FS Class 420

SFAI Class 1200
RA Class 420
RM Class 480
FS Class 420

A FS Class 420 locomotive

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Builder	Cockerill, Breda, Ansaldo, Miani & Venturi, Maffei, MÁVAG, Maschinenfabrik Esslingen, Henschel & Son, Lokomotivfabrik der StEG, Naples Railway Works, Pietrarsa Railway Works, Hawthorn-Guppy of Naples
Build date	1873-1905
Total produced	293

Specifications
UIC class	D'n2
Gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in)
Driver dia.	1,220 mm (48.03 in)
Length	16,320 mm (53 ft 7 in)
Axle load	14.3 tonnes (14.1 long tons; 15.8 short tons)
Loco weight	55.7 tonnes (54.8 long tons; 61.4 short tons)
Tender weight	26.7 tonnes (26.3 long tons; 29.4 short tons)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	4,000 kg (8,800 lb)
Water cap	9,000 l (2,000 imp gal; 2,400 US gal)
Firebox: • Firegrate area	2.16 m² (23.3 sq ft)
Boiler pressure	10 kg/cm² (0.981 MPa; 142 psi)
Heating surface	166.63 m² (1,793.6 sq ft)
Cylinders	Two, outside
Cylinder size	530 mm × 610 mm (20.87 in × 24.02 in)
Valve gear	Stephenson

Performance figures
Maximum speed	45 km/h (28 mph)
Power output	620 PS (456 kW; 612 hp)
Tractive effort	11,450 kgf (112.3 kN; 25,200 lbf)

The Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS; Italian State Railways) Class 420 (Italian: Gruppo 290), formerly SFAI Class 1200, Rete Adriatica Class 420 and Rete Mediterranea Class 480, was a 0-8-0 steam locomotive.

Design and construction

In the early 1870s, the SFAI needed a locomotive suitable for heavy work on the most important mountain lines, such as the Giovi railway and the Turin-Modane railway, for which the 0-6-0 locomotives were becoming increasingly inadequate. The Ufficio d'Arte di Torino chose a 0-8-0 locomotive of the Wiener Neustädter Lokomotivfabrik (then known as "Sigl"), very similar to the Südbahn Class 35 a that it already produced.^[1]^[2]

The Class 420 was a typical long-boiler, inside-frame 0-8-0 locomotive of the era, that showed its Austrian derivation with its two-shutters smokebox door, and its outside Stephenson valve gear. The locomotives built before 1884 had the distinction of having curved footplating over the wheels, while later units had straight footplating and small splashers. Some of the locomotives were given a replacement boiler before 1914, but their performance remained mostly unchanged.^[2]

The first 60 locomotives were built by Sigl (from which they derived the nickname with which they were known for their whole career) for the SFAI. Production continued until 1890, from both foreign (such as Maffei) and Italian firms (such as Ansaldo and Breda), for a total of 189 locomotives; all these were divided in 1885 between the Rete Adriatica and the Rete Mediterranea. Building of further locomotives for the RM resumed in 1897, and continued until 1905, bringing the total of the Class to 293.^[3]

Service

The Class 420 served on most Italian mountain lines. The first locomotives were assigned to the Genoa sheds, to serve on the Giovi lines; on the 1-in-62½ grade of the Succursale line (opened in 1889), two Class 420s were able to pull trains of 450 t (990,000 lb) at the speed of 20 km/h. The units assigned to the RM in 1885 were allocated to the Porrettana railway.

Their dominance over the major mountain lines began to decline in the 1890s and 1900s, when they were replaced by more powerful locomotives such as the Class 750, and then by the Class 470 locomotives. This caused many members of the class to be assigned to secondary lines of the Po valley, while others were sent to Sicily around 1925 to integrate the similar Class 410 locomotives stationed there.

Some units managed to survive World War II, mostly as harbour shunters, and as late as 1953 two Class 420 locomotives were still listed as active in Piedmont. None survived into preservation.^[4]^[2]

References

↑ Cornolò, p. 190
1 2 3 Kalla-Bishop, p. 31
↑ Cornolò, p. 190-2
↑ Cornolò, p. 190-4

Cornolò, Giovanni (May 2014). "Locomotive a vapore". TuttoTreno (2).
Kalla-Bishop, P.M. (1986). Italian state railways steam locomotives : together with low-voltage direct current and three-phase motive power. Abingdon: Tourret. ISBN 0905878035.

Classes of Ferrovie dello Stato locomotives

Steam

Tender locomotives	100 102 103 110^I 110^II 111 112 113 114 116 117 118 119^I 119^II 120 121 122 136 139 140 150 155 158 160 161 162 163 164 170 180 181^I 181^II 182^I 182^II 183 185 186 187 190 193 194 195 196 197 198 200 201 206 207 208 209 211 212 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 255 260 261 262 265 268 269 270 271 272 290 291 292 293 310 320 380 385 388 390 391 394 395 396 397 400 410 420 421 422 423 424 425 450 451 452 453 454 455 460 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 482 499^I 499^II 500 510 512 513 530 540^I 540^II 542 543 545 550 552 553 554 555 556 560 600 601 603 604 605 606 607 623 625 626 630 640^I 640^II 645 650 652 653 656 660 666 670 671 672 675 676 677 680 681 682 683^I 683^II 685 686 687 688 690^I 690^II 691 720 728 729 730 731 735 736 737 740 741^I 741^II 743^I 743^II 744 745 746 747^I 747^II 750

Tank locomotives	800^I 800^II 801 802^I 802^II 803^I 803^II 804 805 806 809 810^I 810^II 811 812 813 814 815^I 815^II 815^III 816 817 818 819 820^I 820^II 821^I 821^II 822 823 824 825 826^I 826^II 827 828^I 828^II 828^III 829 830^I 830^II 831 835 842 848 849 850^I 850^II 851 870 871 874^I 874^II 875 876 877 880^I 880^II 881 882 885 893 894 895 896^I 896^II 897 898 899^I 899^II 900 902 904 905 906 910 912 915 940 950 980 981 999

Narrow gauge locomotives	R.201 R.202 R.300 R.301 R.302 R.305 R.306 R.310 R.370 R.401 R.402 R.410 R.440 R.441 R.442 R.443 R.600 P U

Electric

Rechargeable battery	E.421

650 V DC Third rail	E.220 E.320 E.321 E.420 E.620

3,6 kV AC Three-Phase	E.330 E.331 E.332 E.333 E.360 E.380 E.390 E.430 E.431 E.432 E.550 E.551 E.552 E.554

10,6 kV AC Three-Phase	E.470 E.471 E.472 E.570

3 kV DC	E.321 E.322 E.323 E.324 E.326 E.400 E.402A E.402B E.403 E.404 E.405 E.412 E.414 E.424 E.428 E.434 E.444 E.444R E.447 E.453 E.454 E.464 E.621 E.625 E.626 E.632 E.633 E.636 E.645 E.646 E.652 E.655 E.656

25 kV AC	E.491 E.492

Diesel

Light shunters	206 207 208^I 208^II 209 210 211 R.212 213^I 213^II 214 215 216 218^I

Shunters	218^II 225 234 235 236 245 250 255

Heavy shunters	Ne 120 D.141 RD.142 D.143 D.145 D.146 D.147 356 372 Ne 700

Train locomotives	D.341 D.342 D.343 D.345 D.442 D.443 D.445 D.449 D.461

see also Category:Rolling stock of Italy

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