1110s

Events

Contents: 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119

1110

• May – First Crusade: Crusaders conquer Beirut.
• December 4 – First Crusade: Crusaders conquer Sidon.
• Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor invades Italy.
• Inge the Younger becomes joint king of Sweden with his brother Philip.
• The Rus' Primary Chronicle ends.
• Construction begins on Fontevraud Abbey in France.
• Mawdud of Mosul captures all land belonging to the Crusader County of Edessa east of the Euphrates.
• Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus renews his war with the Seljuk Turks.

1111

By area

Asia

• Crusaders and Seljuk Turks fight the Battle of Shaizar in Syria to a draw.
• The Donglin Academy is established in Song dynasty China.

Europe

• April 13 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Paschal II.
• May 24 – The commune of Laus is destroyed by Milanese troops.
• Baldwin VII becomes Count of Flanders.
• Santarém and Sintra are captured by the Almoravid troops of the general Sir ibn Abi Bakr. The efforts of the Berbers to reconquer lost ground lead to the sack of Coimbra.^[1] The same year, the city had experienced the sole urban rebellion against their lord to take place in Portugal.^[2]
• Alfonso VII becomes King of Galicia.
• Domnall Ua Briain becomes King of the Hebrides and the Isle of Man, following a request from the people of that kingdom to the King of Munster to send them a ruler.^[3]

By topic

Religion

• The Synod of Rathbreasail marks the transition of the Irish church from a monastic to a diocesan structure.

1112

By place

Europe

• February 3 – The count of Barcelona, Ramon Berenguer III, obtains the county of Provence due to his marriage with the heiress, Douce.^[4]
• Easter – The people of Laon, France, having proclaimed a commune, murder their bishop, Waldric, in his cathedral.
• Salzwedel, Germany is founded.
• The German Margraviate of Baden is founded by Herman II.
• Afonso I becomes Count of Portugal.
• Otto, Count of Ballenstedt is made Duke of Saxony by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, but later stripped of the title.
• Gallus Anonymus begins to write Gesta principum Polonorum to Bolesław III Wrymouth.

1113

• Pierre Abélard opens his school in Paris, France.
• Alaungsithu succeeds Kyanzittha as king of Burma.
• Suryavarman II's reign begins in the Khmer Empire.
• Vladimir II Monomakh's reign begins in Kievan Rus'.
• Bridlington Priory is founded.
• The Order of the Knights of the Hospital of Saint John, founded to protect pilgrims to the Holy Land, is formally recognized by the papal bull Pie Postulatio Voluntatis.
• A riot erupts in Kiev.
• The Republic of Florence conquers the neighboring city of Montecascioli as part of its effort to extend its domination over the contado.
• Unsuccessful attempt of Queen Urraca to seize Burgos defended by her ex-husband King Alfonso.^[5]
• A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains, the only extant work by Chinese painter Wang Ximeng is finished.

1114

By place

Asia

• The Song Dynasty emperor Huizong sends a gift of Chinese musical instruments for use in royal banquets to the Goryeo court of Korea, by request from the Goryeo king Yejong.

Europe

• January 7 – Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, marries Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
• Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and his Pisan allies, conquers Ibiza and Mallorca.
• The Almoravid governor of Zaragoza, Muhàmmad ibn al-Hajj, launches an offensive against the County of Barcelona but is defeated at the Battle of Martorell by Ramon Berenguer III.^[6]
• As part of the Norman expansion southward, the count Routrou II of Perche enters the service of the king of Castille, Alfonso the Battler.^[7]
• The Polovtsy attack the Byzantine Empire.

1115

• February 11 – Battle of Welfesholz: Lothair of Supplinburg defeats Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
• February 13 (traditional date) – Clairvaux Abbey is founded in France by Bernard.
• September 14 – Roger of Salerno's Crusaders rout the Seljuk Turks under Bursuq bin Bursuq at the Battle of Sarmin in Syria.
• Anselm of Laon becomes archdeacon of Laon.
• Peter Abélard becomes canon of Notre Dame de Paris and meets Héloïse d'Argenteuil.
• Stephen of England becomes count of Mortain.
• Arnulf of Chocques is accused of sexual relations with a Muslim woman, and is briefly removed from his position as Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem by the papal legate.
• Jurchen people establish the Jin dynasty of China.
• The Crusader castle of Montreal is built by Baldwin I of Jerusalem in Jordan.
• The Mixtec lord Eight Deer Jaguar Claw is defeated in battle and sacrificed by a coalition of city-states led by his brother-in-law 4 Wind at Tilantongo.
• Earliest likely date – Hugh of Saint Victor joins the Victorines in Paris, France.

1116

By area

Africa

• Baldwin I of Jerusalem undertakes an invasion of Egypt.
• The Zirid ruler of Ifriqiya, Ali ibn Yahya, conquers the independent island of Jerba, then acting as an independent piratical republic.^[8]

Americas

• The Aztecs leave Aztlán, searching for the site of what will eventually become Tenochtitlán (later Mexico City).

Europe

• July 15 – Doge Ordelafo Faliero of the Republic of Venice conquers the troops of Stephen II of Hungary who have arrived to relieve Zadar and the remaining towns of Dalmatia surrender to Venice.
• The Portuguese, under the leadership of countess Theresa take two Galician cities, Tui and Ourense. In reply, the sister of Countess Theresa, Queen Urraca of Leon and Castile, attacks Portugal.
• Almoravid troops conquer the Balearic islands whose Muslim king has been severely weakened by Pisan and Catalan raiders.^[9]

By topic

Arts and technology

• The modern book of separate pages stitched together is invented in China.
• Construction starts on the Chennakesava Temple in India.
• Aak music is introduced to the Korean court by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty.

1117

Africa

• Conflict between the de facto independent republics of Mahdia and Gabes in Ifriqiya.^[8] Madhia is supported by the Zirid dynasty while Gabes receives the aid of the Roger I of Sicily.

Asia

• Arslan-Shah of Ghazna loses the Battle of Ghazni.
• Pelusium is razed by Baldwin I of Jerusalem.
• Miidera and the sohei of Enryakuji attack Nara, Japan.

Europe

• Borivoj II of Bohemia becomes prince in place of Vladislav I of Bohemia.
• The people of Santiago de Compostela (present-day Spain) try to burn their prelate in his palace, along with the queen.
• Iceland abolishes slavery.^[10]
• Short-lived Almoravid reconquest of Coimbra (Portugal).^[11]
• Stephen II of Hungary regains Dalmatia from the Republic of Venice while the Venetians are on a naval expedition, Doge Ordelafo Faliero dying in battle near Zadar; Domenico Michele, elected Doge to succeed him, reconquers the territory and agrees a 5-year truce.

1118

By place

Europe

• Peace between England and Flanders is agreed.^[12]

=British isles=

• Enna mac Donnchada mac Murchada becomes King of Dublin in Ireland.
• Cu Faifne mac Congalaig becomes King of Uí Failghe in Ireland.
• Maelsechlainn Ua Faelain becomes King of the Déisi Muman in Ireland.
• The cantrefs of Rhos and Rhufoniog are annexed by Gruffudd ap Cynan, King of Gwynedd in Wales.
• The Archbishop of York is no longer required to be crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury.
• Reconstruction begins on Peterborough Cathedral in England, destroyed by fire in 1116.^[13]

=Byzantine Empire=

• John II Comnenus succeeds Alexius I as Byzantine emperor.

=Eastern Europe=

• Đorđe, Vojislavljević ruler of Serbia, is overthrown by Uroš I of Raška.
• George of Duklja is overthrown by his cousin Grubeša.
• Radostl becomes Bishop of Krakow.
• Zbraslav, now part of Prague, is founded.
• Sylvester of Kiev becomes bishop of Pereyaslav.

=France=

• A rebellion against Henry I of England breaks out in Normandy.
• Alberich of Rheims becomes Master at the school of Rheims.
• Charles I, Count of Flanders marries Margaret of Clermont.
• Peter Abelard and Héloïse d'Argenteuil have a child and marry secretly in Paris. Her uncle Fulbert has Abelard castrated and both Abelard and Héloïse enter religious orders.^[14]
• Amaury IV of Montfort divorces his wife Richilde, daughter of Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut.
• Wulgrin III becomes Count of Angoulême.
• Gervais becomes Count of Rethel.
• Montlhéry Castle is dismantled by Louis VI of France.

=Germany=

• Magdeburg is almost destroyed by fire.
• Reichenbach Abbey is founded.
• Zwickau, Eisenstadt, Kirchgandern, and Wolfenbüttel are first mentioned.
• Otto of Bamberg is suspended by the Pope, and Norbert of Xanten defends himself against charges of heresy at the Synod of Fritzlar.

=Italy=

• January 24 – Pope Gelasius II succeeds Pope Paschal II as the 161st pope.
• March 10 – Gregory VIII is elected antipope.
• The cathedral of Ferentino is completed.
• The restoration of Santa Maria in Cosmedin begins.
• The economic competition between Milan and Como drives the two cities to war.

=Scandinavia=

• Upon the death of his brother Philip, Inge the Younger becomes sole king of Sweden.
• Þorlákur Runólfsson becomes Bishop of Skálholt.

=Spain=

• The Almoravids lose their control of the Ebro valley:
  • Pope Gelasius II grants the status of Crusade to the Christian effort in the Ebro valley attracting numerous Gascon, Occitan and Norman knights.^[15]
  • December 18 – Alfonso the Battler expels the Moors from Zaragoza.^[16]
  • The troops of Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona led by archbishop Oleguer Bonestruga capture Tarragona from the Moors.^[17]

Asia

=East Asia=

• The Genei era begins in Japan.
• The Zenghe era of Emperor Huizong of Song China ends, and the Chonghe era begins.
• The Yongning era of Emperor Chongzong of Western Xia ends.

=Caucasus=

• David IV of Georgia captures Lori from the Seljuk Turks.
• David IV of Georgia settles a number of Kipchaks in Georgia.

=Western Asia=

• June 11 – Roger of Salerno, Prince of Antioch, captures Azaz from the Seljuk Turks.
• The Byzantine general Philocales captures Sardis from the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm.
• Baldwin I of Jerusalem invades Egypt.
• Baldwin of Le Bourg succeeds his cousin Baldwin I as king of Jerusalem.
• Roman of Le Puy becomes lord of Oultrejordain.
• Joscelin I succeeds Baldwin of Le Bourg as Count of Edessa.
• Garmond of Picquigny becomes Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.
• Suleyman I ibn al-Ghazi becomes emir of Aleppo.
• Ahmed Sanjar and Mahmud II proclaim themselves rival Seljuk sultans upon the death of Mehmed I of Great Seljuk.
• Al-Mustarshid becomes Abbasid caliph.
• Bahram Shah becomes Ghaznavid Emperor.

=South Asia=

• June 29 – Vikram Chola becomes regent of the Chola kingdom.
• Battle of Kennagal: The Hoysala Empire defeats the Chalukya.

1119

By area

Asia

• June 28 – Battle of Ager Sanguinis: Ilghazi, the ruler of Aleppo, wipes out a Crusader army from the Principality of Antioch.
• August 14 – Battle of Hab: Baldwin II of Jerusalem's Crusaders defeat Ilghazi's army, saving Antioch.

Europe

• August 20 – Battle of Bremule: Henry I of England routs Louis VI.
• September 19 – Severe earthquake in Gloucestershire & Warwickshire, England.^[18]
• Robert Bruce, 1st Lord of Cleveland and Annandale, grants and confirms the church of St. Hilda of Middleburg (Middlesbrough) to Whitby.

By topic

Religion

• February 2 – Pope Callixtus II succeeds Pope Gelasius II as the 162nd pope.
• Knights Templar Founded by Hugh de Payns.
• Councils of Toulouse and Reims.
  • The archbishop of Tarragona, Oleguer Bonestruga, very successfully preaches a Crusade against the Moors in Catalonia.^[19]
  • In Toulouse, condemnation by the Church of the Petrobrusian heresy.^[20]

Technology

• In his Pingzhou Table Talks published in this year, the Song Dynasty Chinese author Zhu Yu writes of the earliest known use of separate hull compartments in ships.
• Zhu Yu's book is the first to report the use of a magnetic compass for navigation at sea, although the first actual description of the magnetic compass is by another Chinese writer Shen Kuo in his Dream Pool Essays published in 1088.

References