Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell

Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell of Oakham (before 21 May 1538^[1] – 20 November 1592^[2]) was an English peer. He was the eldest son and heir of Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell of Oakham and Elizabeth Seymour, daughter to John Seymour of Wolf Hall, Wiltshire and Margery Wentworth, sister to Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII.^[3]

Family and early life

Henry Cromwell was born in Lewes, Sussex in 1538 in the former Cluniac Priory of St. Pancras, that had been acquired by his grandfather Thomas Cromwell.^[4][5]

Cromwell's mother, Elizabeth married three times. She married firstly, in 1531, Anthony Ughtred, governor of Jersey, by whom she had two children:^[6][7][8]

• Henry Ughtred, (1533^[9] – c. 1598), married Elizabeth, daughter to John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester and the widow of William Courtenay who was killed at the Battle of St. Quentin in 1557.^[10][11]
• Margery Ughtred (c. 1535 – ) married William Hungate of Burnby, Yorkshire and had two sons, William and Leonard.^[8]

In 1537, three years after death of Anthony Ughtred in October 1534, she married Gregory Cromwell, the son of Thomas Cromwell and 1st Baron Cromwell. The couple had three sons and two daughters:^[2][6][12]

• Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell, (1538–1592)
• Edward Cromwell, (1539 – died young)
• Thomas Cromwell, (c. 1540 – 1611), educated at St John's College, Cambridge. Married, August 1580, Katherine (died 1615/1616), daughter of Thomas Gardner of Coxford, 5 sons, 4 daughters.
• Katherine or Catherine Cromwell, (c. 1541 – ) wife of Sir John Strode of Parnham, Dorset, son of Robert Strode and Elizabeth Hody, had six sons
• Frances Cromwell (c. 1544 – 7 February 1562) married Richard Strode of Newnham, Devon, son of William Strode of Newnham and Elizabeth Courtenay, on 11 November 1560 at Compton, Hampshire, they had one son, William Strode

Gregory Cromwell died suddenly of the sweating sickness on 4 July 1551 leaving his heir, Henry, a minor at thirteen years of age.^[2][4] His widow went on to marry, in 1554, as her third and last husband, John Paulet, lord St John (later 2nd Marquess of Winchester). She died 19 March 1568, and was buried 5 April^[13] at Basing, Hampshire.^[14]

Henry Cromwell was educated at St. John's College Cambridge, where he matriculated in 1553. He may have been admitted to Lincoln's Inn, 7 March 1557.^[15]

Peerage

Henry's grandfather, Thomas Cromwell, had been created Baron Cromwell of Wimbledon and Earl of Essex as a reward for his service as chief minister to Henry VIII, but he had lost those titles by attainder in June 1540.^[16] On 18 December 1540, his son Gregory was created 1st Baron Cromwell of Oakham. This title was a new creation rather than a restoration of his father's forfeited barony.^[17] Henry succeeded his father as the second Baron Cromwell under that creation. A minor at his father's premature death, he was first summoned to Parliament in 1563^[2]

Marriage and issue

Cromwell married, before 1560, Mary Paulet, (c. 1540^[18] – 10 October 1592), the daughter of his stepfather John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester and his first wife Elizabeth Willoughby,^[2] and by her had issue:^[2]

• Edward Cromwell, 3rd Baron Cromwell, (c. 1560 – 27 April 1607), married firstly, Elizabeth Umpton (died 1592/3), of Puslinch, Devon and secondly, Frances Rugge, (died 1631) of Felmingham, Norfolk, by whom he had a son, Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Ardglass and two daughters, Frances and Anne. He served with the Earl of Essex in the expedition against Spain and was knighted by him in Dublin 12 July 1599.^{[2][19][20][21]}
• Gregory Cromwell, married Frances, daughter of Sir Edward Griffin of Dingley, Northamptonshire.^[22] He was knighted by James I at Belvoir Castle 23 April 1603.^[23]
• Katharine Cromwell (c. 1562 – 24 March 1620), married on 10 February 1580/1581 at North Elmham, Norfolk, Sir Lionel Tollemache, 1st Baronet, of Helmingham, Suffolk (14 December 1562 - bet. 1617 and 1621), son of Sir Lionel Tollemache and Susan Jermyn. They had a son, Sir Lionel Tollemache, 2nd Baronet.^[24]

Death

Cromwell's wife, Mary died at North Elmham, Norfolk, 10 October 1592, and was buried, on 23 October, at Launde Abbey Leicestershire.^[2] He died shortly after his wife, on 20 November at North Elmham, Norfolk, 1592 and was buried, on 4 December, in the chapel at Launde Abbey, Launde, Leicestershire.^[2][25]

References

Bibliography

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• Burke, John (1831). A General and Heraldic Dictionary of The Peerages of England, Ireland and Scotland, Extinct, Dormant, and in Abeyance. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. 
• "Calendar of the Patent Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office: Elizabeth [I]". London: H.M.S.O. 1939. Retrieved 5 December 2013.  at HathiTrust
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• Cokayne, G. E. (1900). Complete Baronetage. I: 1611–1625. Exeter: William Pollard & Co. 
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• Cokayne, G. E. (1913). Gibbs, Vicary, ed. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. III. London: St. Catherine Press. 
• Cokayne, G. E. (1916). Gibbs, Vicary, ed. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. IV. London: St. Catherine Press. 
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• College of Arms (1829) [Printed by S. and R. Bentley, London, 1829]. Catalogue of the Arundel Manuscripts in the Library of the College of Arms. [By William Henry Black. With a preface signed C. G. Y., i.e. Sir Charles George Young]. Rarebooksclub.com (published 20 May 2012). ISBN 9781236284259. 
• Flower, William (1881). Norcliffe, Charles Best, ed. The Visitation of Yorkshire in the Years 1563 and 1564, Made by William Flower, Esquire, Norroy King of Arms. The Publications of the Harleian Society. XVI. London: Harleian Society. 
• Fuidge, N. M. (1981). "Ughtred, Henry (by 1534-aft. Oct. 1598), of Southampton and Ireland". In Hasler, P. W. Members. The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1558–1603. Historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 21 October 2013. 
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• Lee, Sidney (1888). "Cromwell, Edward". In Stephen, Leslie. Dictionary of National Biography. 13. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 151–152. 
• "Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII". British-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2013. 
• MacMahon, Luke (2004). "Ughtred, Sir Anthony (d. 1534)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27979.  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Metcalfe, Walter C. (1885). A Book of Knights Banneret, Knights of the Bath, and Knights Bachelor. London: Mitchell and Hughes. 
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• "Sir John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester, 2nd Earl of Wiltshire, 2nd Lord St. John, Sheriff of Hampshire, Somersetshire, & Dorsetshire". Our Royal, Titled, Noble, and Commoner Ancestors & Cousins. Our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com. Retrieved 8 December 2013. 
• Syvret, George S.; Carteret, Samuel de (1832). Chroniques des Iles de Jersey, Guernesey, Auregny et Serk (in French). Auquel on a ajouté un Abrégé Historique des dites Iles par Samuel de Carteret. Guernesey: de l'imprimerie de Thomas James Mauger. 
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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Launde Abbey.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oakham Castle.

• Henry Cromwell, Baron Cromwell Family tree
• Henry Cromwell at Find a Grave
• Extracts from the Will of Henry Lord Cromwell
• The Priory of St. Pancras, Lewes
• Katharine Cromwell Portrait by Robert Peake, 1581