Zhang Hu (poet)

Zhang Hu
Traditional Chinese 張祜
Simplified Chinese 张祜
Literal meaning (given name)
Alternative Chinese name
Chinese 承吉
Literal meaning (courtesy name)

Zhang Hu (792?–853?) was a Chinese poet of the mid-Tang dynasty. His courtesy name was Chengji.

After travelling to the capital of Chang'an, he was unsuccessful in seeking a position at court, and spent the latter half of his life travelling to famous places and composing poetry. The majority of his surviving poems are on historical topics and famous sights that he visited in his travels.

Biography

Zhang Hu was born in 792,[1][lower-alpha 1] in Qinghe (modern Qinghe County, Hebei or Shandong)[2] or possibly Nanyang (modern Nanyang, Henan).[3] His courtesy name was Chengji.[2]

He flourished between 820 and 845.[4] Living early on in Gusu, in the Changqing era (821–824) he was summoned to the capital Chang'an on the recommendation of Linghu Chu.[3] Linghu Chu had known Hu through the 810s, and his recommendation memorial was submitted along with 300 of Hu's poems.[5]

However, he failed to find employment at court due to the opposition of Yuan Zhen, who claimed Hu lacked literary talent, and moved to Huainan where he spent his days visiting famous temples and places of scenic beauty and devoting himself to poetic composition.[6]

Later, he retired to Danyang (modern Danyang, Jiangsu, where spent the rest of his days as a private citizen.[3]

He probably died in 852 or 853.[2][lower-alpha 2]

Poetry

Roughly 350 of his poems survive, most being on famous temples and places of scenic beauty that he visited in travels.[1]

He primarily wrote quatrains on historical topics.[4] There is an anthology of his poetry called the Zhang Chushi Shiji (simplified Chinese: 张処士诗集; traditional Chinese: 張處士詩集; pinyin: Zhāng Chǔshì Shījí; Wade–Giles: Chang2 Ch'u3shih4 Shih2chi1; literally: "Collection of Poems by Retired Scholar Zhang").[3]

He wrote a dozen poems on the reign of Xuanzong,[4] of which the following notably deals with the emperor's relationship with an older sister of Yang Guifei:[7]

Traditional[8][9]Simplified[10][11]Pinyin[8][9]English translation (by Lily Xiao Hong Lee)[7]
虢國夫人承主恩，
平明騎馬入宮門。
卻嫌脂粉汙顏色，
淡掃蛾眉朝至尊。
虢国夫人承主恩，
平明骑马入宫门。
却嫌脂粉污颜色，
淡扫蛾眉朝至尊。
guó guó fū rén chéng zhǔ ēn,
píng míng qí mǎ rù gōng mén.
què xián zhī fěn wū yán sè,
dàn sǎo é méi cháo zhì zūn.
The Lady of Guo State received the emperor's graciousness.
In the early morning she rode her horse into the palace.
Thinking rouge and powder soiled her beauty,
She lightly brushed her eyebrows before facing the emperor.

Among his better-known poems is the wuyan lüshi "Jinshan-si" (Chinese: 金山寺; pinyin: Jīnshān-sì; Wade–Giles: Chin2shan2-ssu4; literally: "Jinshan Temple" or "Golden Mountain Temple"):[2]

Traditional[12][13]Simplified[14][15]Pinyin[12][13]
一宿金山寺，超然離世群。
僧歸夜船月，龍出曉堂雲。
樹色中流見，鐘聲兩岸聞。
翻思在朝市，終日醉醺醺。
一宿金山寺，超然离世群。
僧归夜船月，龙出晓堂云。
树色中流见，钟声两岸闻。
翻思在朝市，终日醉醺醺。
yī sù jīn shān sì, chāo rán lí shì qún.
sēng guī yè chuán yuè, lóng chū xiǎo táng yún.
shù sè zhōng liú jiàn, zhōng shēng liǎng àn wén.
fān sī zài zhāo shì, zhōng rì zuì xūn xūn.

Five of his poems were included in the Three Hundred Tang Poems.[16]

Notes

    1. ↑ Ueki et al. 1999 put a question mark on this date.
    2. ↑ Britannica gives the date as "852?" while Ueki et al. 1999 give "853?".

    References

    1. 1 2 Britannica 2014.
    2. 1 2 3 4 Ueki et al. 1999, p. 128; Britannica 2014.
    3. 1 2 3 4 Ueki et al. 1999, p. 128.
    4. 1 2 3 Paragraph 86 in Paul W. Kroll "Poetry of the T'ang Dynasty", chapter 14 in Mair 2001.
    5. ↑ Moore 2004, p. 334.
    6. ↑ Moore 2004, p. 334; Ueki et al. 1999, p. 128.
    7. 1 2 Liu 2015, p. 540.
    8. 1 2 "Chinese Text Project entry "集靈台二首 (3)" (Traditional)". Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
    9. 1 2 "Chinese Text Project entry "集靈台二首 (4)" (Traditional)". Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
    10. ↑ "Chinese Text Project entry "集靈台二首 (3)" (Simplified)". Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
    11. ↑ "Chinese Text Project entry "集靈台二首 (4)" (Simplified)". Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
    12. 1 2 "Chinese Text Project entry "題潤州金山寺 (1)" (Traditional)". Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
    13. 1 2 "Chinese Text Project entry "題潤州金山寺 (2)" (Traditional)". Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
    14. ↑ "Chinese Text Project entry "題潤州金山寺 (1)" (Simplified)". Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
    15. ↑ "Chinese Text Project entry "題潤州金山寺 (2)" (Simplified)". Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
    16. ↑

    Works cited

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