in 1511, shortly after the loss of Goa to the Portuguese governor Afonso de Albuquerque, in 1510. Yusuf left behind a strong if small state, one which persisted through two relatively chaotic centuries in a region rife with political ferment. He was succeeded by his son Ismail, who being a minor, was aided in his rule by a certain Kamal Khan.

Notes

  1. ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 119. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  2. ↑ Meri, Josef W. (January 2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization, Volume 1 An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7. In 1481, Yusuf ‘Adil Khan, a Persian slave who claimed to descend from the Ottoman sultan Murad III, became the governor of Bijapur.
  3. ↑ Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002). History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. p. 101.
  4. ↑ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2012). Courtly Encounters: Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia. p. 101.
  5. 1 2 Salma Ahmed Farooqui, A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century, (Dorling Kindersley, 2011), p.174. .
  6. ↑ Bolar, Varija R (2012). "Turks in Karnataka" (PDF). International Journal of Social Studies 4 (1): 423.
  7. ↑ Ahammad, Mustak (2013). Military Architecture under the Adilshahis of Bijapur. p. 2.

References

Preceded by
Founder of the Dynasty		 Adil Shahi Rulers of Bijapur
1489–1511 		Succeeded by
Ismail Adil Shah
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