Cyclone Oscar

Severe Tropical Cyclone Oscar
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone (Aus scale)
Category 3 (Saffir–Simpson scale)
Formed February 23, 1983 (1983-02-23T0Z)
Dissipated March 6, 1983 (1983-03-06T0Z)
Highest winds 10-minute sustained: 205 km/h (125 mph)
1-minute sustained: 185 km/h (115 mph)
Lowest pressure 920 hPa (mbar); 27.17 inHg
Fatalities 9
Damage $130 million (USD)
Areas affected Fiji
Part of the 1982–83 South Pacific cyclone season

Severe Tropical Cyclone Oscar was one of the worst tropical cyclones to affect Fiji. The system was first noted as a shallow depression during December 23, while it was located to the north of Suva, Fiji. The system subsequently developed further as it moved westwards and was named as Tropical Cyclone Oscar during the next day. Over the next few days Oscar subsequently intensified as it moved westwards and gradually developed further and equivalent to a Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone, on the modern day Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale during February 27. The system subsequently turned and started to move south-eastwards towards Fiji.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

On February 23, the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) started to monitor a shallow depression, that had developed about 485 km (300 mi) to the north-northwest of Suva, Fiji.[1][2] The system subsequently developed further as it moved westwards and was declared a tropical cyclone and named Oscar by the FMS during February 24.[2] Over the next few days Oscar subsequently intensified as it moved westwards and gradually developed further.[2] During February 27, Oscar became equivalent to a Category 3 Severe Tropical Cyclone, on the modern day Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale as it started to move towards the south-east and Fiji.[1] The system subsequently continued to intensify during that day with the eye appearing on satellite imagery, before it came into the range of the Nadi International Airport's radar at around 03:30 UTC (15:30 FST) on February 28.[1][2] The radar imagery showed that the system had an eye within a better defined and larger concentric eye and allowed the FMS to perform hourly fixes on the systems position.[2][3] Later that day at 12:00 UTC (00:00 FST, March 1), the FMS reported that the system had peaked as a Category 5 Severe Tropical Cyclone, with 10-minute sustained wind speeds of 205 km/h (125 mph).[1][2] The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center subsequently reported six hours later that the system had peaked with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 185 km/h (115 mph), which made it equivalent to a category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.[4]

Early on March 1, as Oscar passed about 90 km (55 mi) to the west-southwest of Nadi, it was decided to secure Nadi's radar dish and the satellite antennae as storm-force winds outside gusted to 140 km/h (85 mph).[2] During that day the system started to weaken while sustained winds of between 115–125 km/h (71–78 mph) were observed on Viti Levu, with a maximum wind gust of 185 km/h (115 mph) recorded at Nadi Airport.[2][3] After wind gusts dropped and the pressure rose at Nadi, the radar was able to be brought back into operation at around 12:00 UTC (00:00 FST, March 2).[2] The radar's poor image suggested that Oscar was now located to the south of Sigatoka, having accelerated from 7 to 15 km/h (4 to 9 mph) while the radar was shut down.[2] Later that day the system wobbled towards the south-southeast, as it approached the island of Beqa, which spared the Fijian Capital of Suva from Oscar's worst effects.[2] The system subsequently made landfall on the island of Kandavu at around 22:00 UTC (10:00 FST, March 2), before it left the Fijian group of islands during March 2.[2] The system subsequently rapidly weakened before it was last noted during March 6, while it was located about 2,400 km (1,490 mi) to the south-east of Suva, Fiji.[2]

Preparations and impact

Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Fiji
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 1,139 44.84 Wally (1980) Sakisa [5]
2 1,040 40.94 Kina (1992-93) Monasavu dam [6]
3 755 29.72 Bebe (1972) Suva [5][7]
4 615 24.21 Gavin (1997) Monasavu dam [8]
6 545 21.46 June (1997) Matei [9]
5 529 20.83 Evan (2012) Monasavu dam [10]
7 495 19.49 Mick (2009) Monasavu dam [11]
8 479 18.86 Winston (2016) Nadarivatu [12]
9 443 17.44 Rae (1990) Monasavu dam [13]
10 400 15.75 Oscar (1983) Vunisea [2]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Oscar affected Fiji between February 28 and March 2, and was responsible for nine deaths and US$130 million in damages.[14] As a result of the impact caused the name Oscar was retired, from the list of tropical cyclone names for the region. Ahead of a tropical cyclone alert for Fiji being issued during February 27, local radio bulletins made Fijians, aware that a tropical cyclone existed several days in advance.[2] Gale, storm and hurricane warnings were subsequently issued for various parts of Fiji including Viti Levu, Kandavu and the Yasawa and Mamanutha island groups.[2][15] Ahead of the system impacting the island nation, the Nadi International Airport was closed, with both internal and external flights cancelled.[2][16] Schools around the nation were also closed with some being used as evacuation centres for the hundreds of Fijians who evacuated.[16] During February 28, the system started to affect Fiji with strong winds and light rain, before the wind and rain gradually became stronger during March 1, with storm and hurricane force winds recorded over the island nation.[2]

Damage was mostly in the form of severe flooding from storm tides and torrential rains.[17] Hardest hit areas included the Mamanutha Group, western and southwestern Viti Levu, and Yanutha, Vatulele, Kandevu and Mbengga Islands. In some areas storm surges reached 9 to 12 feet.[2] However, the highest measured storm surge value was 5.93 m (19.46 ft) at Rarawai Mill.[18] Flooding due to torrential rains was particularly severe in western and southwestern Viti Levu. At Nadi Market flood levels were about 12 ft above the asphalt pavement. In the Singatoka Valley, which supplies most of Fiji's vegetables, most crops were destroyed as flooding reached levels beyond living memory of most people.[2]

Aftermath

On March 1, after the system had moved through the archipelago, the Fijian Government immediately declared a national disaster and asked for assistance from the international community.[19] Efforts to clean up certain towns including Nadi, Lautoka, Sigatoka and Suva started almost immediately after Oscar had moved away, with the Sigatoka Town council initiating a spraying campaign to destroy mosquitoes and counter an outbreak of disease.[19]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 MetService (May 22, 2009). "TCWC Wellington Best Track Data 1967–2006". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Browne M L; Krishna, Ram (1983). "Tropical Cyclone 'Oscar'" (PDF). Weather and Climate. The Meteorological Society of New Zealand. 3 (2): 59–65.
  3. 1 2 Deangellis, Richard M (1983). Wilson, Elwyn E, ed. Hurricane Alley: Tropical Cyclones — Summer 1983. Mariners Weather Log (Report). 27. p. 174. ISSN 0025-3367. OCLC 648466886.
  4. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone 14P (Oscar) best track analysis". United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  5. 1 2 Campbell, John R (1984). Dealing with disaster: hurricane response in Fiji. p. 55. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 23, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  6. ↑ Prasad, Rajendra (February 19, 1993). Tropical Cyclone Kina, December 26, 1992 – January 5, 1993 (Tropical Cyclone Report 92/1). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 26, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  7. ↑ Thompson, Russell D (1986). "Hurricanes in the Fiji Area: Causes and Consequences". New Zealand Journal of Geography. 81 (1): 7–12. doi:10.1111/j.0028-8292.1986.tb00222.x.
  8. ↑ Terry, James P; Raj, Rishi (1999). "Island Environment and Landscape Responses to 1997 Tropical Cyclones in Fiji". Pacific Science. University of Hawai'i Press. 53 (3): 257–272. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
  9. ↑ RSMC Nadi — Tropical Cyclone Centre (May 27, 1997). Preliminary Report on Tropical Cyclone "June" — May 3 - 5, 1997 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 21, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  10. ↑ Climate Services Division (January 7, 2013). Fiji Islands Climate Summary December 2012 Volume 33 Issue 12 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 7, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  11. ↑ Climate Services Division (January 13, 2010). Fiji Islands Climate Summary December 2009 Volume 30 Issue 12 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 12, 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
  12. ↑ Climate Services Division (March 8, 2016). Fiji Climate Summary: February 2016 (Report). 37. Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  13. ↑ Prasad, Rajendra; Fiji Meteorological Service (1990). DeAngellis, Richard M, ed. Tropical Cyclone Rae (Mariners Weather Log: Volume 34, Issue 3: Summer 1990). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Oceanographic Data Service. p. 43. Retrieved May 15, 2013.
  14. ↑ Costello, D (December 30, 1986). "Fiji prepares for worst as cyclone heads for coast". Courier-Mail.
  15. ↑ "[United Press International Report: March 1, 1983]". United Press International. March 1, 1983.
  16. 1 2 "Hundreds flee homes as cyclone Oscar strikes". The Canberra Times. 2 March 1983. p. 5.
  17. ↑ "ASSESSMENT OF INUNDATION OF THE NADURULOULOU RESEARCH STATION". Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Dredging Project. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  18. ↑ McGree, Simon; Yeo, Stephen; Devi, Swastika (October 2010). FLOODING IN THE FIJI ISLANDS BETWEEN 1840 AND 2009 (PDF). Fiji Meteorological Service. p. 34. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  19. 1 2 Fiji - Cyclone (PDF) (Report). United States Agency for International Development. pp. 59–65.
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