2014 in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2014.
Plants
Newly described angiosperms
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ambiplatanus[2] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mindell, Karafit & Stockey |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
A member of Platanaceae. The type species is Ambiplatanus washingtonensis. |
|||
Annona eocenica[3] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Prasad, Singh & Singh |
Early Eocene |
Cambay Shale Formation |
A member of Annonaceae, a species of Annona. |
||
Annona vastanensis[3] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Prasad, Singh & Singh |
Early Eocene |
Cambay Shale Formation |
A member of Annonaceae, a species of Annona. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sakala in Sakala & Vodrážka |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Antarctoxylon. |
||||
Aquaephyllum[5] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gallego et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member of Araceae. The type species is Aquaephyllum auriculatum. |
|||
Bombacoxylon pondaungense[6] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Licht, Boura & De Franceschi in Licht et al. |
Eocene |
Pondaung Formation |
A member of Malvaceae, a species of Bombacoxylon. |
||
Bridelia makumensis[7] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Srivastava & Mehrotra |
Oligocene (Chattian) |
Tikak Parbat Formation |
A member of Phyllanthaceae, a species of Bridelia. |
||
Caesalpinia veraechinataformis[8] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bernardes-de-Oliveira et al. |
Eocene-Oligocene |
Entre-Córregos Formation |
A species of Caesalpinia. |
||
Cascadiacarpa exilis[9] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mindell, Stockey & Beard |
Eocene |
A member of Fagaceae, a species of Cascadiacarpa. |
|||
Castanopsis presclerophylla[10] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu et al. |
Late Pliocene |
A member of Fagaceae, a species of Castanopsis. |
|||
Chachlovia[11] |
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Alekseev & Herman in Alekseev, Herman & Shchepetov |
Late Cretaceous |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Chachlovia kiyensis Alekseev sp. nov.; genus also contains Chachlovia dombeyopsoida Herman comb. nov. |
|||
Cinnamomum palaeobejolghota[12] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Khan & Bera |
Middle to late Miocene |
Dafla Formation |
A member of Lauraceae, a species of Cinnamomum. |
||
Cocos binoriensis[13] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Srivastava & Srivastava |
Late Cretaceous or Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian) |
||||
Cratosmilax[14] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
De Lima et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) |
A member of Smilacaceae. The type species is Cratosmilax jacksoni. |
|||
Dicotylophyllum hansonium[15] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Dicotylophyllum. |
|||
Dicotylophyllum horsecreekium[15] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Dicotylophyllum. |
|||
Ficoxylon mogaungense[6] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Licht, Boura & De Franceschi in Licht et al. |
Eocene |
Pondaung Formation |
A member of Moraceae, a species of Ficoxylon. |
||
Hexagyne philippiana[16] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Coiffard, Mohr & Bernardes-de-Oliveira |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
A member of Piperales, probably related to Aristolochiaceae. The type species is Hexagyne philippiana. |
|||
Kajanthus[17] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mendes et al. |
Early Cretaceous (late Aptian–early Albian) |
Figueira da Foz Formation |
A member of Lardizabalaceae. The type species is Kajanthus lusitanicus. |
||
Kleinhovia bikanerensis[18] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shukla, Mehrotra & Guleria |
Early Eocene |
Marh Formation |
A species of Kleinhovia. |
||
Liliacidites contortus[19] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mildenhall & Bannister in Conran et al. |
Latest Oligocene to earliest Miocene |
A morphospecies described on the basis of pollen recovered from a Luzuriaga-like flower. |
|||
Lindera neobifaria[12] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Khan & Bera |
Pliocene |
Subansiri Formation |
|||
Luzuriaga peterbannisteri[19] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Conran, Bannister, Mildenhall & Lee in Conran et al. |
Latest Oligocene to earliest Miocene |
A species of Luzuriaga. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
A member of Platanaceae, a species of Macginitiea. |
||||
Machaerium aiuruoquense[8] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bernardes-de-Oliveira et al. |
Eocene-Oligocene |
Entre-Córregos Formation |
A species of Machaerium. |
||
Machaerium paleogenum[8] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bernardes-de-Oliveira et al. |
Eocene-Oligocene |
Entre-Córregos Formation |
A species of Machaerium. |
||
Meliosma thriviensis[15] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
||||
Meliosma vandaelium[15] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
||||
Microlaurus[20] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Takahashi et al. |
Late Cretaceous (early Coniacian) |
A member of Lauraceae. The type species is Microlaurus perigynus. |
|||
Paliurus microcarpa[21] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li in Li et al. |
Middle or late Miocene |
Shengxian Formation |
A member of Rhamnaceae, a species of Paliurus. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Franco, Brea & Herbst |
Late Miocene |
Chiquimil Formation |
A palm tree, a species of Palmoxylon. |
|||
Persea mioparviflora[12] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Khan & Bera |
Pliocene |
Subansiri Formation |
A member of Lauraceae. Described by Khan & Bera (2014) as a species of Persea, considered by the authors to be most similar to the species Persea parviflora Spreng.[12] |
||
Persea preglaucescens[12] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Khan & Bera |
Pliocene |
Subansiri Formation |
A member of Lauraceae. Described by Khan & Bera (2014) as a species of Persea,[12] though the authors consider it most similar to the species Persea glaucescens (Nees) D.G. Long, assigned by other authors to the genus Machilus. |
||
Platimeliphyllum reznikoviorum[23] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Maslova in Maslova et al. |
Paleogene |
Ashut Formation |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Platimeliphyllum. |
||
Quercus tenuipilosa[24] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hu & Zhou in Hu et al. |
Late Pliocene |
Ciying Formation |
An oak. |
||
Quercus yangyiensis[25] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
He, Li & Sun in He et al. |
Late Pliocene |
Yangyi Formation |
An oak. |
||
Ripogonum americanum[26] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Carpenter et al. |
Early Eocene |
||||
Sabalites dindoriensis[27] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Srivastava, Srivastava & Dilcher |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to early Paleocene (Danian) |
A palm tree belonging to the subfamily Coryphoideae, a species of Sabalites. |
|||
Sapindoxylon burmense[6] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Licht, Boura & De Franceschi in Licht et al. |
Eocene |
Pondaung Formation |
A member of Sapindaceae, a species of Sapindoxylon. |
||
Schimoxylon benderi[6] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Licht, Boura & De Franceschi in Licht et al. |
Eocene |
Pondaung Formation |
A member of Theaceae, a species of Schimoxylon. |
||
Shoreoxylon panganense[6] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Licht, Boura & De Franceschi in Licht et al. |
Eocene |
Pondaung Formation |
A member of Dipterocarpaceae, a species of Shoreoxylon. |
||
Soninia[11] |
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Herman & Shczepetov in Alekseev, Herman & Shchepetov |
Late Cretaceous |
An angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is S. integerrima Herman & Shczepetov; genus also contains S. asiatica Alekseev. |
|||
Ternstromites paucimissouriensis[15] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peppe & Hickey |
Paleocene |
A member of Theaceae, a species of Ternstromites. |
|||
Ticodendron palaios[28] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chambers & Poinar |
Eocene or Miocene |
A species of Ticodendron known from Dominican amber. |
|||
Other seed plants
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wilf et al. |
Eocene |
A member of Araucariaceae, a species of Agathis. |
||||
Araucarites ochotensis[30] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Golovneva & Shczepetov in Shczepetov & Golovneva |
Late Cretaceous |
A member of Araucariaceae, a species of Araucarites. |
|||
Athrotaxites yumenensis[31] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dong et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
Zhonggou Formation |
A member of Cupressaceae, a species of Athrotaxites. |
||
Bicatia[32] |
Gen. et 3 sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Pedersen & Crane |
Early Cretaceous (late Aptian to middle Albian) |
A Welwitschia-like seed plant. The type species is Bicatia costata; genus also contains Bicatia juncalensis and Bicatia rugosa. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Šimůnek |
Carboniferous (Stephanian) |
A species of Cordaites. |
||||
Cosmosperma[34] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Late Devonian (Famennian) |
Wutong Formation |
A member of Lagenospermopsida of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Cosmosperma polyloba. |
||
Cycas fushunensis[35] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Su, Quan & Liu |
Eocene (Lutetian) |
Jijuntun Formation |
|||
Elatides zhoui[36] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shi et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A member of Cupressaceae, a species of Elatides. |
|||
Elatocladus andhrensis[37] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chinnappa, Rajanikanth & Rao |
Early Cretaceous |
Gangapur Formation |
A member of Coniferales, a species of Elatocladus. |
||
Flabellosemen[38] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tsymbal |
Permian |
A member of Ginkgoales belonging to the family Psygmophyllaceae. The type species is Flabellosemen riparium. |
|||
Giblingodendron[39] |
Gen. et 2 sp.nov |
Valid |
Falcon-Lang, Kurzawe & Lucas |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian)[40] to Permian (Sakmarian) |
Atrasado Formation[40] |
A member of Coniferopsida of uncertain phylogenetic placement, might be a member of Voltziales, Cordaitales or Dicranophyllales.[40] The type species is Giblingodendron nudifolia; genus also includes Giblingodendron aridus. |
||
Ginkgoxylpropinquus saxonicum[41] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Süss & Müller |
Early Oligocene |
A member of Ginkgoales, a species of Ginkgoxylpropinquus. |
|||
Hubbardiastrobus[42] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Atkinson, Rothwell & Stockey |
Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) |
A member of Cupressaceae. The type species is Hubbardiastrobus cunninghamioides. |
|||
Hughmillerites vancouverensis[43] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Atkinson, Rothwell & Stockey |
Early Cretaceous |
A member of Cupressaceae, a species of Hughmillerites. |
|||
Macdonaldodendron[39] |
Gen. et sp.nov |
Valid |
Falcon-Lang, Kurzawe & Lucas |
Carboniferous (Kasimovian)[40] to Permian (Sakmarian) |
Atrasado Formation[40] |
A member of Voltziales. The type species is Macdonaldodendron giganticus. |
||
Manifera[44] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Looy & Stevenson |
Permian (Kungurian to Roadian) |
Flowerpot Shale Member of the San Angelo Formation |
A member of Voltziales belonging to the family Majonicaceae. The type species is Manifera talaris. |
||
Nilssoniopteris binggouensis[45] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Na et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
Binggou Formation |
A member of Bennettitales, a species of Nilssoniopteris. |
||
Nilssoniopteris corrugata[46] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ray, Rothwell & Stockey |
Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) |
A member of Bennettitales, a species of Nilssoniopteris. |
|||
Pararaucaria collinsonae[47] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Steart, Spencer, Kenrick, Needham & Hilton in Steart et al. |
Late Jurassic (Tithonian) |
A member of Cheirolepidiaceae, a species of Pararaucaria. |
|||
Phoenicopsis (Culgoweria) ordosensis[48] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
Yan'an Formation |
A member of Czekanowskiales, a species of Phoenicopsis. |
||
Phoenicopsis (Phoenicopsis) neimengensis[49] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang, Yang & Sun |
Early Cretaceous |
Huolinhe Formation |
A member of Czekanowskiales, a species of Phoenicopsis. |
||
Phyllocladoxylon pooleae[50] |
Sp.nov |
Valid |
Pujana, Santillana & Marenssi |
Eocene |
A member of Podocarpaceae, a species of Phyllocladoxylon. |
|||
Platycladus yunnanensis[51] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu in Wu et al. |
Late Miocene |
Nanlin Formation |
A member of Cupressaceae, a species of Platycladus. |
||
Podocarpoxylon radiciforme[52] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Süss & Müller |
Early Oligocene |
A conifer, a species of Podocarpoxylon. |
|||
Protophyllocladoxylon francisiae[50] |
Sp.nov |
Valid |
Pujana, Santillana & Marenssi |
Eocene |
A member of Podocarpaceae, a species of Protophyllocladoxylon. |
|||
Rudixylon[53] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bomfleur et al. |
Middle or early Late Triassic |
A member of Petriellales (an order of seed plants of uncertain phylogenetic placement). The type species is Rudixylon serbetianum. |
|||
Rugaspermum stipitatus[54] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bhowmik, Parveen & Das |
Middle Triassic |
A possible member of Gnetales, a species of Rugaspermum. |
|||
Septomedullopitys szei[55] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wan, Yang & Wang |
Late Permian (early Wuchiapingian) |
Wutonggou Formation |
A member of Coniferopsida, a species of Septomedullopitys. |
||
Xinjiangoxylon[56] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Shi et al. |
Late Permian (Changhsingian) |
Guodikeng Formation |
A gymnosperm. The type species is Xinjiangoxylon turpanense. |
||
Pteridophyta
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arcellites punctatus[57] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Pedersen & Marone |
Early Cretaceous (late Barremian–early Aptian) |
Almargem Formation |
A member of Salviniales of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Arcellites. |
||
Ashicaulis plumites[58] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tian & Wang in Tian et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
A member of Osmundaceae, a species of Ashicaulis. |
|||
Ashicaulis wangii[59] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tian et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
A member of Osmundaceae, a species of Ashicaulis. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kustatscher, Dellantonio & Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
A pteridophyte of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Chiropteris. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kustatscher, Dellantonio & Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
A pteridophyte of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Cladophlebis. |
||||
Elaphoglossum miocenicum[61] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lóriga et al. |
Miocene |
A member of Dryopteridaceae found in Dominican amber, a species of Elaphoglossum. |
|||
Flabellariopteris[62] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sun in Sun et al. |
Late Triassic |
Yangcaogou Formation |
A member of Marsileaceae. The type species is Flabellariopteris mii. |
||
Marattiopsis vodrazkae[63] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Kvaček |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
Antarctica (James Ross Island) |
A member of Marattiaceae, a species of Marattiopsis. |
||
Marsilea patnii[64] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Patil, Kapgate & Zilpe |
Late Cretaceous |
Deccan Intertrappean Beds |
A species of Marsilea. |
||
Phlebopteris fiemmensis[60] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kustatscher, Dellantonio & Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
A member of Matoniaceae, a species of Phlebopteris. |
|||
Phlebopteris hickeyi[65] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hu & Taylor |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
Jarash Formation |
A member of Matoniaceae, a species of Phlebopteris. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jurina & Orlova in Orlova & Jurina |
Late Devonian |
A species of Pseudobornia. |
||||
Salvinia hainanensis[67] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jin & Wang in Wang, Xu & Jin |
Eocene |
A species of Salvinia. |
|||
Tiania[68] |
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Late Permian |
Xuanwei Formation |
A member of Guaireaceae (extinct family belonging to the order Osmundales); a new genus for "Palaeosmunda" yunnanense Tian & Chang (1995). |
||
Zhongmingella[69] |
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Late Permian |
Wangjiazhai Formation |
A member of Guaireaceae (extinct family belonging to the order Osmundales); a new genus for "Palaeosmunda" plenasioides Li (1983). |
||
Other plants
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andreiella[70] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bucur |
A dasycladalean alga belonging to the family Triploporellaceae. Genus includes new species A. rajkae. |
||||
Baikalophyton[71] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Naugolnykh & Minina |
Devonian |
A terrestrial plant similar to Sciadophyton. The type species is Baikalophyton ruzhentsevii. |
|||
Belzungia barattoloi[72] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Radoičić & Özgen-Erdem |
Early Eocene |
A dasycladalean alga belonging to the family Thyrsoporellaceae. |
|||
Boueina iberica[73] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schlagintweit & Wilmsen |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A dasycladalean alga belonging to the family Udoteaceae. |
|||
Ceratolejeunea antiqua[74] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Heinrichs & Schäfer-Verwimp in Heinrichs et al. |
Early to middle Miocene |
A liverwort belonging to the family Lejeuneaceae, a species of Ceratolejeunea. |
|||
Changxingia[75] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Late Devonian |
Wutong Formation |
A lycopsid. The type species is Changxingia longifolia. |
||
Clypeina tibanai[76] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Granier, Dias-Brito & Bucur |
Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) |
Ponta do Mel Formation |
A dasycladalean alga belonging to the family Polyphysaceae. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Senowbari-Daryan |
A dasycladalean alga belonging to the family Diploporellaceae. |
|||||
Gackstroemia cretacea[78] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Heinrichs et al. |
Early Cretaceous (late Albian) |
A liverwort belonging to the group Jungermanniopsida and the family Lepidolaenaceae, a species of Gackstroemia. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Álvarez-Vázquez & Wagner |
Carboniferous (middle Pennsylvanian, i.e. early Westphalian) |
A species of Lepidodendron. |
||||
Lycopodites baikalensis[80] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Frolov in Frolov & Mashchuk |
Middle Jurassic |
Prisayan Formation |
A member of Lycopodiales, a species of Lycopodites. |
||
Lycopodites subulifolius[80] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Frolov & Mashchuk |
Middle Jurassic |
Prisayan Formation |
A member of Lycopodiales, a species of Lycopodites. |
||
Marchantites huolinhensis[81] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
Huolinhe Formation |
A liverwort belonging to the group Marchantiales, a species of Marchantites. |
||
Pantiathallites[82] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Banerjee & Dutta |
Early Permian |
A metzgeriinean bryophyte. The type species is Pantiathallites gondwanensis. |
|||
Planatophyton[83] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gerrienne et al. |
Early or Middle Devonian |
Hujiersite Formation |
An euphyllophyte. The type species is Planatophyton hujiersitense. |
||
Probolocupsis sarmeikensis[77] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Senowbari-Daryan |
A dasycladalean alga belonging to the family Triploporellaceae. |
||||
Probolocuspis? tenuiparia[77] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Senowbari-Daryan |
A dasycladalean alga belonging to the family Triploporellaceae. |
||||
Sp nov |
valid |
Heinrichs et al, 2014 |
Middle Eocene |
A Mniaceae moss |
||||
Russoella parthica[85] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Barattolo, Taherpour Khalil Abad & Ashrafi |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A dasycladalean alga. |
|||
Ufadendron[86] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Naugolnykh |
Permian (Kungurian) |
Koshelevsk Formation |
A lycopsid. The type species is Ufadendron ufaensis. |
||
Cnidarians
Newly described cnidarians
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acropora macrocalyx[87] |
Sp. nov |
Valid[88] |
Wallace & Bosellini |
Early Miocene (Burdigalian) |
A stony coral, a species of Acropora. |
|||
Acropora piedmontensis[87] |
Sp. nov |
Valid[88] |
Wallace & Bosellini |
Early Miocene (Burdigalian) |
A stony coral, a species of Acropora. |
|||
Acropora salentina[87] |
Sp. nov |
Valid[88] |
Wallace & Bosellini |
Oligocene (Chattian) |
A stony coral, a species of Acropora. |
|||
Acropora slovenica[87] |
Sp. nov |
Valid[88] |
Wallace & Bosellini |
Oligocene (Rupelian) |
Gornji Grad beds |
A stony coral, a species of Acropora. |
||
Arctistrotion[89] |
Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Stevens |
Carboniferous (Bashkirian) |
A colonial coral belonging to the subclass Rugosa and the family Lithostrotionidae. The type species is Arctistrotion variabilis; genus also contains "Lithostrotionella" wahooensis Armstrong (1972) and Arctistrotion simplex. |
|||
Axophyllum cozari[90] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rodríguez & Somerville |
Carboniferous (Viséan) |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Axophyllidae. |
|||
Axophyllum julianaense[90] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rodríguez & Somerville |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Axophyllidae. |
|||
Axophyllum spinosum[90] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rodríguez & Somerville |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Axophyllidae. |
|||
Axophyllum spiralum[90] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rodríguez & Somerville |
Carboniferous (Viséan) |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Axophyllidae. |
|||
Cambroctoconus kyrgyzstanicus[91] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Peel in Geyer et al. |
Cambrian (Amgan) |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu et al. |
Late Ediacaran |
A probable cnidarian, possibly related to Medusozoa. The type species is Haootia quadriformis. |
||||
Morenaphyllum[90] |
Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Rodríguez & Somerville |
Carboniferous |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Axophyllidae. The type species is M. antolinense; genus also includes new species M. boyerense, as well as "Carcinophyllum lonsdaleiforme" pauciseptata Bykova (1966) (raised to the rank of a distinct species). |
|||
Paraheritschioides compositus[89] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Stevens |
Carboniferous (Bashkirian) |
Wahoo Limestone |
A colonial coral belonging to the subclass Rugosa and the family Kleopatrinidae, a species of Paraheritschioides. |
||
Paraheritschioides katvalae[89] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fedorowski & Stevens |
Carboniferous (Moscovian) |
Saginaw Bay Formation |
A colonial coral belonging to the subclass Rugosa and the family Kleopatrinidae, a species of Paraheritschioides. |
||
Pareynia viacrucense[90] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rodríguez & Somerville |
Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Axophyllidae. |
|||
Sinobryon[93] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baliński, Sun & Dzik |
Ordovician (early Floian) |
Fenxiang Formation |
A hydrozoan, a member of Hydroidolina. The type species is Sinobryon elongatum. |
||
Thurispina[94] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Weyer |
Devonian (late Famennian) |
A member of Rugosa. The type species is Thurispina jogi. |
|||
Arthropods
Molluscs
Echinoderms
Conodonts
Newly described conodonts
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belodina longxianensis minor[95] |
Subsp. nov |
Valid |
Cai, Yuan & Wu |
Late Ordovician |
Lianglitag Formation |
A subspecies of Belodina longxianensis. |
||
Furnishina holmi[96] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bagnoli & Stouge |
Cambrian (late Furongian) |
A species of Furnishina. |
|||
Gobduntaulepis[97] |
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
Early Ordovician |
A replacement name for Acantholepis Pianovskij in Pianovskij, Pianovskaja & Aleksandrova, 1989 (preoccupied). |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu et al. |
Permian–Triassic boundary |
A species of Hindeodus. |
||||
Icriodella rhodesi[99] |
Sp. nov |
Valid[100] |
Bergström & Ferretti |
Late Ordovician |
A species of Icriodella. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu et al. |
Earliest Triassic |
A species of Neogondolella. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Yang et al. |
Early Triassic (Induan) |
Feixianguan Formation |
A member of Ellisoniidae. The type species is Parafurnishius xuanhanensis. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett |
Devonian (early Emsian) |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||||
Polygnathus aragonensis[103] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez-Pérez & Valenzuela-Ríos |
Early Devonian |
Basibé Formation |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett |
Devonian (early Emsian) |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett |
Devonian (early Emsian) |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||||
Polygnathus carlsi[103] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez-Pérez & Valenzuela-Ríos |
Early Devonian |
Basibé Formation |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||
Polygnathus communis longanensis[104] |
Subsp. nov |
Valid |
Qie et al. |
Carboniferous (latest Tournaisian) |
Long’an Formation |
A polygnathid, a subspecies of Polygnathus communis. |
||
Polygnathus dujieensis[104] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Qie et al. |
Carboniferous (latest Tournaisian) |
Long’an Formation |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett |
Devonian (early Emsian) |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett |
Devonian (early Emsian) |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett |
Devonian (early Emsian) |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett |
Devonian (early Emsian) |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||||
Polygnathus ramoni[103] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez-Pérez & Valenzuela-Ríos |
Early Devonian |
Basibé Formation |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett |
Devonian (early Emsian) |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov, Slavík & Blodgett |
Devonian (early Emsian) |
A polygnathid, a species of Polygnathus. |
||||
Siphonodella nandongensis[105] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Early Carboniferous |
Baping Formation |
A species of Siphonodella. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bagnoli & Stouge |
Cambrian (late Furongian) |
Alum Shale Formation |
A species of Westergaardodina. |
|||
Fishes
Amphibians
Basalmost tetrapods
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weberepeton[106] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Clément & Lebedev |
Late Devonian (late Frasnian) |
Probably Smota-Lovat’ Formation |
A member of Elginerpetontidae. The type species is Weberepeton sondalensis. |
||
Temnospondyls
Research
- Specimens of Micromelerpeton crederni with abnormalities in their limbs interpreted as a result of limb regeneration are described by Fröbisch, Bickelmann and Witzmann (2014).[107]
New taxa
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sidor, Steyer & Hammer |
Middle Triassic |
A capitosauroid. The type species is Antarctosuchus polyodon. |
||||
Leptorophus raischi[109] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schoch |
Early Permian |
A branchiosaurid, a species of Leptorophus. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[111] |
Schoch, Milner & Witzmann |
Middle Triassic (late Ladinian) |
A plagiosaurid. The type species is Megalophthalma ockerti. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Schoch & Milner |
Early Permian |
An amphibamid. The type species is Nanobamus macrorhinus. |
||||
Chroniosuchians
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shishkin, Novikov & Fortuny |
Early Triassic |
A bystrowianid chroniosuchian, a species of Dromotectum. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu et al. |
Late Permian |
Shangshihezi Formation |
A bystrowianid chroniosuchian, a species of Dromotectum. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu et al. |
Late Permian |
Shangshihezi Formation |
A bystrowianid chroniosuchian. The type species is Jiyuanitectum flatum. |
|||
Vyushkoviana[113] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Shishkin, Novikov & Fortuny |
Early Triassic |
A bystrowianid chroniosuchian. The type species is Vyushkoviana operta. |
|||
Lissamphibians
Research
- The humerus bone of a large calyptocephalellid anuran, apparently one of the largest fossil anurans known to date, is described by Otero et al. (2014) from the Eocene of Chile.[115]
New taxa
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Roček et al. |
Early middle Eocene |
A relative of the European spadefoot toads, a species of Eopelobates. |
||||
Ichthyopterygians
Research
- Anatomy, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Cretaceous ophthalmosaurids Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi and Pervushovisaurus bannovkensis are reevaluated by Fischer et al. (2014).[117]
New taxa
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Roberts et al. |
Late Jurassic |
An ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur. The type species is Janusaurus lundi. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fischer et al. |
Early Cretaceous (early Aptian) |
An ophthalmosaurine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur. The type species is Leninia stellans. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fischer et al. |
Cretaceous (early Albian to early Cenomanian) |
Cambridge Greensand |
A platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur. The type species is Sisteronia seeleyi. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Arkhangelsky & Zverkov |
Late Jurassic |
An ophthalmosaurine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur, a species of Undorosaurus. |
||||
Sauropterygians
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Otero et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
A plesiosaur, a species of Aristonectes. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Maisch |
Middle Triassic (earliest Anisian) |
A species of Cymatosaurus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Jiang et al. |
Early Triassic (Olenekian) |
Nanlinghu Formation |
A basal member of Eosauropterygia. The type species is Majiashanosaurus discocoracoidis. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu et al. |
Middle Triassic (Anisian) |
A nothosaur, a species of Nothosaurus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Renesto, Binelli & Hagdorn |
Middle Triassic (Anisian) |
Besano Formation |
A pachypleurosaur. The type species is Odoiporosaurus teruzzii. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Klein & Scheyer |
Middle Triassic (early Anisian) |
Vossenveld Formation |
A placodont. The type species is Pararcus diepenbroeki. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gasparini & O'Gorman |
Late Jurassic (middle Tithonian) |
Vaca Muerta Formation |
A species of Pliosaurus. |
|||
Lepidosaurs
Newly named rhynchocephalians
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kawasphenodon peligrensis[129] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Apesteguia, Gómez & Rougier |
Palaeocene |
Salamanca Formation |
An opisthodontian sphenodontid, a species of Kawasphenodon. |
||
Priosphenodon minimus[130] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Apesteguia & Carballido |
Early Cretaceous |
An eilenodontine sphenodontid, a species of Priosphenodon. |
|||
Newly named lizards
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bolet et al. |
Miocene (11.6 Mya) |
Vallès-Penedès Basin |
An amphisbaenian, a species of Blanus. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid[133] |
Čerňanský, Rage & Klembara |
Early Miocene |
An amphisbaenian, a species of Blanus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[135] |
Simões, Caldwell & Kellner |
Early Cretaceous |
A scleroglossan lizard with scincomorph affinities. The type species is Calanguban alamoi. |
||||
Dakotaseps[136] |
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Nydam |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A member of Scincomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement, assigned by Nydam (2013) to an informal paramacellodid-cordylid grade;[137] a replacement name for Dakotasaurus Nydam (2013) (preoccupied). |
|||
Funiusaurus[138] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Xu et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
A member of Polyglyphanodontidae. The type species is Funiusaurus luanchuanensis. |
|||
Maioricalacerta[139] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bailon et al. |
Early Pliocene (Zanclean) |
A member of Lacertidae. The type species is Maioricalacerta rafelinensis. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bolet & Augé |
Late Eocene |
A member of Scincoidea, possibly a skink. The type species is Pyrenasaurus evansae. |
||||
Newly named snakes
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adinophis[141] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pritchard et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member of Madtsoiidae. The type species is Adinophis fisaka. |
|||
Indophis fanambinana[141] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pritchard et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member of Nigerophiidae, a species of Indophis. |
|||
Rukwanyoka[142] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
McCartney et al. |
Oligocene |
Nsungwe Formation |
The most ancient booid snake and boa from Africa. The type species is Rukwanyoka holmani. |
||
Seismophis[143] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hsiou et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A snake of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a relative of Najash rionegrina. The type species is Seismophis septentrionalis. |
|||
Turtles
Newly named turtles
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
de Lapparent de Broin et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
Oulad Abdoun Basin |
A sea turtle, a member of Dermochelyoidae. The type species is Alienochelys selloumi. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Havlik, Joyce & Böhme |
Miocene (Langhian) |
A relative of the pig-nosed turtle, a species of the (possibly paraphyletic) genus Allaeochelys. |
||||
Ashleychelys[146] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Weems & Sanders |
Oligocene |
A pancheloniid sea turtle. The type species is Ashleychelys palmeri. |
|||
Atolchelys[147] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Romano et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Barremian) |
Morro do Chaves Formation |
A bothremydid pleurodiran. The type species is Atolchelys lepida. |
||
Brodiechelys royoi[148] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García, Gasulla & Ortega |
Early Aptian |
A xinjiangchelyid, a species of Brodiechelys. |
|||
Cheirogaster bacharidisi[149] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Vlachos, Tsoukala & Corsini |
Pliocene |
Gonia Formation |
A tortoise, originally described as a species belonging to the genus Cheirogaster. Subsequently, transferred by Pérez-García & Vlachos (2014) to the genus Titanochelon.[150] |
||
Eodortoka[151] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García, Gasulla & Ortega |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
A dortokid, a member of the clade Pan-Pleurodira (containing living pleurodirans and all turtles that are more closely related to them than to cryptodirans). The type species is Eodortoka morellana. |
|||
Gobiapalone[152] |
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov |
Valid[153] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Maastrichtian) |
Barun Goyot Formation |
A trionychine trionychid. Genus contains new species Gobiapalone breviplastra, as well as "Amyda" orlovi Khosatzky (1976). |
||
Hylaeochelys kappa[154] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García & Ortega |
Late Jurassic (Tithonian) |
Freixial Formation |
A basal member of Eucryptodira, a species of Hylaeochelys. |
||
Judithemys kranzi[155] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Weems |
Paleocene (early Thanetian) |
A member of (likely paraphyletic) group "Macrobaenidae", a species of Judithemys. |
|||
Nemegtemys[152] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[153] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A cyclanorbine trionychid. The type species is Nemegtemys conflata. |
|||
Osonachelus[156] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
de Lapparent de Broin et al. |
Eocene (late Bartonian) |
Vic-Manlleu Marls Formation |
A cheloniid sea turtle. The type species is Osonachelus decorata. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Weems & Sanders |
Oligocene |
A pancheloniid sea turtle; a species of Procolpochelys. |
||||
Riodevemys[157] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[158] |
Pérez-García, Royo-Torres & Cobos |
Late Jurassic |
A pleurosternid paracryptodiran. The type species is Riodevemys inumbragigas. |
|||
Tacuarembemys[159] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Perea et al. |
Late Jurassic or earliest Cretaceous |
Tacuarembó Formation |
A turtle of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Tacuarembemys kusterae. |
||
Titanochelon[150] |
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García & Vlachos |
Early Miocene to early Pleistocene |
Austria |
A tortoise; a new genus for "Testudo" bolivari Hernández-Pacheco (1917). Genus also contains "Testudo" eurysternum Gervais (1848–1852), "Testudo" ginsburgi de Broin (1977), "Testudo" vitodurana Biedermann (1862), "Cheirogaster" steinbacheri Karl (1996), "Testudo" leberonensis Depéret (1890), "Testudo" schafferi Szalai (1931), "Testudo" perpiniana Depéret (1885) and "Cheirogaster" bacharidisi Vlachos et al. (2014). Genus might also contain "Testudo" gymnesicus Bate (1914). |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid[153] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Santonian) |
A trionychine trionychid, a species of Trionyx sensu lato. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Vitek & Danilov |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A trionychid, a species of Trionyx sensu lato. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid[153] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A trionychine trionychid, a species of Trionyx sensu lato. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid[153] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A trionychine trionychid, a species of Trionyx sensu lato. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid[153] |
Danilov et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A trionychine trionychid, a species of Trionyx sensu lato. |
||||
Archosauromorphs
Basal archosauromorphs
Research
- A redescription of Tasmaniosaurus triassicus is published by Ezcurra (2014).[161]
- A revision of anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the archosauriform Dorosuchus neoetus is published by Sookias et al. (2014).[162]
- A revision of putative euparkeriids from the Triassic of China is published by Sookias et al. (2014).[163]
New taxa
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ezcurra, Scheyer & Bulter |
Late Permian (Wuchiapingian) |
A non-archosauriform archosauromorph, probably a protorosaurian. The type species is Aenigmastropheus parringtoni. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gower et al. |
Early Triassic (late Olenekian) |
Burgersdorp Formation |
An erythrosuchid archosauriform, a species of Garjainia. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid[167] |
Mukherjee & Ray |
Late Triassic |
A rhynchosaur, a species of Hyperodapedon. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid[169] |
Ezcurra & Butler |
Early Triassic |
A proterosuchid archosauriform, a species of Proterosuchus. |
||||
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Trotteyn & Ezcurra |
Late Triassic (late Carnian or earliest Norian) |
A proterochampsid archosauriform; a new genus for "Chanaresuchus" ischigualastensis Trotteyn, Martínez & Alcober (2012). |
||||
Pseudosuchians
Research
- A study of anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum, Turfanosuchus dabanensis and Yonghesuchus sangbiensis is published by Butler et al. (2014).[171]
- A study of jaw mechanism and dental function in heterodont crocodyliforms is published by Ősi (2014).[172]
- The atoposaurid crocodyliform genus Alligatorellus is revised by Tennant and Mannion (2014).[173]
New taxa
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Blanco et al. |
Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian) |
An eusuchian crocodylomorph, a species of Allodaposuchus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hastings, Bloch & Jaramillo |
A dyrosaurid crocodyliform. The type species is Anthracosuchus balrogus. |
|||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Godoy et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
A baurusuchid crocodylomorph. The type species is Aplestosuchus sordidus. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pol et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
A sphagesaurid crocodylomorph, a species of Caipirasuchus. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martin et al. |
Late Palaeocene |
A member of Alligatoroidea, a species of Diplocynodon. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Young et al. |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) |
A teleosaurid crocodylomorph, a species of Machimosaurus. Considered to be a junior synonym of Machimosaurus hugii by Martin, Vincent & Falconnet (2015).[180] |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Nesbitt et al. |
Middle Triassic (Anisian) |
A member of Archosauriformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a pseudosuchian. The type species is Nundasuchus songeaensis. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Roberto-da-Silva et al. |
Late Triassic |
An aetosaur. The type species is Polesinesuchus aurelioi. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sertich & O’Connor |
Cretaceous (Aptian to Cenomanian) |
Galula Formation |
A peirosaurid crocodyliform. The type species is Rukwasuchus yajabalijekundu. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kellner, Pinheiro & Campos |
Paleocene (Itaboraian) |
A sebecid crocodylomorph. The type species is Sahitisuchus fluminensis. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Adams |
Early Cretaceous (late Aptian) |
A paralligatorid neosuchian crocodylomorph. The type species is Wannchampsus kirpachi. |
||||
Non-avian dinosaurs
Research
- A study of size changes and rates of anatomical innovation in the theropod lineage ancestral to birds is published by Lee et al. (2014).[186]
- A study of evolution of body size and forelimb length in birds and nov-avian coelurosaurian theropods is published by Puttick, Thomas and Benton (2014).[187]
- A phylogenetic analysis of bird and non-avian coelurosaurian theropod relationships and a study of rates of morphological evolution and changes in morphological disparity across the dinosaur-bird transition is published by Brusatte et al. (2014).[188]
- A description of abelisaurid teeth from the Late Jurassic Lourinhã Formation of Portugal and a phylogenetic analysis of theropod relationships based on dental characters is published by Hendrickx and Mateus (2014).[189]
- A study of theropod diversity in the Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of Tunisia is published by Fanti et al. (2014).[190]
- A juvenile specimen of Megaraptor namunhuaiquii is described by Porfiri et al. (2014).[191]
- A study of European fossil record of Ornithomimosauria is published by Allain et al. (2014).[192]
- A study of flight ability in some non-avian paravian theropods is published by Sorkin (2014).[193]
- "Saurornitholestes" robustus, initially thought to be a dromaeosaurid, is reinterpreted as a troodontid by Evans et al. (2014).[194]
- A well-preserved specimen of Microraptor zhaoianus is described by Pei et al. (2014).[195]
- A study of anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Antetonitrus ingenipes is published by McPhee et al. (2014).[196]
- Fragmentary partial skeleton of a small sauropod belonging to the genus Haplocanthosaurus collected from the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado is described by Foster & Wedel (2014).[197]
- The purported size of the holotype vertebra of Amphicoelias fragillimus is reevaluated by Woodruff and Foster (2014).[198]
- A study of phylogenetic relationships of Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis is published by Mocho, Royo-Torres and Ortega (2014).[199]
- A study of anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Aragosaurus ischiaticus is published by Royo-Torres et al. (2014).[200]
- A study of titanosaur osteoderms from the Upper Cretaceous Lo Hueco site in Cuenca, Spain is published by Vidal, Ortega and Sanz (2014).[201]
- A study of species richness of South American titanosaur assemblages during the Late Cretaceous is published by Vieira et al. (2014).[202]
- A study of the effect of intervertebral cartilage on neck posture of sauropod dinosaurs is published by Taylor (2014).[203]
- A study of the dentition of Manidens condorensis is published by Becerra et al. (2014).[204]
- A study of the postcranial anatomy of Heterodontosaurus tucki is published by Galton (2014).[205]
- A study of the impact of osteoderm placement on the centre of mass of stegosaurs is published by Mallison (2014).[206]
- A study of Early Cretaceous Spanish iguanodont ornithopod diversity and a description of new remains referrable to Delapparentia is published by Gasca, Canudo and Moreno-Azanza (2014).[207]
- A specimen of Edmontosaurus regalis with remains of a soft-tissue cranial crest is described by Bell et al. (2014).[208]
- A juvenile specimen of Edmontosaurus annectens is described by Prieto-Márquez (2014).[209]
- An assemblage of Psittacosaurus juveniles associated with a larger specimen from the Lujiatun beds of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning, China is described by Hedrick et al. (2014).[210]
- An aggregation of four juveniles of Protoceratops andrewsi from the Tugrikin Shire locality of the Djadokhta Formation in Central Gobi region, Mongolia and two associated subadults of the same species from the same locality are described by Hone et al. (2014).[211]
- A study of ontogenetic changes in the craniofacial skeleton of Centrosaurus apertus is published by Frederickson and Tumarkin-Deratzian (2014).[212]
- A new specimen attributable to Arrhinoceratops brachyops is described by Mallon et al. (2014).[213]
- A new specimen of Spinosaurus is described by Ibrahim et al., with a controversial reconstruction of Spinosaurus as a quadrupedal semi-aquatic genus.[214]
- Two new specimens of the previous enigma Deinocheirus are described and analysed by Lee et al. (2014).[215]
- A tiny theropod was found in the South Korea. (2014)
New taxa
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gates et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid. The type species is Adelolophus hutchisoni. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dalman |
Late Jurassic (Tithonian) |
An allosauroid theropod, a species of Allosaurus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Early Cretaceous (Barremian-early Aptian) |
A stegosaur. The type species is Amargastegos brevicollus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[219] |
||||
Gen. et. sp. nov |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) |
A basal thyreophoran. The type species is Andhrasaurus indicus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[219] |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Lamanna et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
A caenagnathid theropod. The type species is Anzu wyliei. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Farke et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A basal member of Neoceratopsia. The type species is Aquilops americanus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tortosa et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
An abelisaurid theropod. The type species is Arcovenator escotae. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sánchez-Hernández & Benton |
Early Cretaceous (early Barremian) |
A basal ceratosaurian. The type species is Camarillasaurus cirugedae. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Han et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A microraptorine dromaeosaurid theropod. The type species is Changyuraptor yangi. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Han et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
An ankylosaurid. The type species is Chuanqilong chaoyangensis. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) |
A huayangosaurid, a species of Chungkingosaurus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[219] |
||||
Sp. nov |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) |
A huayangosaurid, a species of Chungkingosaurus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[219] |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mo et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
Xinlong Formation |
A carcharodontosaur theropod. The type species is Datanglong guangxiensis. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Lacovara et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian or Maastrichtian) |
Cerro Fortaleza Formation |
A titanosaurian sauropod. The type species is Dreadnoughtus schrani. |
|||
Gen. et comb. nov |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) |
Cornbrash Formation |
A stegosaur; a new genus for "Omosaurus" vetustus von Huene (1910). According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[219] |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Escaso et al. |
Late Jurassic |
Alcobaça Formation |
A dryosaurid ornithopod. The type species is Eousdryosaurus nanohallucis. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Middle Jurassic (Callovian) |
A stegosaur. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[219] |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Dalman |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian/Tithonian) |
A theropod dinosaur. The type species is Fosterovenator churei. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tsuihiji et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A troodontid theropod. The type species is Gobivenator mongoliensis. |
||||
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
You, Li & Dodson |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
Zhonggou Formation |
A non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid; a new genus for "Probactrosaurus" mazongshanensis Lü (1997). |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
Hongqin Formation |
A mamenchisaurid sauropod. The type species is Huangshanlong anhuiensis. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Godefroit et al. |
A non-cerapodan neornithischian. The type species is Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus. |
|||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Barrett et al. |
Early Jurassic |
A basal ornithischian. The type species is Laquintasaura venezuelae. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gallina et al. |
Early Cretaceous (late Berriasian to Valanginian) |
Bajada Colorada Formation |
A diplodocine diplodocid sauropod. The type species is Leinkupal laticauda. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ryan et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. The type species is Mercuriceratops gemini. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fiorillo & Tykoski |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A tyrannosaurid theropod. The type species is Nanuqsaurus hoglundi. |
||||
Gen. et comb. nov |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) |
A stegosaurid; a new genus for "Stegosaurus" longispinus Gilmore (1914). According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; Galton and Carpenter made "S." longispinus the type species of a new genus Alcovasaurus.[219] |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
You et al. |
Early Jurassic |
A coelophysoid theropod. The type species is Panguraptor lufengensis. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Longrich |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
A ceratopsid, a species of Pentaceratops. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tsogtbaatar et al. |
Late Cretaceous (probably late Campanian) |
A non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid. The type species is Plesiohadros djadokhtaensis. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Lü et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A tyrannosaurid theropod. The type species is Qianzhousaurus sinensis. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
González Riga & Ortiz David |
Late Cretaceous (Turonian) |
A titanosaur sauropod related to Mendozasaurus and Futalognkosaurus. The type species is Quetecsaurus rusconii. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid[244] |
Gates & Scheetz |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A saurolophine hadrosaurid. The type species is Rhinorex condrupus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gorscak et al. |
Cretaceous (Aptian to Cenomanian) |
Galula Formation |
A titanosaur sauropod. The type species is Rukwatitan bisepultus. |
|||
Saldamosaurus[218] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Late Jurassic |
Saldam Formation |
A stegosaur. The type species is Saldamosaurus tuvensis. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[219] |
||
Sp. nov |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Early Jurassic (?Sinemurian-Pliensbachian) |
A basal thyreophoran, a species of Scelidosaurus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[219] |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Late Jurassic |
A stegosaur. The type species is Siamodracon altispinus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[219] |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Pliensbachian) |
A basal thyreophoran. The type species is Sinopeltosaurus minimus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[219] |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Langer et al. |
Earliest Jurassic |
A stem-averostran theropod. The type species is Tachiraptor admirabilis. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Saegusa and Ikeda |
Early Cretaceous (probably early Albian) |
Sasayama Group |
A titanosauriform sauropod, a member of Somphospondyli. The type species is Tambatitanis amicitiae. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hendrickx & Mateus |
Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian) |
A megalosauroid theropod, a species of Torvosaurus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Curry Rogers & Wilson |
Late Cretaceous |
A titanosaur sauropod. The type species is Vahiny depereti. |
||||
Sp. nov. |
Disputed |
Ulansky |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian} |
Khukhtyk Formation |
A stegosaur, a species of Wuerhosaurus. According to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[219] |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A titanosaur sauropod. The type species is Yongjinglong datangi. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Arbour, Currie & Badamgarav |
Late Cretaceous |
A member of Ankylosauridae. The type species is Zaraapelta nomadis. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mateus, Mannion & Upchurch |
Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian) |
A turiasaurian sauropod. The type species is Zby atlanticus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Xing et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Santonian) |
A non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid ornithopod. The type species is Zhanghenglong yangchengensis. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Arbour et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
An ankylosaurid. The type species is Ziapelta sanjuanensis. |
||||
Birds
Research
- A study on the antiquity of birds is published by Lee et al. (2014).[255]
- A new specimen of Archaeopteryx is described by Foth, Tischlinger and Rauhut (2014).[256]
- Zhongornis haoae, initially thought to be a bird, is argued to be a non-avian maniraptoran by O'Connor and Sullivan (2014).[257]
- A study of ecological disparity in Early Cretaceous birds is published by Mitchell and Makovicky (2014).[258]
- A subadult specimen of Zhouornis hani is described by Zhang et al. (2014).[259]
- A study of the species status of the moa from the genus Euryapteryx is published by Huynen and Lambert (2014).[260]
- A study of growth in the moa from the genus Euryapteryx is published by Huynen et al. (2014).[261]
- A study of tbx5 gene of the moa from the genus Dinornis is published by Huynen et al. (2014).[262]
- Fossil remains of a relative of the hoatzin, possibly a species belonging to the genus Namibiavis, from the middle Miocene of Kenya, are described by Mayr (2014).[263]
- A specimen of Pumiliornis tessellatus with preserved stomach contents including pollen grains is described by Mayr and Wilde (2014).[264]
- A Late Pleistocene specimen of griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) with exceptionally well preserved fossilized soft tissues is described from the Alban Hills volcanic region, Italy by Iurino et al. (2014).[265]
New taxa
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aegypius varswaterensis [266] |
Sp nov. |
Valid |
Albrecht Manegold, Marco Pavia, Pippa Haarhoff |
Early Pliocene |
Varswater Formation |
An Aegypius sp. related to the cinereous vulture |
||
Sp nov. |
Valid |
Zelenkov & Kurochkin |
Late Pleistocene |
A species of Anser. |
||||
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Mayr & R. Paul Scofield |
Waipara Greensand |
An incertae sedis Neognathae, Monotypic with A. lovei. |
||||
Gen. et Comb. nov. |
Valid |
Mayr & Pavia |
||||||
Baselrallus intermedius [270] |
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
De Pietri, |
A member of the Rallidae. The type species of the new genus. |
||||
Caracara seymouri [271] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Suarez & Olson |
A Caracara, Falconidae. |
||||
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A member of the Sturnidae, it is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
Eopengornis martini [273] |
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang, O'Connor, Zheng, |
A member of the Enantiornithes, it is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Eudyptes calauina [274] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Hoffmeister, Carrillo Briceño, & Nielsen |
Horcon Formation |
An extinct crested penguin. |
|||
Evgenavis nobilis [275] |
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
O’Connor, Averianov, & Zelenkov |
Aves incertae sedis. it is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Falco hezhengensis [276] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Zhiheng, Zhonghe, Tao, |
Linxia Basin |
A member of the Falconidae. |
|||
Fortunguavis xiaotaizicus [277] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang Min Jingmai K. O’Connor |
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Gansus zheni [278] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Di Liu Yuguang Zhang Alyssa Bell Qingjin Meng Qiang Ji Xuri Wang |
Early Cretaceous |
An early member of Ornithuromorpha Chiappe, 2002, a species of Gansus. |
|||
Garganornis ballmanni [279] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Hanneke J. M. Meijer |
Fissure fillings |
A member of the Anseriformes, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Genucrassum bransatensis [280] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Vanesa L. De Pietri |
MP 30; 23.03 Mya |
A stone-curlew, Burhinidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Grabauornis lingyuanensis[281] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Johan Dalsätt Per G.P. Ericson |
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
?Ibidopodia chavrochensis [282] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Vanesa L. De Pietri |
Early Miocene |
Chavroches MN 2 |
An Idiornithid, Idiornithidae Cariamiformes, possibly a species of Ibidopodia Milne-Edwards, 1868. |
||
?Ibidopodia minuta [282] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Vanesa L. De Pietri |
Early Miocene |
Saulcet |
An Idiornithid, Idiornithidae Cariamiformes, possibly a species of Ibidopodia Milne-Edwards, 1868. |
||
Iteravis huchzermeyeri[283] |
Gen. nov. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Shuang Zhou Jingmai K. O’Connor Min Wang |
A basal member of the Ornithuromorpha Chiappe, 2002. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Ulysse Lefèvre Dongyu Hu François Escuillié |
A member of Avialae Gauthier, 1986, a species of Jeholornis Zhou et Zhang, 2002. |
|||||
Limnofregata hutchisoni [285] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid[286] |
Thomas A. Stidham |
A member of Fregatidae, a species of Limnofregata. |
||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang Min Jingmai K. O'Connor Nikita V. Zelenkov |
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981 related to Bohaiornis. This is the type species of new genus. |
|||||
Mergellus mochanovi [267] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Nikita V. Zelenkov |
Late Pleistocene |
A member of the Anatidae related to the smew, a species of Mergellus. |
|||
Mergus milleneri [288] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Alan J. D. Tennyson |
A member of the Anatidae. |
||||
Nectornis africanus [289] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A cormorant, Phalacrocoracidae, a species of Nectornis Cheneval, 1984. |
|||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jamie R. Wood Kieren J. Mitchell R. Paul Scofield Alan J. D. Tennyson in Wood et al. |
A New Zealand parrot belonging to the family Nestoridae Bonaparte, 1849, a species of Nestor. |
|||||
?Nupharanassa mabokoensis [289] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A jacana, Jacanidae, possibly a species of Nupharanassa Rasmussen, Olson et Simons, 1987. |
|||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang Min Jingmai K. O’Connor Nikita V. Zelenkov |
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981 related to Bohaiornis. The type species of the new genus, placed in the family Bohaiornithidae Wang, Zhou, O’Connor et Zelenkov, 2014 with de genera Shenqiornis Wang, O’Connor, Zhao, Chiappe, Gao et Cheng, 2010, Sulcavis O’Connor, Zhang, Chiappe, Meng, Quanguo et Di, 2013, Zhouornis Zhang, Chiappe, Han et Chinsamy, 2013, Longusunguis Wang, Zhou, O’Connor et Zelenkov, 2014 and Bohaiornis Hu, Hou L. H. et Xu, 2011. |
|||||
Parvavis chuxiongensis [291] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang Min Xu Guanghui |
Jiangdihe Formation |
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. The type species of the new genus. |
|||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Daniel T. Ksepka |
Early Chattian |
USA: |
A member of the Pelagornithidae Fürbringer, 1888, a species of Pelagornis Lartet, 1857; the bird with the biggest wingspan known up to now. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Zhou Shuang Jingmai K. O'Connor |
A basal member of the Ornithuromorpha Chiappe, 2002. This is the type species the new genus. |
|||||
Plotornis graculoides [269] |
Comb. nov. |
Valid |
Marco Pavia |
MN 1-2 |
A member of the Diomedeidae, a new name for "Chenornis" graculoides Portis 1884, creating a Comb. nov. |
|||
Protoazin parisiensis [294] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Vanesa L. De Pietri |
A relative of the hoatzin, Opisthocomidae. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Sobniogallus albinojamrozi [295] |
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Tomek, Bocheński, Wertz, & Świdnicka |
Krosno Formation |
Galliformes incertae sedis. This is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Tianyuornis cheni [296] |
Gen. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Xiao-Ting, O'Connor, |
A member of the Hongshanornithidae, the type species of the new genus. |
Pterosaurs
Research
- A study of pneumaticity of pterosaur wing bones is published by Martin and Palmer (2014).[297]
- A complete and fully articulated juvenile specimen of Scaphognathus crassirostris is described by Bennett (2014).[298]
- Partial 3D egg of Pterodaustro guinazui is described by Grellet-Tinner et al. (2014).[299]
- Cearadactylus atrox is redescribed by Vila Nova et al. (2014).[300]
- The taxonomy and distribution of the family Azhdarchidae is reviewed by Averianov (2014).[301]
- A reevaluation of the fossil material attributed to Bakonydraco galaczi, indicating that the fossils actually represent at least two pterosaur taxa, is published by Prondvai, Bodor and Ősi (2014).[302]
- A study of medullary bone-like tissue in the mandibular symphyses of Bakonydraco galaczi is published by Prondvai and Stein (2014).[303]
New taxa
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Vidovic & Martill |
Late Jurassic |
A member of Pterodactyloidea related to Gladocephaloideus, Cycnorhamphus, Ardeadactylus and Aurorazhdarcho; a new genus for "Pterodactylus" scolopaciceps Meyer (1860). |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jiang et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A species of Boreopterus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Manzig et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
Bauru Basin, Caiuá Group, Goio-Erê Formation |
A tapejarid. The type species is Caiuajara dobruskii. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A member of Pteranodontoidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Hamipterus tianshanensis. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
A non-anhanguerian pteranodontoid. The type species is Ikrandraco avatar. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Andres, Clark & Xu |
Middle-Late Jurassic boundary |
An early member of Pterodactyloidea. The type species is Kryptodrakon progenitor. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bantim et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian or Albian) |
Romualdo Formation |
A member of Anhangueridae. The type species is Maaradactylus kellneri. |
|||
Other reptiles
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Macdougall & Reisz |
Early Permian |
A nyctiphruretid parareptile. The type species is Abyssomedon williamsi. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng et al. |
Middle Triassic (Anisian) |
A marine reptile, probably a relative of sauropterygians. The type species is Atopodentatus unicus. |
||||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Reisz, Macdougall & Modesto |
Early Permian |
A parareptile relative of lanthanosuchoids, a species of Delorhynchus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Chen et al. |
Early Triassic |
Jialingjiang Formation |
A hupehsuchian. The type species is Eohupehsuchus brevicollis. |
|||
Horaffia[315] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Klein & Hagdorn |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
A marine diapsid reptile of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Horaffia kugleri. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Triassic |
A member of Saurosphargidae, a species of Largocephalosaurus. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Chen et al. |
Early Triassic |
Jialingjiang Formation |
A hupehsuchian. The type species is Parahupehsuchus longus. |
|||
Synapsids
Non-mammalian synapsids
Research
- A study of the anatomy of nasal cavity of Brasilitherium riograndensis is published by Ruf et al. (2014).[318]
- A study of the anatomy of the therocephalian Simorhinella baini and a taxonomic re-evaluation of the family Lycosuchidae is published by Abdala et al. (2014).[319]
New taxa
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abajudon[320] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Angielczyk et al. |
Permian |
Ruhuhu Formation |
A dicynodont of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Abajudon kaayai. |
||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Romano & Nicosia |
Permian |
Cala del Vino Formation |
A caseid. The type species is Alierasaurus ronchii. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Soares, Martinelli & De Oliveira |
Late Triassic (possibly early Norian) |
Riograndia Assemblage Zone of the Candelária Sequence (Santa Maria Supersequence) |
A prozostrodontian cynodont. The type species is Botucaraitherium belarminoi. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Reisz & Fröbisch |
Carboniferous (late Pennsylvanian) |
Calhoun Shale |
A member of Caseidae . The type species is Eocasea martini. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Maisch & Matzke |
Early Triassic |
Jiucaiyuan Formation |
A kannemeyeriiform dicynodont . The type species is Sungeodon kimkraemerae. |
|||
Mammals
Other animals
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akmolina? tubulus[325] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Percival et al. |
Cambrian (Furongian) |
Sluice Box Formation |
A brachiopod belonging to the group Acrotretida and the family Ephippelasmatidae. |
||
Ascarites rufferi[326] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Da Silva et al. |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
An ascaridid nematode found in a cynodont coprolite, a species of Ascarites. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Muir et al. |
Ordovician (earliest Floian) |
Tonggao Formation |
A palaeoscolecid worm. The type species is Ashetscolex nuppus. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schemm-Gregory |
Devonian (late Givetian) |
An athyridid brachiopod, a species of Athyris. |
||||
Atraktoprion podolicus[329] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Szaniawski & Drygant |
Early Devonian (middle Lochkovian to Pragian) |
An atraktoprionid polychaete, a species of Atraktoprion. |
|||
Beethovenia[330] |
Gen. et 3 sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
García-Alcalde |
A strophodontid brachiopod. The type species is Beethovenia beethoveni; genus also includes new species B. bachi and B. brahmsi, as well as B. acutiplicata (Oehlert & Davoust, 1879) and possibly "Stropheodonta" steiningeri Drevermann (1907). |
||||
Cambroskiadeion[331] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Moore, Porter & Li |
Early Cambrian |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement with a cap-shaped shell. The type species is Cambroskiadeion xiaowanense. |
|||
Cirpa alkayae[332] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Vörös |
Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) |
A wellerellid rhynchonellid brachiopod, a species of Cirpa. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Vinn, Jarochowska & Munnecke |
Silurian (Wenlock) |
Halla Formation |
A member of Cornulitida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Conchicolites. |
|||
Eklexibella[334] |
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Keupp, Gründel & Wiese |
Early Jurassic (late Pliensbachian) |
A terebellid polychaete. Genus contains two species: Eklexibella buttenheimensis and Eklexibella johanni. |
|||
Enalikter[335] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Siveter et al. |
Silurian |
Herefordshire Lagerstätte |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement; it might be a megacheiran arthropod[335][336] or an annelid.[337] The type species is Enalikter aphson. |
||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu & Xiao in Liu et al. |
Cambrian (Fortunian) |
Kuanchuanpu Formation |
A priapulid-like scalidophoran. The type species is Eopriapulites sphinx. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ma et al. |
Cambrian |
Chengjiang Lagerstätte |
A member of Priapulida. The type species is Eximipriapulus globocaudatus. |
|||
Filihernodia[340] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Taylor & Wilson in Frey et al. |
Early Devonian (Pragian) |
A reptariid hederellid. The type species is Filihernodia buccina. |
|||
Haplistion toftanum[341] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rhebergen & Botting |
Silurian (Telychian) |
A haplistiid spirosclerophorid demosponge, a species of Haplistion. |
|||
Hyalonema vetteri[342] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Janussen |
Late Cretaceous (Coniacian) |
Arnager Formation |
A hexactinellid sponge, a species of Hyalonema. |
||
Leoniorthis rubeli[343] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hints |
Ordovician |
A brachiopod belonging to the group Orthida and the family Orthidae. |
|||
Lindstroemispongia[341] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rhebergen & Botting |
Silurian (Telychian) |
An astylospongiid streptosclerophorid demosponge. The type species is Lindstroemispongia cylindrata. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cong et al. |
Early Cambrian |
A member of Anomalocarididae (a group of animals with uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly stem-arthropods). The type species is Lyrarapax unguispinus. |
||||
Maruia[325] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Percival et al. |
Cambrian (Furongian) |
Sluice Box Formation |
A brachiopod, possibly a member of Acrotretida. The type species is M. castellum. |
||
Mirilingula antipodes[325] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Percival et al. |
Cambrian (Furongian) |
Sluice Box Formation |
A brachiopod belonging to the group Linguloidea and the family Lingulellotretidae. |
||
Multistella leipnitzae[341] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rhebergen & Botting |
Silurian (Telychian) |
An anthaspidellid orchocladine demosponge, a species of Multistella. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
García-Bellido et al. |
Cambrian |
A member of Vetulicolida. The type species is Nesonektris aldridgei. |
||||
Nidelric[346] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hou et al. |
Early Cambrian |
Heilinpu Formation |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a member of Chancelloriida or a chancelloriid-like animal. The type species is Nidelric pugio. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mao, Wang & Zhao |
Cambrian |
A brachiopod, a species of Nisusia. |
||||
Norvegiograptus[348] |
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Early Ordovician |
A graptolite belonging to the family Dichograptidae. A new genus for "Didymograptus" liber Monsen (1937); genus also includes "Didymograptus" enshiensis Ni in Mu et al. (1979). |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jacquet, Brock & Paterson |
Early Cambrian |
Mernmerna Formation |
A member of Halkieriidae (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Oikozetetes. |
|||
Opetionella incompta[341] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rhebergen & Botting |
Silurian (Telychian) |
A demosponge, possibly a member of the group Hadromerida; a species of Opetionella. |
|||
Paleoxyuris[350] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hugot et al. |
Triassic |
A heteroxynematid oxyurid nematode known from an egg found in a cynodont coprolite. The type species is Paleoxyuris cockburni. |
|||
Phragmodictya jinshaensis[351] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Xinglian et al. |
Cambrian |
A hexactinellid sponge, a species of Phragmodictya. |
|||
Plicostropheodonta crassicosta[330] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
García-Alcalde |
Devonian (Emsian) |
A strophodontid brachiopod, a species of Plicostropheodonta. |
|||
Plicostropheodonta latronensis[330] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
García-Alcalde |
Devonian (Emsian) |
A strophodontid brachiopod, a species of Plicostropheodonta. |
|||
Polychaetaspis kozlowskii[329] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Szaniawski & Drygant |
Early Devonian (early Lochkovian) |
A polychaetaspid polychaete, a species of Polychaetaspis. |
|||
Postperissocoelia[341] |
Gen. et comb. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rhebergen & Botting |
A streptosolenid orchocladine demosponge. A new genus for "Perissocoelia" spinosa Rigby & Chatterton (1989); genus also contains new species Postperissocoelia gnisvardensis. |
||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Haug & Haug |
Cambrian |
A cycloneuralian worm. The type species is Pseudoperipatus hintelmannae. |
||||
Rogorthis[343] |
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Hints |
Ordovician (Darriwilian) |
Kandle Formation |
A brachiopod belonging to the group Orthida and the family Orthidae. The type species is "Cyrtonotella" pakriensis Rubel (1961). |
||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Muir et al. |
Ordovician (earliest Floian) |
Tonggao Formation |
A palaeoscolecid worm. The type species is Sanduscolex regularis. |
|||
Spiriferellina fredericksi[353] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tazawa |
Permian (Wordian) |
A spiriferellinid spiriferinid brachiopod. |
|||
Urphaenomenospongia[341] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rhebergen & Botting |
Silurian (Telychian) |
A glass sponge, possibly a member of Lyssacinosida. The type species is Urphaenomenospongia euplectelloides. |
|||
Waflascolex[354] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Ordovician (Tremadocian) |
A palaeoscolecid worm. The type species is Waflascolex changdensis. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Yang et al. |
Cambrian |
Hongjingshao Formation |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Wiwaxia. |
|||
Yuganotheca[356] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang, Li & Holmer in Zhang et al. |
Cambrian |
Heilinpu Formation |
A member of Lophophorata of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Yuganotheca elegans. |
||
Other organisms
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Droser et al. |
Precambrian |
Ediacara Fossil Site at Nilpena, Flinders Ranges |
"An organism of unknown affinities with a growth pattern convergent on that of extant fungi, lichens and encrusting algae".[357] The type species is Nilpenia rossi. |
|||
Palaeogaster[358] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Poinar, Alfredo & Baseia |
Early Cretaceous (late Albian) |
A fungus belonging to the group Sclerodermatineae. The type species is Palaeogaster micromorpha. |
|||
Plexus[359] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Joel, Droser & Gehling |
Precambrian |
A tubular, serially divided organism with a bilateral morphology of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Plexus ricei. |
|||
Wutubus[360] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Chen et al. |
Precambrian |
An annulated tubular organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Wutubus annularis. |
|||
Xylaria antiqua[361] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Poinar |
Eocene or Miocene |
A fungus belonging to the family Xylariaceae found in Dominican amber, a species of Xylaria. |
|||
References
- ↑ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ↑ Randal A. Mindell; Steven J. Karafit; Ruth A. Stockey (2014). "Bisexual Flowers from the Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) of Vancouver Island, Canada: Ambiplatanus washingtonensis gen. et sp. nov. (Platanaceae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 175 (6): 651–662. doi:10.1086/676306.
- 1 2 M. Prasad; H. Singh; S. K. Singh (2014). "Early Eocene Annona fossils from Vastan Lignite Mine, Surat district, Gujarat, India: age, origin and palaeogeographic significance". Current Science. 107 (10): 1730–1735.
- ↑ Jakub Sakala; Radek Vodrážka (2014). "A new species of Antarctoxylon: a contribution to the early angiosperm ecosystem of Antarctica during the late Cretaceous". Antarctic Science. 26 (4): 371–376. doi:10.1017/S095410201300076X.
- ↑ Julieta Gallego; María A. Gandolfo; N. Rubén Cúneo; Maria C. Zamaloa (2014). "Fossil Araceae from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, with implications on the origin of free-floating aquatic aroids". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 211: 78–86. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.08.017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Alexis Licht; Anaïs Boura; Dario De Franceschi; Stéphane Ducrocq; Aung Naing Soe; Jean-Jacques Jaeger (2014). "Fossil woods from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 202: 29–46. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2013.12.002.
- ↑ Gaurav Srivastava; R.C. Mehrotra (2014). "Phytogeographical Implication of Bridelia Will. (Phyllanthaceae) Fossil Leaf from the Late Oligocene of India". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e111140. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111140.
- 1 2 3 Mary Elizabeth Cerruti Bernardes-de-Oliveira; Maria Judite Garcia; Maria Cristina de Castro-Fernandes; Karoline Gonçalves Pereira (2014). "Fabáceas paleógenas da região sudeste de Minas Gerais, Formação Entre-Córregos, bacia de Aiuruoca, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 17 (3): 343–362. doi:10.4072/rbp.2014.3.06.
- ↑ Randal A. Mindell; Ruth A. Stockey; Graham Beard (2014). "Cascadiacarpa exilis sp. nov.: new fruits of Fagaceae from the Eocene of British Columbia". Botany. 92 (5): 377–387. doi:10.1139/cjb-2013-0247.
- ↑ Jing-Yu Wu; Su-Ting Ding; Qi-Jia Li; Zhen-Rui Zhao; Chong Dong; Bai-Nian Sun (2014). "A new species of Castanopsis (Fagaceae) from the upper Pliocene of West Yunnan, China and its biogeographical implications". Palaeoworld. 23 (3–4): 370–382. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2014.10.005.
- 1 2 P. I. Alekseev; A. B. Herman; S. V. Shchepetov (2014). "New angiosperm genera from Cretaceous sections of northern Asia". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. 22 (6): 606–617. doi:10.1134/S0869593814050025.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mahasin Ali Khan; Subir Bera (2014). "New lauraceous species from the Siwalik forest of Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya, and their palaeoclimatic and palaeogeographic implications". Turkish Journal of Botany. 38 (3): 454–464. doi:10.3906/bot-1308-35.
- ↑ Rashmi Srivastava; Gaurav Srivastava (2014). "Fossil fruit of Cocos L. (Arecaceae) from Maastrichtian-Danian sediments of central India and its phytogeographical significance". Acta Palaeobotanica. 54 (1): 67–75. doi:10.2478/acpa-2014-0003.
- ↑ Flaviana J. de Lima; Antônio A.F. Saraiva; Maria A.P. da Silva; Renan A.M. Bantim; Juliana M. Sayão (2014). "A new angiosperm from the Crato Formation (Araripe Basin, Brazil) and comments on the Early Cretaceous Monocotyledons". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 86 (4): 1657–1672. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201420140339.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Daniel J. Peppe; Leo J. Hickey (2014). "Fort Union Formation Fossil Leaves (Paleocene, Williston Basin, North Dakota, USA) Indicate Evolutionary Relationships Between Paleocene and Eocene Plant Species". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 55 (2): 171–189. doi:10.3374/014.055.0209.
- ↑ Clément Coiffard; Barbara A.R. Mohr; Mary E.C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira (2014). "Hexagyne philippiana gen. et sp. nov., a piperalean angiosperm from the Early Cretaceous of northern Gondwana (Crato Formation, Brazil)". Taxon. 63 (6): 1275–1286. doi:10.12705/636.17.
- ↑ Mário Miguel Mendes; Guido W. Grimm; João Pais; Else Marie Friis (2014). "Fossil Kajanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. from Portugal: floral evidence for Early Cretaceous Lardizabalaceae (Ranunculales, basal eudicot)". Grana. 53 (4): 283–301. doi:10.1080/00173134.2014.932431.
- ↑ Anumeha Shukla; R. C. Mehrotra; J. S. Guleria (2014). "A new fossil leaf of Kleinhovia L. from the early Eocene of India and its palaeoclimatic and phytogeographical significance". Journal of the Geological Society of India. 84 (2): 159–162. doi:10.1007/s12594-014-0118-y.
- 1 2 John G. Conran, Jennifer M. Bannister, Dallas C. Mildenhall, Daphne E. Lee, Juliana Chacón and Susanne S. Renner (2014). "Leaf fossils of Luzuriaga and a monocot flower with in situ pollen of Liliacidites contortus Mildenh. & Bannister sp. nov. (Alstroemeriaceae) from the Early Miocene". American Journal of Botany. 101 (1): 141–155. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300351.
- ↑ Masamichi Takahashi; Patrick S. Herendeen; Xianghui Xiao; Peter R. Crane (2014). "Lauraceous Fossil Flowers from the Kamikitaba Assemblage (Coniacian, Late Cretaceous) of Northeastern Japan (Lauraceae)". Systematic Botany. 39 (3): 715–724. doi:10.1600/036364414X681464.
- ↑ Xiangchuan Li; Haofei Wang; Qin Leng; Liang Xiao; Junfeng Guo; Wenlong He (2014). "Paliurus (Paliureae, Rhamnaceae) from the Miocene of East China and its Macrofossil-based Phylogenetic and Phytogeographical History". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 88 (5): 1364–1377. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12304.
- ↑ María Jimena Franco; Mariana Brea; Rafael Herbst (2014). "Palmoxylon romeroi sp. nov., de la Formación Chiquimil (Mioceno Superior) del Valle de Santa María, Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 51 (6): 572–584. doi:10.5710/AMGH.15.09.2014.2811.
- ↑ N. P. Maslova; T. M. Kodrul; M. V. Tekleva; G. N. Aleksandrova (2014). "Platimeliphyllum reznikoviorum N. Maslova, sp. nov. (Angiospermae) and associated infructescence from the Paleogene of central Kazakhstan". Paleontological Journal. 48 (6): 688–700. doi:10.1134/S0031030114060094.
- ↑ Qian Hu; Yaowu Xing; Jinjin Hu; Yongjiang Huang; Hongjie Ma; Zhekun Zhou (2014). "Evolution of stomatal and trichome density of the Quercus delavayi complex since the late Miocene". Chinese Science Bulletin. 59 (3): 310–319. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-0038-z.
- ↑ Yuli He; Na Li; Zixi Wang; Haofei Wang; Guolin Yang; Liang Xiao; Jingyu Wu; Bainian Sun (2014). "Quercus yangyiensis sp. nov. from the Late Pliocene of Baoshan, Yunnan and Its Paleoclimatic Significance". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 88 (3): 738–747. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12234.
- ↑ Raymond J. Carpenter; Peter Wilf; John G. Conran; N. Rubén Cúneo (2014). "A Paleogene trans-Antarctic distribution for Ripogonum (Ripogonaceae: Liliales)?". Palaeontologia Electronica. 17 (3): Article number 17.3.39A.
- ↑ Rashmi Srivastava; Gaurav Srivastava; David L. Dilcher (2014). "Coryphoid Palm Leaf Fossils from the Maastrichtian–Danian of Central India with Remarks on Phytogeography of the Coryphoideae (Arecaceae)". PLOS ONE. 9 (11): e111738. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111738.
- ↑ Kenton L. Chambers; George O. Poinar, Jr. (2014). "Ticodendron palaios sp. nov. (Ticodendraceae), a Mid-Tertiary fossil flower in Dominican amber". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 8 (2): 559–564.
- ↑ Peter Wilf; Ignacio H. Escapa; N. Rubén Cúneo; Robert M. Kooyman; Kirk R. Johnson; Ari Iglesias (2014). "First South American Agathis (Araucariaceae), Eocene of Patagonia". American Journal of Botany. 101 (1): 156–179. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300327.
- ↑ S. V. Shczepetov; L. B. Golovneva (2014). "The Late Cretaceous Aarya flora of the northern Okhotsk region and phytostratigraphy of the lower part of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt section". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. 22 (4): 391–405. doi:10.1134/S086959381404008X.
- ↑ Chong Dong; Bai-Nian Sun; Jing-Yu Wu; Bao-Xia Du; Xiao-Hui Xu; Pei-Hong Jin (2014). "Structure and affinities of Athrotaxites yumenensis sp. nov. (Cupressaceae) from the Lower Cretaceous of northwestern China". Cretaceous Research. 47: 25–38. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.09.012.
- ↑ Else Marie Friis; Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen; Peter R. Crane (2014). "Welwitschioid diversity in the Early Cretaceous: evidence from fossil seeds with pollen from Portugal and eastern North America". Grana. 53 (3): 175–196. doi:10.1080/00173134.2014.915980.
- ↑ Zbynĕk Šimůnek (2014). "First cuticles of Cordaites Unger from the Stephanian B of the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin (Czech Republic)". Palaeontographica Abteilung B. 290 (4–6): 127–139.
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