BBC Alba

This article is about the BBC's Gaelic-language television channel. For general Gaelic-language services from BBC Scotland, see BBC Gàidhlig.
BBC Alba
Launched 19 September 2008
Owned by BBC and MG Alba
Picture format 576i (16:9 SDTV)
Slogan A new channel for Scotland/Sianal Ùr Gàidhlig
Country Scotland
Language Scottish Gaelic
Headquarters Pacific Quay (Glasgow) and Stornoway
Website www.bbc.co.uk/alba/
Availability
Terrestrial
Freeview Channel 7 (Scotland only)
Satellite
Freesat Channel 109
Sky (UK only) Channel 142
Astra 2E 10803 H 22000 5/6[1]
Cable
Virgin Media Channel 161
Streaming media
BBC iPlayer Watch live (UK only)
TVPlayer Watch live (UK only)

BBC Alba is a Scottish Gaelic language digital television channel jointly owned by the BBC and MG Alba. The channel was launched on 19 September 2008 and is on-air for up to seven hours a day. The name Alba is the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland. The station is unique in that it is the first channel to be delivered under a BBC licence by a partnership and is also the first multi-genre channel to come entirely from Scotland with almost all of its programmes made in Scotland.[2][3][4]

The channel is available in Scotland via Freeview,[5] and throughout the UK on Sky, Freesat, Virgin Media, BBC iPlayer, and TVPlayer. BBC Alba has an average viewership of 637,000 adults over the age of 16 in Scotland each week.[6] BBC Alba got 4.1 million views on BBC iPlayer between 2012–2013.[6]

History

In 2007, the BBC Trust opened a consultation for a Gaelic digital service in partnership will the Gaelic Media Service. Following the BBC Trust consultation in November 2007, the Audience Council Scotland recommended their support for the creation of the service on 7 December 2007, stating that the Trust should pursue carriage of the service on digital terrestrial television and that existing "gaelic zone" programming on BBC Scotland should remain after the launch.[7][8] On 28 January 2008, the BBC Trust gave the go-ahead for a Gaelic channel.

The channel began broadcasting on satellite at 9:00pm on 19 September 2008 with a launch video featuring a new rendition of the Runrig song, Alba. The first part of a live céilidh from Skye, presented by Mary Ann Kennedy, was followed by a specially produced comedy drama entitled Eilbheas (Elvis), starring Greg Hemphill as Elvis Presley, at 9:30pm. The channel's first independent commission, Peter Manuel – Deireadh an Uilc? (Peter Manuel - The End of Evil?), a drama documentary produced by STV Productions, was shown at 10:30pm before the opening night closed with the second half of the live celidh from Skye. The launch night was simulcast on BBC Two Scotland between 9:00pm and 10:30pm and there was a launch event held at the National Museum of Scotland, which was recorded by the channel's news service An Là.

A study carried out for the channel indicated that 650,000 people watched BBC Alba per week in the first two months of broadcasting, in spite of only being available to around a third of Scots.[9] After being subject to a review by the BBC Trust and a recommendation from the Audience Council Scotland in 2009, a plan was announced to broadcast the channel on Freeview, in Scotland only, from the digital switchover (2010) under the proviso that reach of the service extended beyond the core Gaelic audience to 250,000. This was approved on 27 December 2010 by the BBC Trust[10] and the service launched on Freeview on 8 June 2011.[11] The channel also launched on Virgin Media (Scotland only) on 18 May 2011,[12][13] and was made available nationwide on the Virgin Media and Sky platforms, the former on 6 November 2012.

Operation

Pacific Quay in Glasgow, from where BBC Alba is transmitted.

BBC Alba is broadcast for up to seven hours a day in the United Kingdom on satellite platforms Sky and Freesat, cable provider Virgin Media and on digital terrestrial provider Freeview in Scotland only. Programmes are also available to watch on the internet live through services including the BBC iPlayer and some programmes are available for seven days after broadcast on this service and on catch up services of some other services.

The channel is financed from the BBC Scotland budget and by MG Alba, which itself is financed by the Scottish Government and UK Government. The BBC spent £8 million on the channel, of which £5 million was used for programming, in 2011/12[14] MG Alba applies the majority of its budget (£12.4 million in 2008/09) to the Gaelic Digital Service.

BBC Alba has four studios across Scotland, located in Stornoway, Glasgow, Inverness and Portree. Continuity and channel management is based in Stornoway while the news services are based in Inverness.[15] A short pre-recorded information program called Dè Tha Dol is sent from Stornoway and is played out at 7:55pm daily. BBC Scotland's headquarters at Pacific Quay in Glasgow is used to transmit the programmes.[16] The First Minister, Alex Salmond opened the new BBC Alba studio in Portree in August 2008 where he recorded a message for the launch of BBC Alba.[17]

Content

BBC Alba combines television, radio and on-line programme content, and is anticipated to have a positive impact at many levels including increasing artistic and technical skills, extending economic opportunities, stimulating parents' interest in Gaelic medium education, appealing to and serving the adult learners and strengthening Gaelic usage in extremely important media. It holds significant potential to assist with the development of positive attitudes to the acquisition and transmission of Gaelic. BBC Alba broadcasts more Scottish sport than any other channel, with over three hours a week of football, rugby and shinty. In addition, the station also broadcasts a live news programme for 30 minutes every weekday.

Programming

MG Alba and the BBC have announced that around ninety minutes of television content daily will be new material. Output on the station consists of news, current affairs, sport, drama, documentary, entertainment, education, religion and children's programming, broadcast on most days between 5pm and 12am. Sport programmes began on Saturday 20 September 2008 and news services on Monday 22 September 2008.[16]

Children's programmes are shown for two hours every weekday, between 17:00 and 19:00. Current affairs series Eòrpa and children's magazine show Dè a-nis? are broadcast on Thursday nights on BBC Alba and also continue to be shown on BBC Two Scotland at their usual timeslots on Thursdays.[18]

A nightly half-hour news programme, An Là, is aired on weeknights at 8:00pm with newsreaders Angela Maclean and Iain Maclean. Radio Personality of the Year, Derek 'Pluto' Murray, is their resident sports reporter. Spòrs on Saturday nights features weekly coverage of a selected SPL match. Rugby Beo broadcasts one live Magners League rugby union game a week, involving one of the competition's Scottish teams. A Gaelic-learning programme, Speaking our Language is re-broadcast on weeknights at 7:30pm. Former Eòrpa reporter, Derek Mackay hosts a weekly chat show, Cnag na Cùise, on Sunday nights. So far two series of current affairs documentary Trusadh has been commissioned as of 2010, which is sometimes presented by Donald MacSween.

BBC Alba also fund new programming, such as Fraochy Bay.

Subtitling

Most of the adult programming on BBC Alba contains on-screen English subtitles. For logistical reasons, live broadcasts (including the news) are not subtitled, although certain events (e.g. the annual Hogmanay broadcast Bliadhna Mhath Ùr) have scripted elements that are subtitled, while interviews and ad-libbed lines are not.

Children's programmes are not subtitled. Controversially, no English dialogue on the channel is subtitled into Gaelic.

Sport

BBC Alba concentrates on three sports: football, rugby and shinty.[19]

During the 2009-10 season, the station broadcast one full SPL game every Saturday night.[20] The game selected was always one not covered by either live Sky Sports or on an on-demand basis by BT Vision and was shown three hours after the end of the match.[21] The matches only included Gaelic commentary along with English subtitles.

The channel reached an agreement with the Scottish Football League to broadcast live football games during the 2008–09 season. This began with the final of the Challenge Cup, which was also sponsored by MG Alba.[22] BBC Alba then started broadcasting First Division games, beginning with the match between Airdrie United and Clyde on 22 February 2009.[22]

BBC Alba also struck a deal with the Scottish rugby authorities to show one live rugby, Scottish Premiership Division One match every weekend.[23]

For the 2015-16 season, BBC Alba will show 20 live matches (excluding Rangers) from either 2015-16 Scottish Championship (including the play-off final), League 1 or League 2 as well as four matches from the Scottish Challenge Cup. The station also altered their coverage of Scottish Premiership highlights, showing one hour highlights of two non-televised matches on a Saturday and Sunday night at 22:00. Other football coverage includes all Scotland U21's and Women's matches. As well as the final of the 2015-16 Scottish Junior Cup.

In 2010 BBC Alba bought the rights for Celtic League rugby jointly with public service broadcasters from the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and Wales.[24]

Independent production companies

A number of independent companies have been commissioned to produce content for the channel, or have productions currently airing. These include:

Criticism

Lack of Gaelic content and emphasis on English

The Gaelic community, including writers Aonghas MacNeacail, Angus Peter Campbell, Lisa Storey and musician Ailean Domhnullach (Gleann Uige), have criticised the non-availability of Gaelic subtitles, and the emphasis on English language interviews and reportage in the channel's content for adults. Writers and authors were reported by the BBC Gaelic news service as setting up a campaign, GAIDHLIG.TV, to increase Gaelic content on ALBA.[25] The decision to introduce 'red button facilities' to allow viewers to switch to English language sports commentary, first announced in August 2014 for rugby and the Guinness Pro12 series, was heavily criticised by the Gaelic community.[26] The criticism resulted in MG ALBA announcing publicly in the West Highland Free Press that the 'red button option' for English language commentary would not expand to other sports or areas of the channel.[27]

Sports programming

Critics have argued that the small number of viewers does not justify the £15m of licence payers' money spent on the digital television channel each year. Since its launch in September 2008, the BBC Alba channel has lost a third of its viewers, but its number of viewers remains five times larger than the size of the Gaelic speech community in Scotland (just over 58,000[28]). The historian Michael Fry has argued that many of its viewers only watch it for the football coverage, because "you don't need Gaelic to watch football", and that in this way the channel is "cheating". The model is, however, both common and intentional as it is on comparable channels such as the Irish language channel TG4, the Basque broadcaster EITB or the Welsh channel S4C. In Europe, these channels' main mission is not commercial, but the promotion of the minority language.

Freeview

Some criticism had been levied over the channel's addition to Freeview, primarily due to the BBC's original plan (with acceptance from the BBC Executive) to remove all 13 BBC Radio channels from Freeview for Scottish viewers over the period that BBC Alba will be shown on Freeview (between 5pm and midnight); however the criticism has not been directed at the BBC's decision to extend BBC Alba to Freeview in principle.[10][29] On 19 May 2011, it was reported that the BBC has backed down on the plans, after the BBC had "managed to reengineer facilities" to allow BBC Radio 1Xtra, 5 Live and 6 Music to continue to broadcast on a 24-hour basis.[30] The three stations were chosen because they have the highest evening audience ratings on digital television of the seven BBC radio stations unavailable on FM radio.[31] On 2 December 2013, it was confirmed that more radio stations were made available 24 hours in Scotland, but with some trade-offs.[32] BBC Radio 4, 4 Extra, 5 Live Sports Extra, BBC Radio Scotland and BBC Asian Network were restored, but as noted in the blog with some technical trade-offs, such as mono audio rather than stereo during the evenings on the radio stations mentioned and the audio bit rate of the TV channels in Scotland on Freeview reduced to 192kbit/s from 256kbit/s.

See also

References

  1. ↑ BBC. "Satellite frequencies" (PDF). Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  2. ↑ "Gaelic digital TV channel debated". BBC Online. 2007-08-29. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
  3. ↑ "Commissioning - BBC Alba". BBC. 2009-10-12. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  4. ↑ "Launch date for Gaelic TV channel". BBC News. 2008-08-13. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  5. ↑ "Trust approves BBC Alba carriage on Freeview". BBC Trust. 21 December 2010.
  6. 1 2 http://www.mgalba.com/downloads/reports/annual-report-12-13.pdf
  7. ↑ "Audience Council Scotland - Meeings". BBC. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  8. ↑ "Audience Council Scotland - Audience". BBC. 2008-02-15. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  9. ↑ "Viewer figure boost for Gaelic TV". BBC News. 2008-10-27. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  10. 1 2 "Trust approves BBC Alba carriage on Freeview". BBC. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
  11. ↑ "BBC Alba Freeview date unveiled". BBC News. 23 May 2011.
  12. ↑ "BBC Alba to Begin Broadcasting on Virgin TV". allmediascotland. 17 May 2011.
  13. ↑ "BBC Alba Launches on Virgin Media". 4RFV.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
  14. ↑ "The BBC Executive's Review and Assessment" (PDF). Annual Report and Accounts 2011/12. BBC. 2012. pp. 2–64. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  15. ↑ "MG Alba - Frequently Asked Questions". MG Alba. 2009-09-19. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  16. 1 2 "MG Alba Fios Naidheachd". Mgalba.com. 19 September 2008. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  17. ↑ "Media Briefing". www.scotland.gov.uk. 25 August 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  18. ↑ "Alba Eòrpa (English)". BBC. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  19. ↑ "SFL's delight at joy sponsorship deal for Challenge Cup". The Daily Record. 2009-08-11. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  20. ↑ "BBC Gaelic to screen SPL matches". BBC News. 2008-07-15. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  21. ↑ "Geamaichean a' Phrìomh Lìog air an t-Seirbheis Dhidseataich". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-03-23. (Scottish Gaelic)
  22. 1 2 BBC Alba to screen live SFL games, BBC Sport, 3 February 2009.
  23. ↑ Ferguson, David. "Scottish clubs agree to BBC Alba showing ten games live - Scotsman.com Sport". Sport.scotsman.com. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  24. ↑ Clutton, Graham (9 June 2010). "Celtic Rugby secure improved broadcast deal for Magners League coverage". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  25. ↑ "BBC Alba is not a Gaelic channel". BBCAlbaNews. 9 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  26. ↑ Ailean Domhnullach and Lisa Storey (11 September 2014). "English content on ALBA harmful to Gaelic development". West Highland Free. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  27. ↑ "Freagairt do draghan mu MG ALBA". West Highland Free Press. 11 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  28. ↑ "CnaG ¦ Census 2001 Scotland: Gaelic speakers by council area". Cnag.org.uk. Archived from the original on 27 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  29. ↑ "BBC Alba to be shown on Freeview". BBC News. 21 December 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  30. ↑ "BBC change of heart on digital radio 'simple common sense'". Scottish Lib Dems. 19 May 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011.
  31. ↑ "BBC Alba on Freeview". BBC Internet Blog. 24 May 2011.
  32. ↑ "I can hear it coming in the air tonight: the return of five radio stations in the evenings on Freeview in Scotland". BBC About the BBC Blog. 2 December 2013.

External links

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