Arbalest

Not to be confused with Arbalist (crossbowman).

Crossbowman cocking an arbalest

The arbalest (also arblast) was a late variation of the crossbow coming into use in Europe during the 12th century. A large weapon, the arbalest had a steel prod ("bow"). Since an arbalest was much larger than earlier crossbows, and because of the greater tensile strength of steel, it had a greater force. The strongest windlass-pulled arbalests could have up to 22 kN (5000 lbf) of force and be accurate up to 100 m. A skilled arbalestier (arbalester) could loose two bolts per minute.

Nomenclature

The term "arbalest" is sometimes used interchangeably with "crossbow". "Arbalest" is a Medieval French word originating from the Roman name arcuballista (from arcus ‘bow’ + ballista ‘missile-throwing engine’),^[1] which was then used for crossbows, although originally used for types of artillery. Modern French uses the word arbalète, which is linguistically one step further from the stem (disappearance of the s phoneme in the last syllable, before t).

The word applies to both crossbow and arbalest (the latter may be referred to as a heavy crossbow, but an actual heavy crossbow may not be the same as an arbalest). In some cases, the word has been used to refer to arbalists, the people who actually used the weapon.

References

Tanner, Norman P. (1990). Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1. Nicaea 1 to Lateran V. London / Washington, D.C.: Sheed & Ward. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 0-87840-490-2.
Bellamy, Alex J. (2006). Just Wars: From Cicero to Iraq. Polity. Page 32. ISBN 0-7456-3282-3.

↑ "arbalest". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (arbalist, arblast)

Archery

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Glossary of archery terms

Ancient mechanical artillery and hand-held missile weapons

Generic phrases	Greek and Roman artillery Ballista Catapult Torsion siege engine

Crew-served arrow-shooters	Carroballista Catapulta Oxybeles Polybolos Scorpio

Crew-served stone-projectors	Lithobolos Onager

Hand-held weapons	Cheiroballistra Crossbow Gastraphetes

Medieval mechanical artillery and hand-held missile weapons

Crew-served artillery	Catapult Mangonel Springald Trebuchet

Hand-held weapons	Arbalest Crossbow Skåne Lockbow

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