Chhibramau

Chhibramau छिबरामऊ
city
Nickname(s): CBR
Chhibramau Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
Coordinates: 27°09′N 79°30′E / 27.15°N 79.50°E / 27.15; 79.50Coordinates: 27°09′N 79°30′E / 27.15°N 79.50°E / 27.15; 79.50
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
District	Kannauj
Government
• Member of Parliament	Smt. Dimpal Yadav [1]
Elevation	152 m (499 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	60,986
Languages
• Official	Hindi
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	209721
Member of Legislative Assembly from Chhibramau	Shri Arvind Singh Yadav
Chairman	Mr.Brijesh Gupta
District Magistrate	Mr. Anuj Kumar Jha

Chhibramau is a city with the status of "Nagar Palika Parishad" and a Subdivision of Kannauj district in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city is lying along the National Highway No. 91 (G.T. Road) on Delhi (Dadri) – Kanpur route. The nearest airport is at Lucknow (148 km) and Gursahaiganj Railway Station is the nearest railway station.

Geography

Chhibramau is located at 27°09′N 79°30′E / 27.150°N 79.500°E / 27.150; 79.500.^[2] It has an average elevation of 152 metres (499 ft). Shallow lakes (jhils) are commonly visible in Chhibramau tehsil, although many of these have disappeared due to rapid urbanization of small towns.

History

By the time of Akbar this city was the headquarters of a pargana. Early in the eighteenth century, Nawab Muhammad Khan of Farrukhabad founded a new quarter called Muhammadganj, with a fine sarai which was improved 100 years later by a British Collector. The town was administered under Act XX of 1856 during the British Raj, and prospered from its location on the grand trunk road. At present the great grand trunk road's stretch between Kanpur – Kannauj – Etah – Delhi is called National Highway No. 91 (NH-91). Until 1997 Chhibramau was in Farrukhabad district, but since that district was divided the town has been within the new Kannauj district.

The "Chhibramau Disaster" and Hodson's Adventure

At the time of the 1857 uprising, old hostilities between the Raja of Mainpuri and the Nawab of Farrukhabad nearly led to open war, but after a face-off between their forces in Bewar in July, both forces joined hands against British rule. The Raja did not oppose a British armed unit led by Sir James Hope Grant when it marched through the district in October, but in December he heard that Brigadier Seaton was coming with a small force from Etah to join General Walpole at Mainpuri, and advanced to Kuraoli with the intention of barring the road. Seaton, however, easily outmaneuvered the local forces, and the rebels fled in disorder, losing eight guns and about a hundred men. It was after this action that the famous Hodson of Hodson's Horse in 1857-58 carried out one of his most daring exploits. Accompanied by his second-in-command, McDowell, and 75 men, he rode across a countryside swarming with rebels to carry despatches to the Commander-in-Chief, Sir Colin Campbell. He left most of his men at Bewar, but pushed on to Chhibramau with McDowell and 25 native men. There he learnt that Campbell was not at Gursahaiganj as expected, but at Miran ki Sarai, 15 miles further. The two officers rode on alone and reached Campbell's camp in safety, having ridden 55 miles in ten hours without changing horses. On their return the same evening they were warned by a native, to whom Hodson had given alms in the morning, that after their departure a party of 2,000 rebels had entered Chhibramau, killed the twenty-five troopers left there, and were now waiting for Hodson's return. Hodson and his companion nevertheless pressed on and, reaching the village, dismounted and passed quietly through it, unnoticed by the enemy. At Bewar they found a party sent by Seaton, who had heard of the disaster, and next day marched to Chhibramau himself, joining forces there with Brigadier Walpole on 3 January and proceeding with him to Fatehgarh. The civil authorities then reoccupied the district, and regained complete control late in 1858.^[3]

Demographics

According to Census 2011 The Chhibramau Nagar Palika Parishad has population of 60,986 of which 31,661 are males while 29,325 are females as per report released by Census India 2011. which is 21.30 % more than the population of city according to Census 2001. Population of Chhibramau was 50,279 according to the 2001 census (47% female, 53% male).

Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 8107 which is 13.29 % of total population of Chhibramau (NPP). In Chhibramau Nagar Palika Parishad, Female Sex Ratio is of 926 against state average of 912. While Child Sex Ratio in Chhibramau is around 929 compared to Uttar Pradesh state average of 902. Literacy rate of Chhibramau city is 79.14 % higher than state average of 67.68 %. In Chhibramau, Male literacy is around 83.56 % while female literacy rate is 74.36 %.

Nagar Palika Parishad

Chhibramau is Nagar Palika Parishad in district of Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh. The whole Chhibramau city is divided into 25 wards for which Elections are held after every 5 years. There is supervision of Chairman for Nagar Palika Parishad in the City which is chosen by chhibramau nagar population of age above 18 year old.

Chhibramau Nagar Palika Parishad has total administration over 10,363 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorized to build roads within the city. Nagar Palika Parishad also impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction. In the city there are also some Government (Like Avas Vikas Colony, Kanshiram Colony ) and private authorized colonies (Like Geeta Nagar). which also provide water and sewerage facility to the members of their Colony.

Gram Panchayats- There are 90 Gram Panchayats in the City. For Gram Panchayat there is a provision of choosing Pradhan in every Gram Panchayat . For which elections are held after 5 year. Pradhan is considered as the head of the indivisual Panchayat of their own area.

For Electric facility there is a big Electric House in the city. which provides electric facility throughout in the city and to the villages which are nearby the city .

Festivals and Fairs

Hindu Festivals

The series of festivals commence with Sheetla Ashtmi, which falls on the 8th day of the first fortnight of Chaitra, the first month of the Hindu calendar, when goddess Sheetla is worshiped. The 9th day of the bright fortnight of that month is called Ram Navmi, when the birthday of Lord Rama is celebrated with great rejoicings and fairs are held at kalika devi mandir and other places of the town . The 10th day of the latter half of Jyaistha is called the Ganga or Jeth Dasahra, when the Hindus take a bath in the river. Nag Panchami falls on the 5th day of the bright half of Sravana, when the Nagas or serpent gods are worshiped by offering of milk, flowers and rice. On Raksha Bandhan, which falls on the 15th day of bright half of the same month, rakhis (thread symbolising protection) are tied by sisters around the right wrist of their brothers. Janmashtmi is observed on the 8th day of the dark half of Bhadra to commemorate the birth anniversary of Lord Krishna. The worship of Durga is continued for nine day during the bright half of Asvina, known as Nav-Ratri and the 9th day of that is known as Durga Naumi. The next day is Dussehra or Vijayadashami, dedicated to the worship of goddess Vijaya, also commemorating the victory of Rama over Ravana. The Ramlila celebrations are held at various places in the town. The 4th day of the bright half of Kartika is called Karva Chauth, when married women keep fast for the well-being of their husbands. Deepawali falls on the last day of the dark fortnight of Kartika, but festivities start two days earlier with Dhan Teras, celebrated as the birth day of Dhanvantri, the divine physician. On the main day of the festival every Hindu house is illuminated and the goddess Lakshmi is worshiped. On the third day of Deepawali, after Goverdhan and Chitragupta or Dawait puja, Bhaiya Dweej is celebrated when ladies put Roli mark (tika) on the forehead of their brothers. A big bathing festival is organised on Kartika Puranmashi, the full moon day, when people take a bath in the river Ganga. The Sakat Chauth falls on the 4th day of the dark half of Magha when the male children cut the figure of a goat made of til and their mothers keep fasts.

A fast is observed and the temples of Shiva are specially decorated for Maha Shivaratri(on this day Lord Shiva was married to the goddess Parvati). Fairs are organized in Gangeshwar Nath Mandir and other places in the town and its nearby villages.

Muslim Festivals

Festivals of Muslim community start with the Ashra (Muharram), which falls on the 10th day of Muharram. The first ten days of the month of Muharram are devoted to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Husain, the grandson of the Prophet of Islam and His companions on the battle field of Karbala, and are particularly observed as a mourning period by the Shias. On Ashra, the last of the ten days being the most important one, when Imam Husain was killed, the tazias are taken out in procession for burial at Karbala. Chehlum, on the 20th of Safar, failing on the 40th day from Ashra, usually marks the end of the period of mourning. On the 12th of the month of Rabi-ul-Awwal falls Barawafat which marks the birthday of Prophet Muhammad, when alms art distributed and discourses on His life and missions are held. Shabe-barat the 14th day of Shaban, is a festival of rejoicing marking the birth of the 12th Imam. It is celebrated by a display of fireworks, distribution of sweets, and fatiha prayers for the peace of the souls of departed ones. Ramzan is the month of fasting and on its expiry i.e. on visibility of the moon the festival of Id-ul-fitar is celebrated on Shawwal Ist by offering namaz in Idgahs and mosques, and exchanging gifts and greetings. The Id-ul-Zuha their last festival, is celebrated on the 10th of the month of Zilhij on this occasion The Muslims say their namaz (community prayers) in Idgah and sacrifice sheep and goats.

Sikh Festivals

The important festivals of Shikhs are the birthdays of Guru Nanak Deva and Guru Govind Singh when processions are taken out, congregational prayers are held in gurdwaras and extract from the holy Granth are recited. Their festivals are Baisakhi and Lohri, local fairs are held at gurdwaras on each occasion.

Christian Festivals

The important festivals of the Christians are Christmas, falling on 25 December, marking the birthday of Jesus Christ, Good Friday which commemorates his crucifixion, and Easter in memory of his resurrection. New Year's Day (1 January) is also celebrated by them and the Christmas celebrations usually end with new year.

Jain Festivals

They celebrate the birth and the nirvana anniversaries of the last Tirthankara, Mahavira, the former on the 13th day of the bright half of Chaitra and the latter on the Deepawali day. The Paryushan or the Dashalakshanaparva, during the last days of Kartika, Phalguna and Asadha are the periodical holy days when the devotees observe a fast and perform worship in temples.

Buddhist Festivals

The principal festival of the Buddhists is the Buddha Purnima, celebrated on the last day of Vaisakha, which marks the birthday of Buddha as well as his nirvana.

Dress

The people of Chhibramau have colorful and different attires. The Sari-blouse is the most favourite dress of ladies of all denominations, though women in Dupatta-kurta-salwar combinations are usually met with.

The best-known Chhibramau outfit is the 'Sari'. This graceful attire is a rectangular piece of Cloth, normally 5 to 6 meters in length and over a meter in width. It is worn without any pins or buttons or fastenings. The tightly fitted short blouse worn under a sari draped over the wearer's shoulder, is known as the Pallav or palloo. The style, color and texture of a saree varies from one to another and may be made from cotton, silk or one of several man-made materials. Its ageless charm is provided from the fact that it is not cut or tailored for any particular size, and can fit any woman.

Another form of outfit supported by Indian women is known as Salwar-suit. Kurta is a long tunic worn over pyjama like trousers, drawn in at the waist and ankles, known as 'Salwar', or a tight fitting trouser known as 'Chudidaar'. This dress is popular among the Muslim and Punjabi ladies and unmarried Hindu girls. The collarless or mandarain collared kurta, can be worn over a chudidaar and is popular with both men and women.

The men in village use to wear the traditional attires like kurtas, lungis, dhotis and pyjama. The collerless Khadi (homespun cloth) jackets known as 'Nehru Jackets' are also popular. The Muslim women wear the traditional all enveloping 'Burkha' and the men use to wear a round cap on their head.

Ornaments

In the town women, generally, adorn their wrists with churis (bangles) made of glass, silver or gold, anguthis (finger rings), necklaces, nose-ring, nose-pendent, nose-stud, ear-ring, payal, bichua (only married women) waist girdle and the like. The poor people usually go in for silver ornaments and the rich have gold pieces sometimes studded with precious stones and pearls. Men are not so fond of ornaments, sometime they wear a gold ring on their finger, and a thin chain around the neck.

Food

Wheat constitutes the staple food of the people, other materials commonly consumed here as food being maize, barley, gram and jowar. Chapaties prepared from kneaded wheat or corn flour are generally eaten with dal or gur and milk. The pulses consumed here are urd, arhar, moong, chana, masur etc. One major meal is taken at about 1 P.M. in the day. Breakfast consists of tea and any of the Indian or western stuff. At nightfall the people take a light meal. Among edible fats ghee, vanaspati and mustard oil are more commonly used. The pure ghee of nearby villages of town is quite famous for its thickness and purity. Spicy diet is not preferred though people are quite fond of pickles, chutneys.

Most known sweet of is "Jalebi" , which is formed by besan and melt sugar. The "Peda" is also famous as well. The most of sweets is formed by milk. The "rabadi" (combination of milk and sugar and some of other things) is very popular among the natives of the town .

Dance and Music

Popular varieties of folk music prevalent throughout U.P. e.g. the Phaag, Kajari and Rasiyas, etc. are popular in the town as well, and are sung at different times of the year. Folk songs known as Dhola, Unchari and Langadia are also very common in the villages. Bhajans, Kirtan in a chorus to the accomplishment of musical instruments is very much liked by the inhabitants of the town.

Farming and Crop-System

Chhibramau and its nearby villages are known for the best and large quality of potato and wheat. Town and its nearby places like farrukhabad are famous for large number of potato mills in the state. Some famous crops of the town known for its quality production are Potato, Wheat, Arhar, Urd, moong, Jowar, Ground nut, Gram, Pea, Mustard Sugar-cane and Barley. Town is known for the best pro practice of growing more than one crop simultaneously in a single field in a single season gives additional harvest. Thus, this practice increases the overall yield and ensures maximum use of the soil and nutrients. If there is danger of loss to any crop due to adverse weather conditions or diseases, there are some better chances for the other crop in the field if the system of multiple cropping is adopted. Potato is generally mixed with methi or onion. The importance of rotation of crops has been fully realized by the farmers of the town in the present era due large scale of urbanization of agriculture land . Scientific rotation of crops helps the farmers to maintain the fertility of the fields. A particular crop sown in one season restricts the cultivator to sow the other crop in the next season, which is most beneficial for the field and by this practice the turnout also is enhanced to some extent. The practice of green-manuring during kharif is also popular before sowing wheat in Rabi.

The popular rotations followed in the town are Paddy Wheat, Paddy Gram, Paddy Peas, Paddy Berseem, Maize Wheat, Maize Potato-wheat, Bajra Wheat or Peas or Gram or Peas and Gram, on account of being leguminous crops, have restorative qualities, Cultivation of these crops in rotation with exhaustive crops like paddy and bajra helps to maintain the fertility of the fields. The old practice of growing wheat after a fallow period is being replaced by growing wheat after green manuring in Rabi. This practice has been responsible for increasing the yield of wheat by more than one and a half quintals per ha. Sugar-cane is generally sown in three years rotation. The areas, near the help of organic manures and fertilizer. In such areas three to four crops in a year are taken such as maize, early potato, late potato and Sitaphal. In these areas the fertility of the fields is maintained by full manuring.

Harvests

The methods of cultivation in this town are generally the same as those found elsewhere in the Ganges region. The application of manure and the use of water for irrigation are extensively resorted to. There are the usual harvests known as the Kharif or autumn, the Rabi or spring and Zaid or extra harvest. The Kharif crops are shown in Ashadha- Sravana and reaped in Kuar-Kartika after the cessation of rains usually well before the preparation of fields for the Rabi sowings which begin in October–November i.e. Kartika and Agrahanya and are harvested in March–April and even May. The Zaid consists of vegetables and low grade cereals sown in March or April and reaped before June. The system of double cropping is followed to a considerable extent in the district owing to the facilities for irrigation

Means of Irrigation

Chhibramau is an agriculture land. The main occupation in the town is agriculture. Thus, the means of irrigation keeps the important role on such lands. To become independent in the production of potato grains and cereals it is necessary to provide the sufficient means of irrigation in the cultivable lands so that the crops giving more production could be harvested by increasing the agriculture density.

In earlier times the town was almost wholly dependent on wells and to a small extent on tanks and canal . In the present era the well-irrigation appears to have been largely replaced by Tube wells and Submersible pumps .

Education

Chhibramau has a good number of education institutions for a middle level town. These draw students from the surrounding district, and include:

1. Nehru Degree (PG) College, Chhibramau
2. District Institute of Education and Training, Chhibramau
3. Jagdishwar Dayal Janta Inter College, Chhibramau
4. Hira Lal Vaishya National Inter College, Chhibramau
5. Girls Inter College, Chhibramau
6. Lok Bharti Inter College, Chhibramau
7. Subhash Academy, Chhibramau
8. City Children's Academy, Chhibramau
9. Jugal Shitla Institute of Technology & Management (JSITM), Chhibramau (web.archive.org/web/20130506101536/http://jsitm.org)
10. Happy Kids Corner School, Chhibramau
11. Happy Public School, Chhibramau
12. Choudhari Jamadhar Singh Mahavidhayalaya Degree College, Chhibramau
13. Galaxy Public School,chhibramau
14. Kidzee Pre School East Byepass, Chhibramau
15. M.D. Inter College Talgram Road Chhibramau

Places of interest

Ancient temples

Gangeshwar Nath Mandir, a temple of Lord Shiva, is among the oldest temples of Chhibramau.

Mansheshwar Nath mandir, God Shiva's Temple in main market near city Post Office.

Kalika Devi Mandir is among the oldest temples of the goddess Kaali.

Phooti Masjid is one of the oldest mosques in the district of Kannauj. It is surrounded by a cluster of trees and has no minarets. It has been renovated several times in the past but as renovations have not been wholly successful it is popularly known as Phooti (broken) Masjid.

Gama Devi Mandir is a temple dedicated to the goddess Gama (incarnation of Maa Durga) near the peepal wali gali (bylane) and Sabji Mandi (vegetable market or Farmers' market ) in Chhibramau.

The Hanuman temple in Naugai (a village in Chhibramau) is also considered one of the ancient temples of the town. Many devotees assemble there on the day of Bada Mangal.

Ancient Hanuman Temple in Baba ka Bagh, also pronounced in local language as baba ki bagiya (a saint's garden) on Saurikh Road.

Other places of interest

1. Bank of Kali River (Uttar Pradesh)
2. Fort of Bishungarh (a village near Chhibramau)
3. Parks of Avas Vikas Colony

Climate

In summer, i.e. from March to June, the weather remains hot and the temperature ranges from a maximum of 48 °C to a minimum of 28 °C.

Monsoon season prevails during mid-June to mid-September.

The cold waves from the Himalayan region makes the winters in Chhibramau chilly and harsh. Temperatures fall to as low as 3 to 4 °C at the peak of winters. Chhibramau also has fog and smog problems. In January, a dense fog envelops the town, reducing visibility on the streets.

Climate data for Chhibramau
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	20 (68)	24 (75)	30 (86)	36 (97)	36 (97)	37 (99)	35 (95)	34 (93)	34 (93)	35 (95)	29 (84)	23 (73)	31.1 (87.9)
Average low °C (°F)	3 (37)	10 (50)	15 (59)	21 (70)	27 (81)	29 (84)	27 (81)	26 (79)	25 (77)	19 (66)	12 (54)	06 (43)	18.3 (65.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	25 (0.98)	22 (0.87)	17 (0.67)	7 (0.28)	8 (0.31)	65 (2.56)	211 (8.31)	173 (6.81)	150 (5.91)	31 (1.22)	1 (0.04)	5 (0.2)	715 (28.16)

Distance of Major cities and towns From City

West

• Bewar (21.5 km)
• Mainpuri (51 km)
• Agra (165 km)
• Aligarh (169 km )
• Delhi (300 km )

North

• Mohammadabad, Farrukhabad (15.6 km)
• Farrukhabad (35.1 km )

East

• Talgram (9.3 km )
• Kamalganj (10.0 km )
• Gursahaiganj (25 km )
• Kanpur (125 km)
• Allahabad (325 km)

South

• Saurikh (8 km)
• Bidhuna (46 km)

References

External links

• http://sec.up.nic.in