John W. Caldwell
John W. Caldwell | |
---|---|
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky's 3rd district | |
In office March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1883 | |
Preceded by | Charles W. Milliken |
Succeeded by | John Edward Halsell |
Personal details | |
Born |
Russellville, Kentucky | January 15, 1837
Died |
July 4, 1903 66) Russellville, Kentucky | (aged
Resting place | Maple Grove Cemetery, Russellville, Kentucky |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse(s) | Sallie J. Barclay |
Alma mater |
Bethel College University of Louisville |
Profession | Lawyer |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Confederate States of America |
Service/branch | Confederate States Army |
Rank | Colonel |
Unit | 9th Kentucky Infantry |
Battles/wars | American Civil War |
John William Caldwell (January 15, 1837 – July 4, 1903) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.
Early life and family
John W. Caldwell was born in Russellville, Kentucky on January 15, 1837.[1] He was the son of Austin and Louisa (Harrison) Caldwell.[2] Austin Caldwell died in 1843, leaving John Caldwell as his only living child.[3] With the duties of caring for his father's estate, Caldwell was only able to attend the common schools of Logan and Christian Counties until age fourteen.[3] In 1850, he moved with his uncle, Dr. Robert Peyton Harrison, to Texas, where he worked on a farm, as a clerk, and as a surveyor.[1][3]
At age nineteen, Caldwell returned to Kentucky.[3] He studied law with William Morton, a well-known lawyer in his family.[3] In 1856, he matriculated to the University of Louisville School of Law, completing a junior year course of study with honors.[3] He graduated from the university in 1857, was admitted to the bar in 1858, and commenced practice in Russellville, Kentucky.[1][3]
Caldwell married Sallie J. Barclay, and the couple had one son and two daughters.[3]
Civil War service
Although he opposed secession, Caldwell volunteered as a private in the Confederate States Army in 1861.[3] He was immediately elected captain of the "Logan Grays", a Confederate company being recruited in Logan County.[3] When Confederate forces under Simon Bolivar Buckner entered Kentucky, Caldwell led the Grays to Bowling Green, where they became Company A of the 9th Kentucky Infantry under John C. Breckinridge.[3] After Albert Sidney Johnson's retreat from Bowling Green, Caldwell commanded the 9th Kentucky until relieved by Colonel Thomas H. Hunt on his return from New Orleans, Louisiana.[3]
At the Battle of Shiloh, Caldwell received several wounds, including a badly broken left arm.[3] Sixty-five percent of his company was killed or wounded in the battle.[3] Following the battle, he was promoted to major, and when the 9th Kentucky was reorganized six weeks later, he was elected its lieutenant colonel.[3] Thomas H. Hunt resigned his commission in 1863, and Caldwell was promoted to colonel and given command.[3] He sometimes also commanded the Orphan Brigade.[4]
Caldwell again broke his left arm at the Battle of Chickamauga.[3] Because of this, the Board of Army Surgeons offered him a medical retirement, but he declined, rejoining his regiment in Dalton, Georgia two weeks later.[3] At the end of the war, he surrendered his forces at Washington, Georgia and was paroled as a prisoner of war on May 6, 1865.[3]
Political career
Caldwell resumed the practice of law in Russellville.[1] He was elected judge of the Logan County Court in August 1866 and reelected in 1870, serving eight years.[1][3] Two years after his retirement from the bench, he was elected as a Democrat to represent the Third District in the U.S. House of Representatives.[3] He served in the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1883).[1] He was known as an advocate of home rule, tariff reform, hard money, and conservatism in public expenditures.[4] Due to ill health, he declined to be a candidate for reelection although he faced no Republican opposition for the seat.[4]
Later life and death
After his time in Congress, Caldwell did not return to his legal practice, but became president of the Logan County Bank.[4] He died in Russellville on July 4, 1903 and was interred in Maple Grove Cemetery.[1]
References
Bibliography
- Biographical Cyclopedia of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Chicago, Illinois: J.M. Gresham Company. 1896.
- United States Congress. "John W. Caldwell (id: C000036)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
United States House of Representatives | ||
---|---|---|
Preceded by Charles W. Milliken |
United States Representative, Kentucky 3rd District 1877–1883 |
Succeeded by John E. Halsell |