David Chapman (chemist)

David Chapman
Born David Leonard Chapman
(1869-12-06)6 December 1869
Died 17 January 1958(1958-01-17) (aged 88)
Fields Physical chemistry
Institutions
Alma mater Christ Church, Oxford
Known for Chapman–Jouguet condition
Notable awards Fellow of the Royal Society[1]

David Leonard Chapman FRS[1] (6 December 1869 – 17 January 1958) was an English physical chemist, whose name is associated with the Chapman-Jouguet treatment (on the theory of detonation in gases) and the Gouy-Chapman layer (the surface layer of ions distributed on a charged surface). He was a fellow of Jesus College, Oxford for 37 years, and was in charge there of the last college laboratory at the University of Oxford.[2]

Education and early life

Chapman was born in Wells, Norfolk but moved with his family to Manchester and attended Manchester Grammar School. He then went to Christ Church, Oxford, obtaining degrees in chemistry (1893, 1st class) and physics (1894, 2nd class).

Career

Chapman was science master at Giggleswick School for a time before becoming a member of staff at the University of Manchester. In 1907, Jesus College, Oxford appointed him as fellow and tutor in charge of its new teaching and research laboratory. Chapman ran this until his retirement in 1944; the laboratory, the last college-run laboratory in the university, closed in 1947. Chapman was also vice-principal of the college (1926–44).[3]

Away from his teaching and research, Chapman was reserved and somewhat eccentric, but enjoyed golf, cycling and walking. He married one of his research students, Muriel Holmes (a member of the university's Society of Home Students) in 1918. He died from cancer at his home in Oxford in 1958.[3]

Research

Although Chapman took a keen interest in his students, research was his main priority. Chapman had a particular interest in the photochemical reaction of hydrogen and chlorine, establishing that minute traces of impurities caused unexpected consequences. He suggested the steady state hypothesis in 1913. He discovered that the interruption of light by a rotating sector caused the rate of the reaction to vary with the frequency of the sector and, in 1926, he was the first to apply this theory to measure the 'mean life' of a reaction intermediate. Other areas of interest were the theory of detonation in gases (the subject of an important paper that Chapman published in 1899,[4] with reliable calculations of detonation speeds; the theory is still known as the Chapman-Jouget treatment) and the distribution of ions at a charged surface (with the name of the Gouy-Chapman layer being given to the surface layer that he envisaged).[3]

References

  1. 1 2 Bowen, E. J. (1958). "David Leonard Chapman 1869-1958". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 4: 34. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1958.0004.
  2. ↑ Chapman, D. L. (1899). "VI.On the rate of explosion in gases". Philosophical Magazine Series 5. 47 (284): 90–104. doi:10.1080/14786449908621243.
  3. 1 2 3 E. J. Bowen (2004). "Chapman, David Leonard (1869–1958)". The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32364.
  4. ↑ Chapman, David Leonard (1899) "On the rate of explosion in gases," Philosophical Magazine, series 5, vol. 47, pages 90-104.
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