Fumonisin

The fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins derived from Fusarium, Liseola section.[1] They have strong structural similarity to sphinganine, the backbone precursor of sphingolipids[2]

More specifically, it can refer to:

The trichothecene (T-2) mycotoxins are a group of over 40 compounds produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium, a common grain mold.[3]

The estrogenic metabolite, zearalenone, is also referred to as F-2 toxin.[4]

As the fumonisins appear to be non-genotoxic the possibility that they belong to another class of non-genotoxic carcinogens, the peroxisome proliferators, was investigated[5]

Genetic engineering is reported as a promising means of detoxifying mycotoxins. This approach may provide innovative solutions to the problem of fumonisin in corn.[6]

At least 15 different fumonisins have so far been reported and other minor metabolites have been identified, although most of them have not been shown to occur naturally.[7] In 2015, a unique class of non-aminated fumonisins[8] was reported on grapes infected with Aspergillus welwitschia, although their toxicities have not yet been established.

References

  1. ↑ Fumonisins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
  2. ↑ Gelderblom, Wentzel C. A.; Marasas, Walter F. O.; Vleggaar, R.; Thiel, Pieter G.; Cawood, M. E. (February 1992). "Fumonisins: Isolation, chemical characterization and biological effects". Mycopathologia. 117 (1-2): 11–16. doi:10.1007/BF00497273. PMID 1513367.
  3. ↑ USAMRIID's Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook, 6th Ed. McLean, VA: International Medical Publishing, Inc. 2005. pp. 102–103. ISBN 1-58808-162-1.
  4. ↑ Marasas, W.F.O.; Paul E. Nelson (1987). Mycotoxicology: Introduction to the Mycology, Plant Pathology, Chemistry, Toxicology, and Pathology of Naturally Occurring Mycotoxicoses In Animals and Man. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 47. ISBN 0-271-00442-8.
  5. ↑ Jackson, Lauren S.; Jonathan W. DeVries; Lloyd B. Bullerman (1996). Fumonisins In Food. New York, NY: Plenum Press. p. 289. ISBN 0-306-45216-2.
  6. ↑ "Reduced contamination by the Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone in maize kernels through genetic modification with a detoxification gene.". Appl Environ Microbiol. 73 (5): 1622–9. March 2007. doi:10.1128/aem.01077-06.
  7. ↑ Marasas, W.F.O.; J.D. Miller; R.T. Riley; A. Visconti (2000). Environmental Health Criteria 219: Fumonisin B1. Vammala, Finland: World Health Organization. p. 9. ISBN 92-4-157219-1.
  8. ↑ Renaud, J.B.R; M.J Kelman; Tianyu F. Qi; K.A. Seifert; M.W. Sumarah (2015). Product ion filtering with rapid polarity switching for the detection of all fumonisins and AAL-toxins. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Volume 29, Issue 22, 30 November 2015, Pages 2131–2139.


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